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I

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Arrived!

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First attempt to synthesize the hydrazide linker.

Reaction gave a mixture of products, optimization needed.

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-We ran experiments on DI water, the signal obtained for Impedance is very unstable and non reproducible even using the same electrode and the same amount of solution.

-We need to test it with the electrochemical probe.

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We ran experiments on DI water, identified used and new electrodes.

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https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0013468616307381?token=19D09E6A4037F01D021E0FD3EFB9583316425A24B18935D7961963CB5C5568ADE85806E00383C7076B2FD32E0C9A996D&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210427133448

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yn9ypACptGI

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9j7PMgFmAq0

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Forum for the electrochemical process. Responses are quick and discussed in detail on every Thursday webinar at 8AM UK time.

https://www.dev.zimmerpeacock.com/members-webinars

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How do you want the application to look like. Add abstract ideas here.

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https://www.palmsens.com/product/oem-emstat-pico-development-kit/

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https://www.palmsens.com/software/ps-trace/

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Microfluidic devices from Zimmer and Peacock to spark some ideas:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIW-fQPsyyQ&t=19s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwOsOZQF4N0&t=7s

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Quentin: "You can still use gold nanoparticles to improve your signal. They can still be used to improve electron transfer and increase the specific surface area of your electrode (At the nanometric scale the surface / volume ratio is greater, hence the interest of materials at the nanometric scale). They use a similar process in the paper I attached"

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Quentin: It is important to prevent non-specific binding on the electrode surface. Otherwise, you might get a false signal.

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BSA solution could be used to block the electrode surface from non-specific binding.

BSA powder is in the lab, confirmed by Ehsan

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The linker is a molecule, in which, one part of the molecule binds to the electrode surface and the other part binds to the antibody. 

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The linker is a molecule, in which, one part of the molecule binds to the electrode surface and the other part binds to the antibody. 

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Linker Gold - Antibody: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1m_GG_4xkAsVrLlTqztFlHAbDm6v7LkK7/edit#slide=id.p1

Linker Carbon - Antibody: TODO

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwEe6jqBJ_4

Advantage: Cost effective, small in size, easy to manufacture in bulk.

Abdul:
* Possible to screen-print in the chem lab.
* For carbon electrodes, we would need carbon paste and then a mask with the electrode pattern.
* The pattern could be designed on CAD. The pattern could be designed by Abdul on behalf of SensUs.

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1. Carbon/Graphene
2. Gold
3. ITO - Special property - Optically transparent

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPnu8BdPL3w&t=1305s

All the Skeptics: Too sensitive, non-reproducibility of results.

Zhen Zhang: The environmental conditions might affect the electrochemical signal. try to isolate the measurement process.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=em1bBmkj6Xg&t=526s

Cyclic voltammetry - to characterise the electrode.
Differential voltammetery - For quantitative measurements.
Both are done together in the same test.

Quentin: Use a redox probe molecule in the electrochemical solution: Ferro/ferricyanide

Quentin & previous Sensus: The size of the viral particle might be too small to produce a blocking effect at the electrode surface. Quentin suggested that we could do a sandwich ELISA to improve the blocking effect.

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* 14 electrodes from PalmSens
Luis: the working electrode should be gold, the reference should be silver/silver chloride. I think the counter electrode was also gold, or it may have been platinum, but I think it was gold.

* 3 gold electrodes from Quentin

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Sofia: I currently use ITO deposited on glass by a company(Visiontek Systems Ltd visiontek.sales@gmail.com). This to be certain to always get the same sheet resistance. I have used HCl etching to pattern the ITO, but now I use the laser engraver in the actuator lab, this results in some surface roughness on the etched parts, but OK for my purposes (TEER measurements). In the clean room, it is possible to sputter ITO on glass and possibly also on polymer substrates. Even though it is sputtering, the temperature goes up during the deposition process to above 90C (I am not sure how much). If the polymer is too soft, the conductor would crack easily  - this could be the case for PDMS. If you use the in-house sputtering (available to myfab users), thin films of ITO could also be patterned by lift-off.

You could also talk to the solar cell group (eg Tomas Kubart) as they are experts on depositing TCO:s and have even more deposition tools (but they never pattern their films as far as I know).

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- If we need to bind the antibodies to gold we'll use "4-mercaptobenzohydrazide"
- We'll have access to a lab in BMC (organic chemistry) to synthesize the linker.