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It's a branch in forensic science that deals with electronics and the use of the internet. Usually, it is used in cybercrime situations, however it is not limited to it. Digital Evidence can be used to track someone's location by GPS, hear recorded voice messages or phone calls, or even text messages. Nowadays, digital evidence is almost, always involved in a crime, especially since the world has evolved so much with the use of technology.

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Within the last 30 years, digital forensics has changed a lot. It has helped a lot with case efficiency and closure rates. in 2003, the FBI was loaded with nearly 6,500 cases, compared 2012, when more than 13,500 cases had been examined. In today's age of digital evidence, police agencies are able to track down one's step with GPS assist. The use of the internet has helped agencies track people's digital footprints to see if they did anything wrong. In my opinion, digital forensics is something that changed the world for the better and the worst. Yes, we can track people down, but it also exposes the internet to bad people.

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What are challenges associated with digital forensics?

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What are challenges associated with digital forensics?

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The challenges can be divided into three parts; Technical challenges, legal challenges, and resource challenges. Your technical challenges are things like hacking, encryption, and data wiping. Your resource challenges  is the time. Time is a limiting factor when it comes to gathering evidence, so if the case is large, the investigator has to go through and collect evidence and then make sure that it's secure and ready to be used during the hearing. Your legal challenges, is one's privacy, an investigator cannot use evidence that they accidently stumbled across if they are not warranted for it.

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Describe and define the chain of custody for digital evidence.

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Describe and define the chain of custody for digital evidence.

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Digital chain of custody is the record of preservation of digital evidence from collection to presentation in the court of law. It's a very tedious process because the information could be wiped or the tech is too damaged to process anything so that's why you go through the process. In order for it to be admissible you must:
1. Save the original material
2. Take photos of the physical evidence
3. Take screenshots of the digital evidence.
4.   Document date, time, and any other information on the receipt of the evidence.
5.  Inject a bit-for-bit clone of digital evidence content into forensic computers.
6. Perform a hash test analysis to authenticate the working clone.

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Encryption is a way of scrambling data where only authorized parties can understand. How does it pertain to Digital Forensics? Well, it already takes a lot of time collecting data from technology but when the data is locked via an encryption it makes the process harder and makes it longer. cryptanalysis is a decryption technique that helps to retrieve the encrypted data and is useful for digital investigators.

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1. Computer Forensics - the identification, preservation, collection, analysis and reporting on evidence found on computers, laptops and storage media in support of investigations and legal proceedings.

2. Memory Forensics -the recovery of evidence from the RAM of a running computer.

3. Mobile Device Forensics - the recovery of electronic evidence from mobile phones, smartphones, SIM cards, PDAs, GPS devices, tablets and game consoles.

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There was a specific code/key used in order for users to access Silk Road, so when the government got access to the key,  they were able to sign in directly through Ulbricht's private laptop. Additionally, there was a staff chat used in the Silk Road market, so when collecting data, the investigators found instructions on how to access the private staff chat on Ulbricht's laptop. Also, thousands of pages of chat logs with Silk Road employees; detailed journal entries describing Ulbricht's ownership of the site; a list that tracked Ulbricht's tasks and ideas related to Silk Road; a copy of Silk Road's database; and spreadsheets cataloguing both the servers that hosted Silk Road and expenses and profits associated with the site were found through his laptop. The government seized nearly $18 Million of bitcoin through his wallet on his laptop.

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Who?

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The trial lasted for three weeks. The defense attorney's argument was yes, Ulbricht did create Silk Road, but it was someone else using "Dread Pirate Robert's" to commit the crimes.  The first time Jared Der-Yeghiayan (undercover agent) met Ross Ulbricht was at 3:16 pm on October 1, 2013, moments after the latter was arrested for running the notorious online drugs marketplace Silk Road. The Department of Homeland Security started investigating Silk Road in 2012. By late July 2013, Jared Der-Yeghiayan, a special agent with Homeland Security Investigations based out of Chicago, had taken over the account of a Silk Road moderator.  He then testified about his role in the sting that led to Ross Ulbricht’s arrest on October 1, 2013. On the fourth day of the trial, during cross examination for the defense, every questioned was stopped with an "Objection". In May 2015, he was sentenced to a double life sentence plus forty years without possibility of parole.

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Ross is a former darkweb market operator, best known for his "Silk Road" market which was the first of its kind to begin selling illegal drugs. The span of his crime lasted from 2011 to 2013. He was arrested on October 2, 2013 in a San Fransisco Library.

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1.) 2 hard drives (circumstantial Physical)

2.) handwritten notes crumpled in Ulbricht's bedroom trash can about ideas for improving Silk Road's vendor rating system. (Circumstantial Physical)

3.) evidence matching Ulbricht's actual travel history with DPR's (Dread Pirate Roberts; the name he goes by on the dark web.) online discussion of his travel plans.