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A ratio is an association between two or more quantities.

In the example above, there are 3 blue squares for every 1 yellow square (3:1). There is also 1 yellow square for every 3 blue squares (1:3)

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Two ratios are equivalent if you can multiply each of the numbers in the first ratio by the same factor to get the numbers in the second ratio.

A recipe made with an equivalent ratio of ingredients will taste the same as the original recipe. A paint mixture with an equivalent ratio of colors will make the same shade as the original mixture.

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A double number line diagram uses a pair of parallel number lines to represent equivalent ratios. The locations of the tick marks match on both number lines. The tick marks labeled 0 line up, but the other numbers are usually different

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The word per means “for each.”

For example, if the price is $5 per ticket, that means you will pay $5 for each ticket.

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The unit price is the cost for one item or for one unit of measure. For example, if 10 feet of fencing costs $150, then the unit price is 150 ÷ 10, ($15 per foot).

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Meters per second is a unit for measuring speed. It tells how many meters an object goes in one second.

For example, a person walking 3 meters per second is going faster than another person walking 2 meters per second.

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We use the words same rate to describe two situations that have equivalent ratios.

For example, a sink is filling with water at a rate of 2 gallons per minute. If a tub is also filling with water at a rate of 2 gallons per minute, then the sink and the tub are filling at the same rate.

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A table organizes information into horizontal rows and vertical columns. The first row or column usually tells what the numbers represent.

For example, here is a table showing the tail lengths of three different pets. This table has four rows and two columns.

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A tape diagram is a group of rectangles put together to represent a relationship between quantities.

For example, this tape diagram shows a ratio of 30 gallons of yellow paint to 50 gallons of blue paint.