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We can focus more on mental health and the representation of both girls and boys in different subjects. The curriculum should be more interest based and favor both girls and boys.

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What steps can teachers take to help fix the divide and create a more equal and productive environment for both boys and girls?

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Girls struggle due to the lack of role models and confidence. Gender and societal norms believe women should strive in literature and men should strive in stem. There is less representation for women in stem.

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Boys are seen to struggle in school due to the gender biases that schools hold. Boys are more likely to fail and be pushed back because they can be less likely to reach out for help, lack resources, and care more about the views of their friends thinking they are 'cool'.

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Studies have shown that women tend to perform better in schools they are not expected to join STEM jobs. Even their parents do not expect them to be part of STEM fields. This is mainly because of gender roles that are instilled in our society since the beginning of times. From the beginning of time women were made to take care of the children and teach the kids while men went on out and worked more heavy duty jobs. As a result of us still sticking to this mindset there is not as much women working in STEM fields and not as many role models for younger girls.          

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Studies have shown that women tend to perform better in schools they are not expected to join STEM jobs. Even their parents do not expect them to be part of STEM fields. This is mainly because of gender roles that are instilled in our society since the beginning of times. From the beginning of time women were made to take care of the children and teach the kids while men went on out and worked more heavy duty jobs. As a result of us still sticking to this mindset there is not as much women working in STEM fields and not as many role models for younger girls.          

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Boys tend to struggle more in school because they play this tough, nonchalant act. Which cause them to have this negative attitude towards school and make them put less of an effort in their work. Boys are more focused on video games and downloading content, than actually doing school work.

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To improve these problems we could make lessons more engaging in school so that both genders could participate and we could stop forcing people to live up to these gender standards or norms.

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When will this idea of being a “man” and “women” stop?

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Larger portion of girls than boys aspire to have a higher status occupation. Differences in ambition among students across countries can be attributed to several factors, including family background, academic performance, labor-market conditions and the features of national education systems. Boys tend to start working whenever they have a chance, in order to gain money, instead of taking time in education for higher status occupations.

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“They are just being boys” holds a lot of negative connotations, especially in the classroom. It stated in chapter 2  that the stereotype that boys should not be interested in school and that they should believe that school is not ‘cool’,  places a lot of pressure on them to feel that they have to act a certain way for the sake of their peers. This can greatly impact their academic achievement.

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1. Make school more entertaining for children to increase their intrinsic motivation to go to school.

2. We have to eliminate stereotypes associated with gender.

3. Teacher language in the classroom is very important. It was stated in the reading that boys are more likely to be disruptive in the classroom as opposed to girls. The teacher’s responses to the child will greatly affect the child’s performance.

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How can we eradicate the gender gap?
How can we prepare students equally, to apply for jobs?
What will our economy look like if this gender gap is gone?

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One way that girls struggle more due to sexist beliefs is that they are pushed into certain fields like teaching and nursing, as those are seen as more appropriate in the eyes of people and society. When women are in mainly male-dominated fields, they tend to face more discrimination. Women are also encouraged to stay at home when they have children as that is the “right thing” to do.

Another way that women struggle due to sexist beliefs is with dress codes. Girls start getting shamed from a very young age to dress a certain way and are told by people who probably shouldn’t even be looking at them that they are dressing inappropriately. Men don’t face the same criticism with the way they dress. If girls are told what they're wearing comes before their education, how will they focus on their education?

Lastly, girls seem to lack confidence when it comes to subjects like math and aren’t encouraged to do better in those topics as they are usually discouraged from pursuing careers in Math/STEM in the future.

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To improve the gender inequalities one thing that can be done is lessening the use of gendered language in the classroom, like “Boys quiet down” or “Girls stop chatting”. When this kind of language is used often, it might make children focus on the fact that there is a difference between them when that isn’t true.
Another thing that can be done to improve the problems is to avoid using the phrase “like a girl” as an insult. For example “You throw like a girl”, makes girls think that throwing like a girl or doing things like a girl isn’t good enough or a good way to do things.
Another thing is to encourage students to pursue all careers and classes without gendering careers as jobs done by women or jobs done mainly by men. We should have different guest speakers talk in classrooms about their careers (women in the STEM field, men in teaching, etc.).

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How can we work on improving the lack of self-confidence seen in girls regarding subjects like math and science?

How can teachers work on overcoming the gender inequalities seen in their classrooms?

There are some countries that have fewer gender inequalities seen in schools, what are some things they are doing to have those results? Can those things be duplicated in America?

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Now that we have remote learning and if students continued to do remote learning, how would the statistics change for students’ attitudes towards school?

Aside from gender, how do we fix the achievement gap?

What will our economy look like in a few decades if the gender gap is not fixed?

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I would ask how much of the difference in boys and girls in schooling is  women biologically maturing faster, and how much of it is structural. Is this neurological difference something that we must work around, or something that manifests itself because of the way that young men and women are cultured to behave? classic nature vs nurture.

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It seems that while women preform better overall in school, and are more likely to succeed in graduating from all levels of schooling, they are shoehorned into picking certain fields that culturally fit into the gendered-role they are thought to be better suited for. Thus, they are underrepresented in many of the highest paying majors, setting them up to be less likely to be high earners in society.

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It seems like, based on the Homework, the classroom setting often found in OECD Countries is far less captivating to men than to women. The report explained that when boys are offered more tangible, real-world settings in which they could learn, they tended to preform far better. Thus, for some reason, the average man is less likely to find school interesting or captivating, leading to a school structure that leaves them behind.

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We should find ways to present jobs and classes as neutral. So when a girl wants to go into a job that tends to be a "manly job" she won't be discouraged. If schools present things a certain way it can alter peoples perception.

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1. How long will it actually take to break these "norms" or beliefs that hold back certain genders.
2. Will we ever fully be able to eliminate a gender gap when it comes to education?

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Girls tend to struggle more due to sexist beliefs when it comes down to confidence. They feel inferior to boys in class, and according to the strike its specifically in the math and science field. A common toxic mindset is one being that women stay home while men work, and as times are changing more women are tending to get into STEM. Although just the belief that women don't belong or aren't as good at math and science causes doubt in girls minds which is not fair.

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Boys struggle due to this sort of standard they must live up to. They are expected to be "men". To be strong and not show emotion and take the lead. As humans we are not wired to live up to this gender norm. People have emotions and are built differently so when a boy is emotional or not playing sports, he is considered "less manly". Growing up for some boys it must be very difficult because they have to fit into this social construct of being strong and behaving like a boy. They also mentally are less mature than girls when growing up, their attention spans are shorter and some tend do not do as well. Women tend to do better academically while males tend to work kinesthetically. Many boys tend to go to some sort of trade school while girls are better when it comes to academics. Obviously not all the time.

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Boys tend to go to trade school
May have low attention spans
Can't or aren't interested in sitting in a traditional classroom setting
Want to go into the work force straight out of high school.

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In education, children should be taught from an early age to respect all people and things. Teach children not to look at other people with strange eyes. Parents should respect their children's choices and listen to their hearts. Even if they have opinions, they should express them as if they are talking to friends, instead of forcing their children to do what they don't want to do.

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All people are equal, why do they think that boys are better than girls? There are times when girls are very confident, and there are times when girls are better than boys, why not admit some facts?

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We can improve these problems by having boys and girls to choose in whatever job they would like to work in regardless if the job looks as if its only built for a man or looks like what a woman can only do. We can all have equal opportunities, and it shouldn’t matter what a man is only good at doing or only what a female is good at doing based on that job. Every gender can and should be able to have the ability to do what they choose.

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In life, it is generally believed that men are better than boys in all fields. Everyone imperceptibly believes that the abilities of girls are below that of boys. So as to force boys to compete but girls to give up.

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1. Which issue is more urgent: gender gap or integrating school?
2. Is education really the only element that create gender gap in their performance of school?
3. Is there further problem that emerge due to gender gap shown in school and their grade?

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Girls struggle more due to sexist beliefs, thinking that are less better than the boys in class. Their lack of confident and pressure make them perform worse than the boys, but because of this, they are more motivated in attending classes and hope to get better. However, some might just give up working hard thinking that how they are, how they will never catch up to the boys or to the expectations from the adults.

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When it comes to boys they can struggle more in school and “are significantly more likely than young women to have low levels of skills and poor academic achievement, and are more likely to leave school early, often with no qualifications.” While women are more likely to succeed and do better in education.

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This article explains a lot of sexism for us. From the boys' point of view, they must take on the "boy" side of things. The comparison with girls is that they give up because some things they like to do are not better than girls. In other words, I was forced to give up because I was discriminated against like girls. There is also a parent’s instruction to follow.

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I think one solution could be getting rid of stereotypes, norms and gender roles. In the text it stated “First, segregation suggests that there are impediments to choosing an occupation that are related to gender. Identifying and removing such impediments may improve efficiency in the transition from school to work, since then all students will feel encouraged to pursue studies in the field that interests them and in which they can fully express their potential. As a result, participation in the labour market will grow” (Anker, 1997)and this will produce economic growth.

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Girls struggle more than boys because of not believing in themselves as they should and a lack of confidence. It states in the article according to mathematics and science that “girls have less belief in their own abilities in mathematics and science, and are plagued with greater anxiety towards mathematics, than boys – even when they perform just as well as boys.” Girls can feel insecure about what they can do and because of gender disparities and what they say only men is good at and or what they can do best in will probably make a girl feel they can’t do it as great as boy can do.

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1. Who woke up and decided that men & women are so different outside of genetics?
2. What type of arguments vary between generations as to why the two are separate?
3. How much longer will people be concerned with other people’ business and not more worried about people living authentically?

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Girls presented in the article were being shown as not as confident as a boy in the area of science and math. When it came to math there was a difference of performance in girls favor by showing in some graphs that they were doing things that were harder even with there anxieties about moving higher in a mathematical sense. A women's role that is so stereotypical is when the man goes off to work to bring in money and the wife stays home and is very involves with the children, cooking and cleaning. All of these things are placed in young girls minds by stories of fairytales. One example is snow white she cooks and cleans for these seven grown men, she waits for them to come home after working.

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Emotionally, girls are becoming doubtful of themselves. There’s always a new standard for society to push and some women feel obligated to follow the new beauty standard. Society is very demanding when it comes to the “women’s role”.

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I think the high expectations for boys such as they have a high paying job because they need to financial support their families make boys go into fields that has a high salary even if they are not interested in that field. The society/parents want boys to go into certain fields such as engineering, manufacturing but they don't want them to go into nursing, teaching which is unfair to boys.

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Some questions I was thinking about:
Will the society that we live in continue to break the idea of gender?  How does this affect all of the people who are gender nonconforming?  Will we ever see the day where everyone can get paid equally no matter gender or race? Will there be a time where there is no society constructed idea of gender?

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Due to the difference in maturity rates and learning styles of each gender its surprising that their teaching methods do not also differ. As the reading states, ‘Education systems in most countries appear to be unable to develop learning environments, pedagogical practices and curricula that relate to and engage the interests and dispositions of many teenage boys’. With boys excess energy and short attentions spans I believe in the field learning environments may be beneficial. Girls on the other hand often times struggle with the self-confidence to pursue male dominated fields; sometimes second guessing themselves altogether. I believe having more successful female speakers and mentors from STEM related fields may boost the confidence of female students and show them that success is possible.

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I also believe men struggle due to sexist beliefs; sometimes worse than woman. Boys are often expected to excel in STEM related fields and any success in courses such as English, and creative arts can be overlooked as the fields are deemed feminine in nature. I feel that men are expected to put on tough faces and ‘be a man’. There are certain careers such as nursing and assisting that are seen as unfit for boys; many are facing harsh stereotypes that often times bring their masculinity into question.

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I believe that girls struggle more when it comes to STEM related careers due to the fact that engineering and mathematical jobs are seen as more of a male occupation. I have heard personal stories from girls in STEM discussing how their male peers have looked down on them and often times expected less due to their gender. I know another issue is the lack of respect women in STEM receive, often times being spoken over and disregarded in a classroom setting. Many examples can be found on youtube recorded zoom sessions. I believe that there is still a number of sexist individuals in STEM related fields that believe women belong in more nurturing fields such as nursing. Let’s not forget the number of times women are assumed to be nurses first in a hospital setting as opposed to doctors.

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Boys are forced to be a certain way because they are “men”. Their emotional health is in danger because they always have to hide how they truly fill. Also, they have to pretend to be confident and know everything which leaves minimal room for error.

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In the way of self-efficacy and concept , boys struggle due to sexist belief. They are confident and do no fear to make mistakes compare to the girls. The belief of being better and smarter make them less motivated then comparing to the girls who who have less confidence, think education is important. The doubts and lack of confident kept motivated in school in hope of getting better grades and do well. On the other hand, the boys who weren't scare of making mistakes help make their performance better (for example,) when ask to explain phenomena scientifically.

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The struggle that boys face in the article are in the view of mathematics and scientific ability. The article has talked about both genders either performing really well in one area then the opposite doing much better in the next one. Boys have been made to look like they are the ones who were stronger and more confident when it comes to doing things in the academic world. The example they had used is that when it came to applying the scientific understandings to a situation and when they were told to think like scientists there confidence had a boost when for women it had a decrees. Its not just in the classroom it can happen anywhere in life where a boy is stereotypically said to be stronger then a girl and how there was a serotype that a man provided for his family while the women stayed home with the children.

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Some questions that get raised for me are :
Will this ever stop? Will there ever be no distinction between man and woman other than their reproductive organs? Will there always be this divide between what a woman should do and what a man should do?

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I think in order to create actual change all the presumptions over who can do what occupation or who is good at what subject. I think that all needs to go out the window in order for us to see some real change in the statistics as well as change in real time. We should be seeing an equal number of each gender in each occupation. There are women who enjoy the jobs that are commonly “male dominated” just as there are men who enjoy the jobs that are commonly “female dominated.” I think once the assumptions stop and people don’t have this preconceived notion about who should be in what job, we will see change

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To improve sexism problems, I think it needs to start from a young age. If we nourish and/or don't prevent the future generations to have these beliefs it will be more difficult to change them in the future. However, that would take a while and not everyone would have these nonsexist beliefs. If we wanted a solution right now, there needs to be equal opportunities given in order to put everyone at the same level. For example, job opportunities should be given based on qualifications not gender. If there was a way to have unbiased picking that would be great, but it seems that everyone has some sort of bias, even if it is unconscious.

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Girls struggle more due to sexist beliefs in terms of having confidence in themselves. Insecurity, worrying about others judgment is a common problem most girls face. I believe the stereotypes, society beliefs and the gender roles that are stated makes it harder for girls to try new things and go in fields that are less common for girls such fields as mathematics, manufacturing, engineering, agriculture.

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What makes people think men are so superior? Where do stereotypes originate from? How can we vanish all these stereotypes? In the text, it stated "In 2012, 14% of boys and 9% of girls did not attain the PISA baseline level of proficiency in any of the three core subjects. The percentage of boys who failed to reach the baseline level of proficiency in any subject is worryingly high in many countries." When boys started falling behind, they got worried but when girls were behind they weren’t worried. Why can't everybody just be equal? in terms of having to learning, resources, jobs, positions, power, rights.

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In order to improve these problems I think we have to stop promoting stereotypes regarding career and life choices. For example in film we should see more than just one female doctor or one male teacher. We also have to make sure students realize the options they have revolving around their education and jobs.

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The questions I have are: How were all of these stereotypes decided? Who decided that STEM was a “mens” field and more creative and artsy majors are a “woman's” field? Are these countries shown in the article trying to fix the wage gap? Why do we not learn about preparing to apply for jobs in school? Who was the originator of the idea that “boys are better than girls”?

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Women have always been put down due to sexist beliefs. From the pink tax to the wage gap, girls are constantly put down so that men can rise higher. We see in the article that boys are more likely to have “acquired a set of skills that could help them to navigate the job-search process, to apply for a particular job, and to succeed in job interviews” (page 101). In schooling, boys are more likely to be in stem fields and girls are more likely to go into artsy and nurturing fields. The main reason I believe this is occurring is because of a lot of stereotypes revolving around boy's and girl's personalities and appearances. Boys are (according to stereotypes) supposed to be the money makers and the smart ones, while girls are supposed to be nurturers and caretakers. This shows how women are nurtured into being more “girly”. This causes girls to struggle with the idea of being considered a woman. From media to personal experiences, sometimes girls do not feel like they are enough. Some girls feel if they enjoy certain “girly” products or ideas, they are falling in line with what society expects of them. This can lead to a lot of internalized misogyny (which can lead to eating disorders, depression, and low self-esteem) because we believe that it is necessary to have a man's approval.

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Can we get the whole world to fall into place and actually close the majority go gender achievement gaps for both boys and girls? It is great that we are seeing progress, but how do we help students who are at a disadvantage because of both their gender and their socio-economic status?

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girls struggle in more ways than can be named due to sexist beliefs, but the article highlights girls' inability ro tell the difference psychologically between "I made a mistake" and "I am mistaken". There has always been the belief that "women belong at home", at one point in the article, it quoted, "if jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women." These are only a few of the disadvantages girls receive while receiving an education.

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They struggle when it comes to what their parents expect of them, and that can be made heavier with socio-economic status. For example in Chile 50% of parents expected their sons to have a STEM occupation. Which can be very stressful. Boys may be pressured to focus more on sports that academic skills, they may only maintain their progress.

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In the first chapter, it suggests that we should address gender segregation in career fields and pending career choices. It also says we should improve more if we invest more in education. But I am to really sure what was meant by more. I thibk that a way to address a majority of these problems is teaching children from the jump, that in a classroom everyone is seen as equal, and in the occupational and social settings everyone deserves and equal amount of respect.

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The article mentioned that "self confidence is a big factor that enables high-achieving students to reach potential and not fall under pressure". I think girls tend to be a lot more insecure about themselves because they fear all the judgments that would be made when they stand out. Therefore many don't like taking the chance to face the pressure society puts upon them because they lack n self confidence.

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The article's chapter presents us with many comparisons between the academics of boy and girls. Girls are more competitive, more motivated, and study harder compared to boys. Where as boys spend all their time on video games and sports. Showing that statistically speaking boys aren't as motivated as girls to do math, reading or science, disinterests them to find out if they do have it in them. I think boys struggle the most when we generalize the population and summarize that the majority of them are lazy. Even though we use technology a lot more than they were used in 2009, I still believe that their numbers don't go up due to the fact that it's easier to say boys choose video games and girls choose work because the mentality of "why should we try so hard" is in effect.

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The questions this article raises for me is would the countries with higher inequality rates be willing to adapt to a system that sets everyone to be more equal? I ask this because in some countries inequality exists because that is what they see as right. Some cultures believe women should be less superior than men, which explains the system they have built. Another question I have is what would society categorize men and women as if the percentages of gender in each education field were switched; men % for women, women% for men?

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The article talked about how girls tend to struggle more than men in regards to STEM and are also less likely to pursue a career in that field and I feel that this likely due to sexist beliefs perpetuated in society. There are many men and also women that feel like women should only play certain roles and perform certain jobs such as being a nurse, secretary, or a teacher and because of this I feel like more women just tend to follow the mold society makes for them and choose to go into these fields instead of doing something STEM related.

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The article made me wonder if theres a biological reasons girls are more interested and engaged in their education than boys, both of the sexes have different hormones which impact the way they behave so I wonder if that plays a role in how both sexes interpret education. Another question this raised for me is why are men typically paid more than women if the data shows women are more ambitious and do more in order to elevate themselves educationally.

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The data in the report demonstrated that boys tend to be less ambitious and confident in school compared to women, and I feel that in order to tackle this issue schools could implement more classes that cater to the interest of boys so they are actively engaged within class. Personally I believe that boys are less interested in their education because of how it is given, In most classes we just sit and listen to a teacher for the whole time and a young boy full of energy will find this type of class very boring but I believe if teachers had more interactive lessons than boys would be more engaged and interested.

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The data that was provided showed statistically the comparison between boys and girls academic perspective. It was made clear that boys are low achievers compared to girls. Girls are shown to do better in reading, math, and science and that is because they study more and spends less time on video games in both reports from 4 year periods. Even though the generations now revolve around technology the most, we can encourage students to take part in competitive events in which they are academically intrigued. In addition, we could set up alternative assignments that will excite students to participate and learn to their best ability which could be done in the style of a video game. If the issue is that boys are less interested in school, we can come up with ways to teach them in a way in which they won't see it as a chore but be an active participant in a study they like.

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What makes girls more competitive than boys? What can we do to stimulate motivation from both females and males that would have a greater impact on the male category? How can we encourage boys to have a similar competitive initiative in their learning? Since video games are seen as a positive attribution, is there a way that we can encourage boys who play video games to involve their winning video game techniques towards school? Because life revolves around technology, is there a way we can encourage students to learn their way around the computer, excluding video games?

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One thing the data discussed heavily is ambition, motivation, and confidence. If students are reminded of their potential they have greater goals. However, if we limit their options then they feel the need to follow the crowd. There are a few ways to improve confidence in the classroom and decrease the low probability in boys to improve after low scores. One way is making the classroom a comfortable environment for the students. That could mean signs that have positive quotes or articles that connect learning to student interests. If a student is not interested or motivated the probability of improvement is low. And there is no reason that a classroom should not have personality because not every student learns the same way. Not every solution has to be individual gender based but it can be based on each student having  equal potential.

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Countries such as Hong Kong and Australia have many data tables showing no gender differences. I wonder what this data reflects about their school system- is it an active promotion of an equal system? Has it always been this way? And in what ways can the other countries copy and paste theses school systems to ensure less inequality in their own countries?

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According to the report a large number of girls expectations of jobs have to do with nurturance oriented careers. These include nursing, veterinary medicine, childcare, midwifery, or psychology. These girls are steered away from fields such as engineering or commuting. No country has a greater number of girls thinking about either of those fields compared to boys. The fields associated with boys include law enforcement, sports, car mechanics, and cooking. If a girl was to be interested in engaging in one of these fields she would be questioned because it isn't the norm. Not only will she be questioned but if she enters the field it will be male-dominated and she may not be able to flourish if sexism occurs in the work place. Boys are also more likely to have acquired a set of skills to help job-search, applications, and job success which leaves girls to the internet for help.