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Identify and Explain one Economic similarity between the two East African States.

Mia Gonzalez
One economic similarity between the two East African States is long distance trade. In doing constant long-distance trade allowed the increase of military power and wealth among the African states. They traveled with camels and put their goods on sacks that were carried by the camels as well. Another method of trade by travel involved by sea, in other words, ships. With this type of travel with long endurance animals allowed for merchants to travel as far as the Meditteranean as well as more east and west.

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Identify and Explain one difference between the record keeping systems of the Inca and Hausa Kingdoms

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Identify and Explain one difference between the two states in Central America.
The main influence of the Mayans was their development of an elaborate calendar, math, and writing system. These advancements spread throughout Central America and displayed advanced civilizations. On the other hand, the main influence of Teoihucan was the architecture. The temples/pyramids were considered revolutionary for their time and likewise spread throughout Central America.

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Identify and Explain one similarity between the states in what is now the United States.

One similarity between the states in what is now the United States is that the economic systems of them are generally centered around agriculture. For example, the Cahokia tribe was a corn society and centered their economy around their corn and trade of corn. While the Mesa Verde tribe was in an especially dry area yet they as well could also grow corn which they used to create an economy.

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Once Complete, you need to start thinking collectively and looking for trends and patterns.

Together, complete the writing tasks in Greenland, Russia, Australia, and Argentina.

When done, click "share", copy link, and submit the link to the HUB assignment along with adding all group member's names

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For each state you and your group need to identify the following:
1. Type of State/Government, Identify & Describe
2. Economic System/s, Potential Trade Route Connections, Potential Trade Partners
3. Social Structure or Hierarchy
4. Notable Cultural Characteristics (Religion & Architecture at minimum)
5. How do inhabitants shape the environment?
6. Name/s of group member/s working on this section
7. Support with at least 1 image or other form of media depicting an aspect described (to add more images, just drop a new pin nearby)

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1. It was always a monarchy, ruled by an emperor.  It was originally a complete monarchy but was changed to a constitutional monarchy.

2. In the 1930’s to 1970’s, Ethiopia enjoyed free enterprise, with the trade of cash crops being a very lucrative business.  They also participated in the silk road.

3. The social groups of Ethiopia were the monks, the debtera, the men who protected princesses and the wives of important people, the shiaglle, the farmers, tradesmen, artisans, soldiers, and singers.

4. Most of the empire was Christian.  They had around 100 languages spoken in Ethiopia.  Aksumite architecture is very prominent in Ethiopia, has been since the 4th century BC.

5. Other that creating housing and altering the land slightly to farm, the inhabitants did not greatly change the environment.

6. Name/s of group member/s working on this section

Sophia Sharp

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1.The Hausa nation was divided among multiple states, with each state controlling its own surroundings. Each state had its own ruler that was advised by a chief counselor. Other officials were also appointed by the king to help rule (similar to a monarchy).
2. Hausa agriculture primarily relied on slaves and was a large part of the economy. They traded gold, ivory, salt, iron, tin, weapons, horses, dyed cotton cloth, kola nuts, glassware, metalware, ostrich feathers, and hides with the coastal region of West Africa, Oyo in the Bight of Benin, and the Songhai Empire. Many specialized in the manufacturing or trade of a certain good.
3. There were slaves, craftworkers, merchants, religious officials, scholars, eunuchs, aristocrats, and the king, each with varying degrees of rights.
4.Hausa houses were made using dried mud bricks, faced with plaster, and then painted on. The roofing was made with a mud vault strengthened with a frame of split palms and palm fronds. Main cities were protected by massive walls. A large amount of the population was converted to Islam and it was typically blended with many of the prexisiting animist rituals. It is also notable that there were many regional rivalries among the states.
5.The terrain was converting primarily from woodlands to savannah. The habitants began to cultivate grains, fish, and hunt.
6. Riya Keswani
https://www.ancient.eu/Hausaland/

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1. The Inca Empire was a monarchy.  They had a ruler called the Sapa Inca, who was the most powerful person in the empire.
2. Their economic system was centrally planned and was very effective.  There was collected labor and it is believed that it served as the base for why it was so successful.  Each person worked together and by doing so, everyone acquired a large amount of wealth.  They occasionally traded with neighboring empires, but, for the most part, they traded within the empire, building paved roads for merchants and warriors.
3.The Inca empire had 4 main social classes; Inca, meaning the person who is, or was, the Sapa Inca, Royalty, the son and wife of the Sapa Inca, and all in the first generation of the Sapa Inca’s relatives,  Nobility, other members of the royal lineage, and the Allyu, which consisted of everyone else.

4. The Incan people believed in a mixture of both Animalism and Nature Worship.   They believed in Inti, the sun god, Viracocha, a creator god and culture hero, and Apu Illapu, the rain god. It was a very organized state religion. But other native religions were tolerated as well.  The religion had many rituals, including human sacrifice.  Their architecture is stunning and was largely influenced by the natural environment surrounding it.  They wanted their architecture to blend into the natural environment.

5.The Incas created terrace agriculture by cutting flat areas into the mountain.  This altered the environment because there were now flat areas all along the mountain that was used to grow food.

6. Sophia Sharp

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA

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Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA

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1. The type of government and state is not known for the Chacoan people.
2. The Chaco region was the economic center of the San Juan Basin. The large pueblos were thought to be used for commerce and trading throughout the region.
3. The social structure of the region was that is was a gathering place where many peoples and clans converged to share their ceremonies, traditions, and knowledge.
4. Notable cultural characteristics are the large pueblos that were built in the area that were some of the largest manmade structures at the time.
5. The inhabitants shaped their environment by building their massive pueblos in the Chaco Canyon.
6. Bao Nguyen-Hoang

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Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO, USA

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Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO, USA

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Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, CO, USA

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1. The type of government and state are unknown in terms of the Mesa Verde tribe all we know is that government played a role in terms of location and housing.
2. The economics of the Mesa Verde tribe are also not known exactly but what can be inferred is that it mainly was in relation to hunting although even though the area was not lavish by any means they were still able to grow corn so that is also a possibility for their economic success.
3. Some social structures were that the Mesa Verde people were clustered very close together as their houses were usually located in very small compact villages which allowed for families to be together but that's as far as we know about the social system of this tribe.
4. Notable cultural characteristics would be the cliffside dwellings and as we don't know the specifics about the religion we can infer things such as the location for housing and how societies functioned had something to do with the religious ideas the Mesa verde people had.
5. The inhabitants shaped their environment by building the famous cliffside dwellings as the area had no wood and was a very dry area they made it out of stone and mortar.
6. Sriram Koneru
7. picture linked above ^^^^.

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Mia Gonzalez
1. Not much is known regarding the government of the Teotihuacan. Overall not much is actually known about the city in general. But, we can conclude that the fate of the city was in the hands of an indivudual leader.
2. The Teotihuacan was extremely wealthy, especially because of their primary source of obsidian. Obsidian is a course green glass from volcanic rock. They also majorly traded pottery that were decorated with much detail. They set a sort of monopoly with these products.
3. Again, not much is known in regard to this city. There was definitely concluded a single head leader. And the role of women was quite similar to that of other American civilizations. For example, women were prone to do house chores, take care of the family, cook, and othere very gender set roles. Men were also in charge of most political events and activities.
4. The talud- tablero method of facade construction was invented in the Teotihuacan city. It is the alternating of steeply sloped and framelike vertical walls. They also were known for "Death Whistles" which played a really loud and distracting noise when blowed in. This was often used in day of the dead and/or war against other tribes.
5. There was an influence set from the Teotihuacan armies. They had spread as far as the Mayan lands and had diplomatic relationships from trade with other areas.
Below is an image of a death whistle that was used by Aztec tribes including the Teotihuacan.

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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Collinsville, IL, USA

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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Collinsville, IL, USA

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Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Collinsville, IL, USA

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1. The specific type of government of the Cahokia people is unknown, but what is known is that they had government officials as they were sometimes seen in the town.
2. The economic system of the Cahokia people was mainly trade and agriculture as it was a corn based society and they cultivated many other crops that they stored in mounds or traded as it was a hub. They traded to many other societies all over north america.
3. The Cahokia people were of a  Matrilineal Society which means that females played big parts in a lot of the main parts and traditions of the society which allowed them to be seen as equal to men (which at that time wasn't common) and allowed for the society to proper.
4. The religious aspects of the Cahokia society is that they had temples that they dug as well as pyramids and even 100 foot Monks mounds which was in the city plaza. They also had lots of stone figurines around the area.
5. The inhabitants shaped their environment by digging up temples and making pyramids and giant pedestals. The most notable is the 100 foot Monk Mound in the center of the city plaza.
6. Sriram Koneru
7. Linked above ^^^

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1. Zimbabwe is a Republic. They have elected officials to speak for the citizen populace. Until relatively recently, Zimbabwe was in a semi dictatorship under Robert Mugabe, who has been accused of several crimes against humanity.

2. Zimbabwe trades with many other African countries, as well as the UK, US, China, etc… They mainly trade by sea.

3. Zimbabwe has a legislative, judicial, and executive branch. The governmental power is split between these three branches so that one branch does not have too much power, although Mugabe did manage to get too much power.

4. The most prominent religion is Christianity. The architecture is either brick or modern styles of architecture. The brick tends to be older, and a lot of Great Zimbabwe is made from brick.

5. They build cities; however, one thing Zimbabwe has a lot of is mines. Zimbabwe has a lot of them, as some of their major exports are gold and diamonds.

6. Alex Schwarz

7. Great Zimbabwe

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Mia Gonzalez
1. They Mayans lived in a hierarchal system. In other words they lived in a system ruled by a high class ruler, kings or priests, and had different levels of class such as commoners, middle class, and others.
2. They Mayans were based on agriculture. Many believe that the Mayans were solely based on the growth of corn which was their main source of money.
3. As mentioned earlier, they had a hierarchical order set in the city-states and/or kingdons. Because of this there were classes based among the citizens such as high class, middle class, low class, and somtimes even 'barbarians.'
4. The Mayan accomplished many cultural characteristics such as the an advanced math system, calendars, and one of the most elaborate writing systems in the Americas. They also have a noticable amount of monuments dedicated to the Mayan culture. In other words, there are many temples, pyramids, palaces, and plazas.
5. Their influence on other cultures were solely based on their achievements such as the elaborate math system and calendar and writing system. Those three mentioned are the most common in the Americas at the time of their existence.
7. Above is an image of the Chichen itza Mayan ruins. It is a great example of one of the many monuments dedicated to the Mayan empire.