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The period between 1206 AD and 1526 AD in Indian History is known as Delhi Sultanate.
During this period of over 300 years, five dynasties ruled over Delhi.

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EXTENT OF EMPIRES OF THE DELHI SULTANATE

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EXTENT OF EMPIRES OF THE DELHI SULTANATE

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( 1206-90 CE)

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QUTUBUDDIN AIBEK                 ( 1206-10 CE)                                                                

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QUTUBUDDIN AIBEK                 ( 1206-10 CE)                                                                

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Ghori did not have any children and hence, he put his territories under his trusted slave and general, Qutubuddin Aibek. Aibek founded the Slave or Mamluk Dynasty as most of the rulers of his dynasty were slaves or children of slaves.
He built Qutub Minar and Quwwat-ul-Islam mosqu e in Delhi and also built a mosque known as 'Dhai Din Ka Jhopra'.
Aibek died in 1210 CE.

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SHAMS UD- DIN ILTUTMISH  (1210-36 CE)         

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SHAMS UD- DIN ILTUTMISH  (1210-36 CE)         

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Iltutmish made Delhi his capital and defeated Yaldoz of Ghazni and Qubecha of Sindh and Multan. He organised a group of 40 Turkish nobles known as CHALIHA . He divided his empire into IQTAS for effective administration. Each Iqta was under the control of an official called 'Iqtadar' and this system was called the 'Iqtadar System'
He introduced silver coins, Tanka and copper coins, Jital.
He had no faith in his sons' capicity to rule. So, he nominated his daughter, Razia Khan as his successor.

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Razia was the first and last muslim lady ruler during the medieval period. She was an able administrator. She used to dress up like a man while going on military expeditions.
She was killed in a battle in 1240 CE.

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Razia Sultan: The First and The Last Woman Ruler of Delhi Sultanate | Feminism In India

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(1266-86 CE)
Ghiyasuddin Balban was a turkish chief and his real name was Ulugh Khan.
He was a strong and capable ruler. He ended the 40 Turkish nobles to consolidate his position. His darbar was very disciplined and he believed in complete juice. He nver spared am wrong doer. Nobody could even laugh or talk wiithout his permission and if did so, Balban would give him severe punishments. Balban, being a strict disciplinarian, recommended simple living.
Balban died in 1286 CE.

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ESTABLISHMENT OF KHILJI DYNASTY IN 1290 CE.

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ESTABLISHMENT OF KHILJI DYNASTY IN 1290 CE.

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(1290 CE-1320 CE)

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(1290-96 CE)
He killed the last two successors of Balban and captured the throne. He was the founder of Khilji Dynasty in 1290 CE.
He was assisted by his nephew, Ala-ud-din on military expeditions.
He was murdered by his nephew, Ala-ud-din and the the throne was cssptured by him in 1296 CE.

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(1296-1316 CE)
Alal-ud-din Khaji was a brave and a skilled administrator. Like Alexander, he wanted to conquer the whole world.  He was the most ambitious Khilji ruler.
He capptured many areas in the North and South. He kept full records of his soldiers (Hulia and Dag) and they were paid in cash.
He was the first ruler not tolerating religious leaders' interfernces in administration. He is notable for many economic reforms which are even followed even today. Example-
The M.R.P (Maximum Retail Price) of goods and grain storage and rationing system was introduced by Alal-ud-din Khilji.
He also reformed the revenue system.
Land revenue was fixed as per the size of the holding.
He introduced low price control and thus, everyone were able to get things at low prices.
Unfortunately, the life of Hindus was miserable....
Ala-ud-din ruled for 20 years and died in 1316. His successors could survive only upto 1320 CE. Khusro was the last ruler of Khalji Dynasty but he was defeated and murdered by Ghazi Malik who took the name of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq and became the sultan in 1320 CE.

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After Ala-ud-din, there was an immense power struggle and the TUGHLAQ family took over the control of Dehi  Sultanate in 1320 CE and lasetd till 1412 CE. This was the beginning of Tughlaq Dynasty. 

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After Ala-ud-din, there was an immense power struggle and the TUGHLAQ family took over the control of Dehi  Sultanate in 1320 CE and lasetd till 1412 CE. This was the beginning of Tughlaq Dynasty. 

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(1320-1412 CE)

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The Tughluq Dynasty (1320-1414) Case Study class-7

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(1320-25 CE)
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder of Tughlaq Dynasty. He was a great warrior and an able administartor who brought together the Sultnate and restored peace and order. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was a kind ruler and he even withdrew some of taxes imposed on the peasants.
He died in an accident in 1325 CE.

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It is known that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq's death was a result of the conspirancy of his son, Juna Khan to capture the throne.
Juna Khan took the name of Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq and became the sultan. He shifted his capital from Delhi to Devgiri to avoid attacks of Mongols and to exercise better control of the Deccan but it caused hardships..
He opposed the interference of Ulemas in the sate matters.
After a few years, he again oredered a retreat, causing more hardships and thus, Delhi became the capital again.
He wanted to increase his miltary power and most of his projects failed.
Muhammad Tughlaq was harsh and liberal and during his last days, he faced may rebellions as well.

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(1351-88 CE)

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Feroz Shah Tughlaq: The Last (almost) Tughlaq

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BAHLOL LODI
(1451-89 CE)

Bahlol Lodi was the founder of the Lodi Dynasty. He was a religious person and never sat on the throne. His rule extended from Punjab to some parts of Bihar.
SIKANDER LODI (1489-1457 CE)
Sikander Lodi became the sultan in 1489 CE. He was generous towards the Muslims and Ulemas but his policy was very harsh and tolerant towards Hindus. He made Agra his capital.
IBRAHIM LODI (1517-26 CE)
Ibrahim Lodi became the sultan in 1517 CE after succeeding his father. He was an intelligent, able and a brave ruler. He replaced the old military men with young and brave officers. Ibrahim Lodi was killed in the battle of Panipat in 1526 CE.

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THE END OF DELHI SULTANATE AND BEGINNING OF MUGHAL EMPIRE IN INDIA

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THE END OF DELHI SULTANATE AND BEGINNING OF MUGHAL EMPIRE IN INDIA