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- worked at Mr Marshall's factory at Shrewsbury
- children were touched by the overlookers if drowsy and told to "come here"
- boys' legs were dipped in cistern before being sent back to work

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common food: canned oat cake
breakfast and supper
dinner: potato pie and boiled bacon (too thick)
no tea or butter and only saw cheese and brown bread and 3 meals
5 in the morning nine at night

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- Children to forced to work and were punished for refusing.
- Many children grew up crippled as their injuries were overlooked.

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- factory owners should reduce the hours of daily work
- legislative interference between master and man - between parent and child is disliked.

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- Worked in a mill
- They worked as long as there was daylight
- There were no clocks inside the workhouse
- Watches were not permitted
- A man who did bring a watch once had it confiscated by the supervisor

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- interviewed on 6th june 1832

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William Dodd, A Narrative of a Factory Cripple, 1841

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- Breakfast and supper were simple inexpensive foods (canned oatcake and boiled milk)
- Dinner was a potato pie with boiled bacon
- Most food was covered in fat so it could barely be eaten
- No teabreaks
- Foods like cheese/bread were scarce (annually)
- 3 meals a day, 5-9 working conditions

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An interview of Sarah carpenter, about the food and drink given to workers in factories, and working hours, by the Ashton Chronicle on 23 June 1849

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James Patterson was interviewed by Micheal Sadler's Parliamentary Committee, on 30 June 1832
primary source
literary
during the industrial revolution at the height of child labor

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- sector from The History of the Cotton Manufacture (book)
- produced in 1835
- author is Edward Baines
- primary source because it was published during the Industrial Revolution
- book is from Great Britain

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this source is written from the perspective of Jonathan Down, the perspective a child labourer in the factories of Shrewsbury

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This is from the POV of a sad and hungry Victorian child that has not had butter nor tea in a long time

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- Worked for long undetermined hours
- No clocks inside the mills
- Only officials carried watches
- Operatives who carried watches had them taken

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just cop
no opinions or beliefes are evident in the source
how he was injured was missing
objective
just cop

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- interviewing Sarah Carpenter so it was from the perspective of her and how she felt she was being treated by others during the Industrial Revolution
- there could be opinions from other workers added in to make this source more reliable
- subjective because it is all opinionative
- it is based on personal feelings, tastes and/or opinions only
- there is not factual evidence provided

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- the source is more objective than subjective as it communicates about other people's experiences and views rather than the author's.
- Author disagrees with punishments.

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- source was created to explain to others who may be interested in the life back in the Industrial Revolution
- documents an event and gives an opinion on how someone felt working at Mr Braid's Mill at Duntruin
- source is biased because it only consists of the opinion of one person and not several others who worked at that particular place

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speech for house of commons
source is biased because ඞඞඞඞඞඞඞඞ

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The motive for the creation of this source is the education of the public and the reader about the abhorrent treatment and conditions of child labourers, also used to sway in favour of the child labourers so it could be argued that the source is biased against the factory owners

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- it was created to show Sarah carpenter's experience with food in the Industrial Revolution
- the source is objective
- the source is mostly not bias as it doesn't contain her opinion, just the facts!

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- Recount the effects of working in the factories (bone marrow completely dissolved from the bone, 12inch wrist, weak joints)
- The source is biased towards the workers (opinion of the worker as the one who is injured while a master might have different opinions)

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as it was an interview it was created to inform others as well as persuading the reader into thinking that child labour is bad

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the general public and the reader of the Chronicle or newspaper reading the Saturday edition.

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newspaper readers
infomartional pruposes
become informed with new infromation

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- interview
- people who wanted to know what it was like working at a Mill in the Industrial Revolution.
- unemployed people looking for a job would view the source

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- directed to be people who want to enhance their learning about the diseases people experienced
- person who was injured was writing to indicate information to doctors or even document events for themselves

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- Families of those working in the mills
- They would have heard this source via William Bolling's speech in the House of Commons
- The information had the intended purpose to persuade them to believe that the factory conditions were necessary and shouldn't be changed
- "Let the parents of factory children know that diminishing (reducing) the hours of daily toil (work) must diminsh the amount of weekly pay."
- "I dislike all cases of legislative interference between master and man - between parent and child"

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The intended audience is people who wanted to read and learn about the 'History of the Cotton Manufacture'. This passage would have been read by wealthier citizens with access to books/libraries.

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The source is most likely reliable as it was a government conducted interview for the parliamentary committee. This source is most likely credible as it would have to predominately accurate in order to stand u[p under scrutiny. the author of the interview is unknown however we know of the interviewee and they are most likely to be trusted about their experiences.

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。　　•　 　ﾟ。・・・・・.・・.
.　.　　　 .　　　　・。　。.
.　　 。　 ඞ 。　 . •
• I told you I was not an Impostor •.
.•     °     .      °    °    °   °
.    1 Impostor remains       °

ﾟ    .     °   •      •    °.
reliable source
other sources can validiate information
edward baines, unknwonw background
source is credible and has accurate historiacl info
doesnt fill an agenda

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this source is quite reliable as there as many other sources to back up what this source is stating.

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- reliable because it was speech presented in 1836, during the Industrial Revolution (primary source)
- place where speech took place was the House of Commons (place where politicians work), makes source more reliable because of place were it took place
- William Bolling doesn't represent the poor so it doesn't become extremely reliable as other opinions could be included

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- A perspective interviewed by Parliamentary Committee
- Other sources can validate information like having an iron cistern
- Parliamentary background provides validity
- The source is fairly reliable as it is a government report but the actual story comes from Jonathan Downe
- It contains historical information that can be validated by other stories

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C & P- a narrative written about a factory workers pov during the IR
O - narrative written in 1841 a year after the IR
M -

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-Long term effects (still effecting people to this day)

-took 6-7 weeks to write

-Affected Most of the world

The long-term effects of The Communist Manifesto were the proliferation of movements centered around the concept of the proletariat.

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Construction of the SS Great Eastern - Sophie and Charlotte

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Construction of the SS Great Eastern - Sophie and Charlotte

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The construction of the SS Great Eastern ship was an ambitious project which would hopefully result in the providence of a ship that could travel all the way to Australia or the Far East. In 1852, they began to build it but didn't realise how much of a struggle it would be with a series of accidents involving the death of six workers. After the ship was complete there wasn't any reassurance that it would conduct the job it was built for.

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People’s lives were deeply affected by communism because you have no control over your own live, your almost like a robot to the government and the leader tells everyone what to do and you must obey whether their request is good or bad. A good example of communism is Russia and Ukraine war happening now. Russians are being forced to fight in the war (even if they don’t want to) by their leader.

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The communist manifesto is very important to our present lives. Communism still exists today and is prominent in the current climate where a 'communist' nation is choosing to attack a much smaller country, injuring and killing many innocent civilians. A prime example of war crimes, something that could be justified by the Manifesto.

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The irish famine was very significant to the people of Ireland in the early 1740s, however since it no longer exists it doesn't effect use. the famin resulted in cold and dry weather over many years, which was so extreme that crops ied ehich caused 2.4 million people to die from starvation.

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The Irish Famine heavily affected the people of Ireland in 1740-1741. It was important to people at the time because the weather was extremely cold and dry resulting in food loses making people severely ill. The famine was estimated that 300000 – 480000 people were killed in Ireland.

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The passing of the poor law and its effects on the people of the time.

The poor law was a significant negative impact upon the poor people and the working class of England. This law impacted many of the people inside Britain, however it was not such a significant change outside of England, as other countries were not affected by it. The Poor Law was significant for the working class and factory workers of England as it cut off supplementary or subsidiary payments for able bodied workers, a vital supply for many families experiencing poverty at the time. This was a significant factor in influencing the upward trend in crime rates and the extent of poverty in the factor workers of IR England. Such an increase in crime was not an overly large effect upon the poor as they were the ones committing the crimes against each other. However, because the poor now had such little income and objects of value there was almost nothing to steal, yet this did not mean that it didn’t impact the criminals. Because laws upon those in poverty and criminals were so harsh criminals were often either sentenced to death or sent off to colonies to live out their days as forced labourers. So, through this we can see that it was a major change upon their lifestyles and can even be linked to our lives today, as australia would not be the same without its colonisation of convicts to start the country. Even thought the extent and significance of the impact of the poor law are not clearly visible today, this does not mean it was not a significant change and did not lead to many of our societal structures today. In summary the poor law can be ranked a 3.75-4.25 in significance, as it greatly effected a vast majority of people within Britain and lead to many eventual changes in opinion and can subsequently be linked to the colonisation of australia.

Benjamin White

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Western Front:

Australia’s participation in the Gallipoli Campaign has become part of its national identity and shown its significance to Australia’s coming of age as a nation. Gallipoli freed Australia from the self-doubt about whether it had the determination to be its own nation and become an individual. World War l symbolises all the men and women who served Australia which was another aspect in which the campaign helped in shaping our country to be who we are today. Australian military actions contributed to the Anzac legend as the soldiers displayed great courage, initiative, discipline and mateship which all reflect upon Anzac spirit. On July 23rd, Australia’s involvement at Somme began as the 1st Division of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) participated in an attack alongside British troops on German positions at Pozieres, a French village. Not long after, under machine gun fire and artillery barrages, men could only inch forward. The Australians managed to capture the village where they subjected to relentless artillery bombardment that reduced the village to rubble and inflicted a heavy toll among the allied troops. They pushed through the hardships ahead and although they didn’t come out on top, their actions were the main reason the Anzac legend was truly cemented.

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I believe that the Australian Anzacs did demonstrate all of the values that we hold dear to our county and our military as these men and women sacrificed their lives and possibly their families lies to fight for our country and be in the army. The Anzacs values mean many things, it mean courage, having faith and most of all being reliant and facing all of what life throws at you no matter how hard or difficult. The ANZACS showed France and Belgium what being Australian means and to never give up. We as Australians still honor these vales and beliefs today by commemorating all of the young lives lost and how much they gave up for us to have a future. Meaning that both fights the Western Front and Gallipoli mean what it is it be an Anzac as well as an Australian. Lest we forget.
-Eliza

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Australia’s identity was first formed in Gallipoli where they were deployed to assist a British naval operation which aimed to force the Dardanelles Strait and capture the Turkish capital, Constantinople. The Anzac legend was born on 25 April 1915 and was reaffirmed in eight months' fighting on Gallipoli. There were 16,000 Australian and New Zealand soldiers who landed and fought in Gallipoli. Although there was no military victory, the Australians displayed courage, discipline, mateship, endurance, and initiative. These qualities came to be seen as the Anzac spirit. The Anzac legend (or Anzac Spirit) is a theory which implies that Australian and New Zealand soldiers possess shared characteristics, specifically the traits the soldiers demonstrated on the World War 1 battlefields. Over 295,000 Australians served on the Western Front. While serving on the Western Front, 55 Australians were awarded the Victoria Cross , the highest award for acts of bravery in wartime. 752 soldiers were killed in Gallipoli, whereas 46,000 were killed on the Western Front. The Anzacs proved themselves in Gallipoli and on the Western Front, which therefore started the Anzac Legend.

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Western Front:

The Anzac legend was born on April 25, 1915 and was reaffirmed in eight months of fighting on Gallipoli. Despite the lack of a military victory, the Australians demonstrated great bravery, resilience, initiative, discipline, and camaraderie. Such characteristics came to be known as the Anzac divinity. During World War I, the Western Front, a 400-plus mile stretch of land that ran through France and Belgium from the Swiss border to the North Sea with over 295,000 Australians served, was the decisive facade. The Anzac spirit developed through the sacrifice within each individual solider who contributed to the War. The attack on Fromelles on July 19, 1916, was Australia's first major battle on the Western Front. It was a ruse intended to keep the Germans from perpetuating their troops on the Somme, where the Allies had launched a major offensive on July 1. when more Australians served on the Western Front in Europe from 1916 to 1918, the focus was on the Gallipoli Campaign. Just after the Gallipoli Campaign, Australian soldiers and airmen fought in all of Britain's major campaigns on the Western Front. Fromelles, the Somme, Bullecourt, Messines, Passchendaele, Villers-Bretonneux, Hamel, Amiens, and Mont St Quentin are just a few of the battles that have become household names in Australia. The role of the ANZAC troops was critical: they were to land at Ari Burnu on the peninsula's southern tip before pushing inland. They were to capture a series of ridges before driving all the way to the peninsula's tip at Cape Helles, where the main British landings would take place. The aim of the deployment of WW1 was to assist and serve the British naval operation which was successful accomplished in the spirit of the Anzacs.

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The Anzac legend was created on the 25th of April 1915 after 8 months of fighting in Gallipoli. The Australians represented an extensive amount of bravery and discipline, which intern created the Anzac legend. the force landed on a narrow front, having to scale steep ground with little understanding of the area. They travelled 1.6km north after the beach landing, gradually heading inland under an increasing number of Turkish defenders. The Anzac legend provides/ provided an inspiration for others then and now. The great bravery and discipline, therefor the beginning of the now known Anzac legend.
- Amara

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The ANZAC legend was born on 25 April 1915, it represented Australian and New Zealand soldiers who had such qualities like courage, endurance, initiative, discipline, and mateship. In the early 1916’s, many Australians still wanted to fight in the war despite the enormous number of deaths and casualties at Gallipoli. These men were encouraged by the feats of strength and courage that the ANZACs had shown while fighting at Gallipoli. In the Battle of Pozieres, the AIF participated in an attack alongside the British troops. The attack was successful as they were able to drive the Germans from the French village. The ANZAC legend was developed further as the AIF remained at Pozieres for six weeks fighting till the end.

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Australian and New Zealand Army Corps known as ANZAC, is a public holiday/day to commemorate the lives of Australians who died in War. The Anzac legends qualities are recognised by having endurance, courage, mateship, and ingenuity. Although, the actions on the Western Front truly show the legend rather than the war in Gallipoli. The Anzac legend was created in Gallipoli on the 25th of April 1915, by reaffirming in eight months fighting there. Even though they did not win victory, the Anzacs displayed great qualities throughout the time. While the Anzacs at the Western Front try cemented the Anzac legend, as there were many men and women who suffered more and how they risked their lives more even when they already suffered the first time in Gallipoli. There is evidence that the attack on the Western Front has more significance than Gallipoli, by staying there for around 2 years and had more people serving in that war rather than the people in Gallipoli serving less and the war lasted earlier as well. Overall, the Anzac legend is seen through the battles on the Western Front rather than the attacks in Gallipoli seen with lots of evidence.

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The ANZAC legend stems directly from the battle at Gallipoli on April 25, 1915, and has been historically reinforced by their continued heroic responses and involvement in war. For example, in the battle of Somme, the AIF and ANZAC soldiers fought alongside British troops against the Germans, who had been stationed in France for 2 years, giving them a clear upper hand in terms of relationship with the land and strategy. On the first day, they lost nearly 20,000 soldiers and 40,000 casualties. On the 23rd of July, the soldiers became officially involved and fought for six weeks with 9 separate attacks and 3 divisions. Even though this battle wasn’t as large as the battle of Gallipoli, it still contributes and is as memorable of a battle as Gallipoli.

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Anzac legend born in April 25 1915, in Gallipoli. Anzac's fighting showed qualities like courage, leadership, bravery, initiative and many others.

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The legend of Anzac was born on 25 April 1915, and was reaffirmed in eight months' fighting on Gallipoli. Although there was no military victory, the Australians displayed great courage, endurance, initiative, discipline, and mateship. Such qualities came to be seen as the Anzac spirit.

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The actions of the ANZAC soldiers in the Western Front helped cement the ANZAC legend. Despite the losses at battles such as the battle at Fromelles, the ANZACs showed courage and determination to defeat the Germans and win the war. There were thousands of Australian injuries and deaths at the Western Front, but that does not mean that the ANZACs are undeserving of being remembered as brave people who fought in the first world war. Though many battles ended as losses, the bravery and enthusiasm of the ANZAC soldiers at the Western Front was what truly cemented the ANZAC legend.

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The Anzac legend was brought into the world on 25 April 1915, when approximately 20,000 warriors of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps arrived enduring an onslaught on the shores of Gallipoli, in current Turkey. They were essential for a quickly arranged series of arrivals by a British Empire Force of 75,000 soldiers from Britain, Ireland and India, and troops from France and her territories. From this the Anzac spirit was born   and  it is a concept which suggest that Australian and New Zealand soldiers posses shared characteristics, specifically the qualities those soldiers allegedly exemplified on the battlefields of World War I.  Craig   

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The Anzac legend was brought into the world on 25 April 1915, when approximately 20,000 warriors of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps arrived enduring an onslaught on the shores of Gallipoli, in current Turkey. They were essential for a quickly arranged series of arrivals by a British Empire Force of 75,000 soldiers from Britain, Ireland and India, and troops from France and her territories. From this the Anzac spirit was born   and  it is a concept which suggest that Australian and New Zealand soldiers posses shared characteristics, specifically the qualities those soldiers allegedly exemplified on the battlefields of World War I.  Craig   

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The Anzac legend first started in the attempted landing at Gallipoli and further cemented at the battles on the western front. An 8 month, hastily planned campaign mostly spurred on through propaganda and tales of bravery, courage, skill, and camaraderie lead to the deaths of thousands of young Australian soldiers and the creation of the Anzac spirit. The Anzac spirit refers to how Australians are represented in war and was further shown and fully cemented on the western front and the battle of the Fromelles in particular. The Fromelles was considered the worst military operation in Australian history and the single greatest loss by a single division in 24 hours in the entire first world war. The battle of the Fromelles was meant to be a diversionary attack to prevent Germans from reinforcing their troops but the combined Australian and British troops were spotted and shelled before the attack event started and were easy targets for the German machineguns.