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-Inhalers are mostly used for patients suffering from asthma as is directly targets the lungs compared to when to
take oral drugs.
- Inhalers also have a fast onset of action ( 15 mins)

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- traditionally, inhalation product are used to treat respiratory issues. however, scientist are finding new ways for the inhalation product to treat places other than respiratory areas.
-  there is poor deposition when the drugs are being inhaled into the lungs

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- Delivery of the drug by inhalation route has been sub-optimal
- Only a small percentage of drug is being absorbed into the systemic circulation

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There are 2 kinds of inhaler drugs; controller and reliever.
Controller drugs usually has a longer onset time of action whereas reliever drugs has a shorter onset time of action

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For inhalers to reach the optimum therapeutic effect, accurate dose delivery is critical.

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Inhalation products are usually used to deliver drugs to the lung for local action to be absorbed and transported to the rest of the body

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There are challenges for this inhalation route due to poor deposition of the drug in the lung which is unacceptable. There is accurate dose delivery with parenteral route but not inhalation.

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inhalers can be used to deliver drugs directly to the lungs (localized effect)

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The side effect caused by drug administered through inhaler is minimum, due to little amount of the drug not being absorbed in the systemic circulation

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What can be done to prevent agglomeration of the drug particles under  high humidity?
How can bioavailability of inhaled drugs be improved?

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inhaler drugs can be categorized into relievers (short-acting) and controllers (long-acting) for the pharmacologic treatment for asthma

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types of inhaler is turbuhaler, metered dose inhaler, accuhaler

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Inhaler drugs can avoid first pass metabolism and affect directly onto the target area (lungs).
No or v little first pass metabolism = less side effects = more better for patient
Controller (for prolonged use and prevention)  and reliever (fast onset of action) drug inhalers available

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reliever inhalers are used to relief quick asthma attacks while controllers are used to prevent asthma attacks.

If a drug is more lipophilic, it would be absorbed better.

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Inhalers are used for respiratory conditions such as asthma.
There are relievers and controllers. They have different onset of action.

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Inhalation route was considered sub-optimal
Drug can either be delivered through the mouth or via nasal route

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Inhalers are the simplest medical devices that used to deliver medication into respiratory tract (mainly lungs) via breathing process. This type of drug delivery has rapid onset of action (can be 2 mins to 15 mins)

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Inhaler is used for a fast onset in which the lungs are the target instead of taking the medication orally which might take a longer time, this is bad for people with asthma attack.

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Why is the particle size of the drug in an inhaler important?

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Is inhalation more advantageous than parenteral and oral ? Why cant we use parenteral route of administration to replace inhalation ?

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Inhaler is localized route of administration that mainly target the lung , Inhaler with the lower side effect as the optimum dose goes to the target site and minimum dose reach the systemic circulation.

What is the desired properties of the inhalation medication?

There are different type of inhaler device in market .

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Different Types of drugs used in the Inhalers works for different purposes. (Example: Long-Acting vs Short-Acting Beta-Agonist)

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Inhalers can deliver drugs directly into the lungs to provide local action, or be absorbed through certain areas of the body to be distributed throughout the body providing systemic action.

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Formulation and Factors influencing Respiratory Drug Delivery

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Formulation and Factors influencing Respiratory Drug Delivery

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how does the particle size play a role in different inhalers and what are other factors which play a part in the quality of the inhalers