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ZoteroBib: Fast, free bibliography generator - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard citations

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Aid agencies report swarms of locusts have been descending on farms in northern Kenya, destroying crops and even leaving pastures bare of vegetation.

The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization in a regional update on the pests says swarms have been detected this week in seven counties in Kenya compared to just four a week ago.

Across the Horn of Africa locust invasions have reached dangerous levels in Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya, according to the FAO.

"For Kenya this is a second wave," Hamisi Williams FAO deputy country representative for Kenya told Spice FM in Nairobi. "The first wave came in 2020 and we dealt with it." Kenya attacked the locusts with insecticides both from individual farmers on the ground and aerial spraying from planes. But other countries in the region - ones with fewer resources and wracked by conflict including Somalia, Yemen and Ethiopia - didn't go after the bugs as aggressively.

"A lot of (locust) breeding happened in Ethiopia for the entire 2020. The same situation happened in Somalia," Williams said. "We are now suffering the fate of our neighbors who just didn't do a good job for one reason or the other," in controlling the desert-dwelling grasshoppers.

But he concedes that part of the reason the locusts reproduced so rapidly was because of unusual rainfall patterns.

"We saw very intense rainfall in areas of northeastern (Kenya), where normally it's very dry," Williams said. "Normally there would be nothing there for locusts to feed on. They wouldn't be able to survive there for long." But that wasn't the case last year. "And you got so much fodder which the locusts were able to feed on, and they were able to breed."

The Famine Early Warning System says that several parts of the Horn of Africa currently are facing food crises driven in part by the surge in swarms of desert locusts. The warning system originally created by the U.S. Agency for International Development predicts the lack of adequate food will get even worse in the coming months. The areas expected to deteriorate the most are Ethiopia, Sudan and Yemen.

Keith Cressman, the senior locust forecasting officer at the FAO based in Rome calls the desert locusts which are currently plaguing the region "professional survivalists." He says these insects "are living in some of the harshest parts of the world. They're living in the Sahara desert, in the deserts of Arabia and southwest Asia. And when the rains do fall they have this capacity to take advantage of those exceptional occasions and reproduce very, very rapidly."

Over a three month period a swarm of locusts can multiply 20 fold, Cressman says.

"The other thing is that they have this great capacity to migrate. So they don't get stuck in areas when conditions dry out. They just simply pick up and move to greener pastures," he says. They fly with the wind and can travel more than 100 miles in a day.

"They can easily cross the Red Sea so they can go from Sudan to Saudi Arabia in a day, for example," Cressman says of the biblical pests. "They can easily cross from northern Somalia directly across the Indian Ocean to India and Pakistan."

And when they arrive somewhere, they're incredibly destructive, ravenously devouring vegetation.

"Imagine a swarm the size of Manhattan in New York, which is not a very big swarm," he says. "That single swarm in one day will eat the same amount of food as everybody in New York and California."

For local farmers, the arrival of a cloud of locusts can spell doom. Since last year, FAO has helped to set up a fleet of 28 aircraft in Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia. The planes both spot for swarms and carry out aerial spraying against them.

"We're not trying to exterminate the locusts, or eliminate them completely," Cressman says. "We are just trying to bring them down to lower levels. Then natural predation, natural diseases, will manage the locusts as they normally do in most years." But adding to the current woes of the region, even the funding for those aircraft is in danger of drying up.

The FAO Deputy Director-General Laurent Thomas is asking for an additional $40 million dollars to support the operation. "The last time Africa saw an upsurge of locusts approaching this scale, in the Sahel, it took two years and more than $500 million to bring under control," Thomas said Tuesday in a statement. "This (current) upsurge was even bigger, but East Africa is poised to end it - provided governments can keep those aircraft flying."

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Locust Swarms Threaten Parts Of East Africa

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Aid agencies report swarms of locusts have been descending on farms in northern Kenya, destroying crops and even leaving pastures bare of vegetation. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization in a regional update on the pests says swarms have been detected this week in seven counties in Kenya compared to just four a week ago.

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Japanese officials are swatting away rumors and reports that the government has concluded that, with the Tokyo Olympics 151 days away and much of the country in a COVID-19 state of emergency, the games cannot be held.

They dismissed an anonymously sourced report by the British newspaper The Times that there is a growing consensus within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party that this summer's games must be scrapped and that Japan should bid for the next available slot in 2032.

"We would like to fully deny (the report) by saying there is no such fact," Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary Manabu Sakai told reporters.

In March, 2020, Japan abruptly announced the games' postponement by a year after doggedly insisting for weeks that such a move was impossible.

Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga told parliament Friday that he was determined to make the games happen this time and that authorities are "considering specific anti-virus measures" to ensure the Olympic events can be held safely.

On Thursday, International Olympic Committee Chief Thomas Bach kept in lockstep with Tokyo, telling the Kyodo News Agency that there is no "plan B" for the games, which are scheduled to be held from July 23 to Aug. 8.

At the moment, Japan's biggest cities - Tokyo and Osaka, along with several other prefectures - are under a state of emergency aimed at halting a third wave of coronavirus infections. The emergency will last until at least Feb. 7.

If Japan fails to flatten the curve, the emergency could be extended, possibly sealing the fate of the games. Some decision will likely have to be made before the Olympic Torch Relay is scheduled to begin on March 25.

The government is "pushing the games forward without really understanding the critical situation our health care system is in," argued Dr. Jin Kuramochi, who runs a clinic outside Tokyo. "They're not beating the virus, and they are not ready for the Olympics," he warned.

The official façade of confidence has been showing cracks following expressions of doubt from political and sports heavyweights.

Senior IOC member Dick Pound recently said he "can't be certain" about the games "because the ongoing elephant in the room would be the surges in the virus."

"I should say anything is possible," admitted Taro Kono, Japan's Cabinet minister in charge of anti-COVID-19 vaccinations.

Yoshiro Mori, head of the Tokyo Games organizing committee, told a meeting this month that he can't afford to publicly express any doubt about the event.

"If I begin to feel even slightly unsure at this stage, it will affect everything," he said. "We should definitely push ahead, as that is the only option for us."

Author Ryu Honma, one of the games' most vocal critics, likened the current official attitude to the fatalistic mindset of World War II Japanese generals, specifically those who prosecuted the disastrous Imphal campaign in northeast India in 1944.

"Everyone knew it could never succeed but kept pushing anyway," he said in a phone interview. "Eventually, more than 50,000 soldiers were killed, and the commander took no responsibility."

"This operation is well known in Japan. The Tokyo Olympics is just like it," he added.

Officials might be putting off the decision in hopes that the pandemic situation will suddenly improve. But Honma argued that, more likely, they are waiting until they have no other choice.

"They will continue to insist that the Olympics will be held, but officials will secretly make a decision and then suddenly announce that the games have been canceled," he predicted.

The prime minister has said that the games must be held to send the message that mankind has triumphed over the virus.

He has seen his approval ratings fizzle over the perception that he has bungled the response to the pandemic, prioritizing politics and corporate profits over people's health. They may take a further hit if he defies public opinion about the games.

A poll this month by national broadcaster NHK found that nearly 80% of Japanese think the games should be canceled or postponed again, although organizers say another postponement is not an option.

Japan certainly does not relish the possibility that the opportunity to celebrate victory over COVID-19 may fall to Beijing, the host of next year's Winter Games.

Athletes, meanwhile, continue to train for the Summer Games as they await clarification from the organizers and the IOC.

"We have not received any information suggesting the Games will not happen as planned," the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee said in a tweet, "and our focus remains on the health and preparedness of Team USA athletes ahead of the Games this summer."
Chie Kobayashi in Tokyo contributed to this report.

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Japan Tries To Remain Optimistic As COVID-19 Threatens To Cancel Tokyo Olympics

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Japanese officials are swatting away rumors and reports that the government has concluded that, with the Tokyo Olympics 151 days away and much of the country in a COVID-19 state of emergency, the games cannot be held.