# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Crowded Coasts (conflicts)
Stakeholders:

•Tourists

•Fishermen

•local council

•large businesses

•environmentalists

•local residents

•local businesses

•sailors

•farmers

•military

•government

•scientists

•ferry companies

•archeologists

•mountain bikers

•bird watchers

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: One the move

‘When all projects are completed the total public sector cost of regenerating the Docklands will be of the order of £3900 million, 48% incurred by the LDDC, 25% by London Transport and 27% by the Isle of Dogs Enterprise Zone. Almost half the public sector cost was devoted to transport infrastructure.

Private sector investment in the Docklands, at £8700 million by March 1998, has been substantial and will continue to increase well into the next century.

The LDDC has generated a wide range of economic, environmental and social benefits. Amongst these are 24,000 housing units and over 80,000 gross jobs. Housing tenure is substantially more varied, employment is three times higher, the number of firms has increased fivefold and the new stock of housing will accommodate an additional 45,000 population.

Every £1 million of public sector cost generated net additional benefits in the UDA of 23 jobs, 8500m2 of office floorspace, and 7.8 housing units, plus many other benefits. Since almost all the costs have been incurred and some of the benefits have still to materialise, this cost–benefit ratio should be more favourable by a third when the end state position is reached in 2010 or 2015.

The amount of new social housing is higher than it would have been in the absence of the LDDC.

The LDDC generated an additional 23,000 jobs in Central London by increasing the supply of high-grade office accommodation which led to a more competitive financial centre.’

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Globalisation
tertiary sector
3rd largest retailer
tesco is global retail brand
- Europe - because market close to uk , so consumer taste similar
-  Glocalisation: Tesco makes sure its store suits local tastes e.g selling live fish in thailand and dried jellyfish in china
- delivering grociries via online ordering
tesco direct
tesco has outsourced some of its administrative functions like stock ordering
India: about 6000 people work at tesco service centre
- wages for data processiors are 25% of that in uk
- banglore is known as this type of outsourcing so there are many trained workers avaliable
- hsc can commincate via internet with uk, hq and all few store very easily

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Topic: World at Risk
On 12 January 2010, a magnitude 7 earthquake hit Haiti at 16:53 local time. The earthquake's epicentre was 25km west of Port-au-Prince, the capital.
Most people, business and services were located in the capital.
Social impacts of the earthquake (effects on people)
3 million people affected.
Over 220,000 deaths.
300,000 injured.
1.3 million made homeless.
Several hospitals collapsed.
Economic impacts of the earthquake (effects on money and jobs)
30,000 commercial buildings collapsed.
Business destroyed.
Damage to the main clothing industry.
Airport and port damaged.

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: World at Risk
The earthquake happened on 22nd February 2011

The epicentre was 6 miles south-east of Christchurch

It occurred at a destructive plate boundary, where the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates are converging

The earthquake measured 6.3 on the Richer scale and had a 5km deep focus

The most severe shaking lasted for 12 seconds

There was a significant vertical movement that buildings were unable to survive

6 aftershocks occured on the same day

The situation was made worse by already weakened buildings from the September 2010 earthquake

Soil liqufaction occured in eastern suburbs

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Crowded Coasts
Population:
1950: 3'000
1960: 6'000
1970: 12'000
1981: 25'000
1997: 50'000
2001: 57'000
2010: 72'000
Tourism from Poland and Russia has increased significantly in recent years.
1024 hotel rooms in 5 star hotels

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: World at risk
flood walls
improve draining
ground raising
flood storage
Malrow floating houses are a possible adaption strategy for living with floods

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: globalisation
farmers have brought farming transport and allowed them to be more efficient and take their goods to market
they can now pay for schools and university
build dispensaries for injuries
have clean water sources built

# data[].attributes.body
topic: world cities
in-migrants (521'000)
out-migration exceed this to go to the USA
many of the migrants are young women escaping rural poverty and seeking low skill domestic work in MExico City

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: on the move
Malta is easily accessible for migrants coming from Africa via Libya
it is an island and easy to reach by boat
in 2006 - 1'700 illegal imigrants
joining the EU meant that when they are in Malta they can move easily through the borders and patrol boats cannot turn them away

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: climate change
ecotown. the government aims to provide:
affordable housing
sustainable living
carbon neutral developments
creative use of waste
employment that is local
bottom-up development
local services
. around £10 million was invested to fund local projects
NOD land (a brownfield site) will be converted into an exhibition house informing residents about low carbon living

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Climate Change
in Abu Dhabi
1. a planned project in Abu Dhabi, UAE
2. the city relies on renewable energy
3. costs estimated $18-22 billion
zero waste,zero carbon, fossil fuel free
narrow streets (to increase shade and wind flow)
North East facing (away from the sun)
sub terrain metro
never further than 250m away from public transport

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Climate Change
they aim to reduce carbon emissions
in their first year they have managed to redice their emission by 10%
- waste reduction
-renewable energy
- transport
- reducing food miles
-sustainable used of energy resources

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: climate change
$22.5 billion to build
it is an example of a large scale scheme to supply a large area with renewable energy

# data[].attributes.body
topic: Climate Change
in Brazil
1000km from Rio de Janeiro
it is an eco-town
recycling and waste since the 1980's the green team collect and takes waste to a recycling plant
green space there are over 1000 parks and natural areas
residents planted 1.5 million trees and building are built up not across to create more open space
brownfield sites only are used to build on
reducing car use there are over 200km of bike paths, express buses and different coloured buses for different places
10'000 bus users everyday

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: climate change
17.4 million people
46.9% of the population are under 14
median age = 16.3 years
birth rate: 41.8 per 1000 per year
total dependency ratio - 93.3%
workforce by sector agriculture 90% industry 10%
tempertaures have risen by 2.3 degrees since 1970

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Climate Change:
there are 55 countries in Africa and in 2007 2/3 were among the worlds 50 poorest countries
47.5% of people in sub-Saharan Africa live in extreme poverty
- 90% human impacts are rising temperatures
by 2020, 75-250 million people will suffer from lack of water
agriculture will fall to 50% output
Lake Chad has shrunk by 1/10 of its size due to lack od rainsfall and farmers taking water for livestock
-60% of Africans live in coastal areas
- suffer from 1 million deaths every year from malaria
- 70%

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Climate Change
temperatures have risen at twice the global rate  (3-4c in Alaska)
this causes the sea levels to rise as the ice melts.
the treeline is moving back north so there is a larger area where trees can grow and the Greenland ice sheet is melting
animals migrate
more oil reserves avaliable
more transport links
longer growing season
more CO2 absorption

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: globalisation
FIAT's headquarters are in Italy but they outsource to Brazil where the esources are cheaper and labour is cheap
the government is militarian and therefore there are less strikes so less work id lost due to strikes
the government paid for half the building costs of the factory because of the increasing unemployment in brazil. they also offered financial aid when extracting the iron ore.

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Going Global
the provision of cheap labour has meant that many companies have decided to move to India. as a whole India's GDP has increased
however, the rich-poor divide is growing

India has a population of 1.1 billion however, 1/3 live in poverty
375 million live in slum housing and earn $1 a day

# data[].attributes.body
topic: climate change
Beddington Zero Energy Development
reduced carbon emissions by 56%: renewable energy supply, increased insulation, segregated recycling, dual flush toilets, low flow taps, car clubs, wind powered ventilation, gardens and energy meters at eye level

# data[].attributes.body
why are they vulnerable?
they are small in size
low welevation
prone to a range of natural disasters
dense and growing population e.g. Fiji

# data[].attributes.body
70% of the country is floodplains, less than n1 meter above sea level
confluence of 3 rivers (Ganges, Meghna, Brahmaputra)
65% of the population are subsidence farmers
Impacts:
- by 2050 - a 1 meter sea level rise is predicted
- 40 million people could be displaced
could lose up to 20% of its land due to sea level rise
2--4 floods: 600 deaths were reported and 30million people were homeless. 100,000 people alone in Dhaka suffered from diarrhoea from the flood waters.
Bridges were destroyed, the death toll rose to 750 and the airport and major roads were flooded. This hampered relief efforts. The damage to schools and hospitals was estimated at $7billion.
Rural areas also suffered, the rice crop was devastated as were important cash crops such as jute and sugar.

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: On the Move
people are migrating to Spain because there are cheaper flights, 'leisure oriented senior migration', increased strength of the pound, the climate and environment and lower living costs.
Malaga and Costa-del-sol and Alicante are the most popular areas to move to form the UK
in Spain:
- gas: £30 a month
water: £11 a month
local taxes: less than £190 a year
push factors: (back to the UK)
- health care
- miss family
- money is no longer enough

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Reurbanisation and Fieldwork

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Crowded Coasts and Fieldwork
2011: £125 million from tourism
tourist industry employed 2.72 million people
15,7% of all domestic tourism trips were to the South West of England
Coastal Defences:
- sea wall
- Managed retreat
- Groynes
Zoning:
1) Back - residential
2) Sea front - tourist attractions
3) High Street - Local services, tourism and entertainment
4) East - industrial and transport

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: Crowded Coasts
Rejuvenation: J'aime La Tour
they launched a £300 million project for rebranding in 2000
and in 2010 record numbers hit Blackpool, 13 million visitors arrived in the resort and spent £1 billion, compared to 10 million visitors in 2007
the light show Brilliance

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: world at risk
40 million people
6th largest world economy
Earthquakes: the San Andreas fault - conservative plate boundary
Population: 70%+ live within 50km of a fault line
Droughts: 1300 homes destroyed by wildfires and 22 people were killed
San Francisco ; October1989: magnitude 7.1
time: 17.04
63 people died
13757 were injured
1018 homes were destroyed and 23408 damaged
366 businesses destroyed
US$6 billion

Northridge: LA: Jan 1994
magnitude: 6.7
Time: 4.31am
57 people died
12'500 buildings were damaged
9000 homes were without electricity
48'500 people were without water

# data[].attributes.body
Topic: World at risk
sits on a major plate boundary and risks volcanoes and earthquakes
VOLCANO
Mount Pinatubo: June 1991:
steam explosions and minor earthquakes
a 10km exclusion zone was set up by the government, this was extended to 30km
by the 9th June, 58'000 had been evacuated
reached 200'000 by 12 June
the first eruption spread 20km of ash around South-east Asia
- 350 died
- 77 lahars
- 80'000 hectares of farmland was buried in ash
- US$710 million mainly to agriculture and property
LANDSLIDE
the Guinsaugon landslide: Feb 2006:
- covered 3km2
- killed 1150 people

there had been 2000mm of rain for 10 days
2.6 magnitude earthquake stuck just before