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This exhibit takes you through the history of feminism in Cuba, combining famous feminist women and feminist aspects of Cuban culture. Women have made many important contributions to Cuba's culture and they have been fighting for women's rights since the 1800's. In this exhibit you will see women who participated in the Cuban revolution, the medical field, the art, film, and literature field and common working women of Cuba.

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This exhibit takes you through the history of feminism in Cuba, combining famous feminist women and feminist aspects of Cuban culture. Women have made many important contributions to Cuba's culture and they have been fighting for women's rights since the 1800's. In this exhibit you will see women who participated in the Cuban revolution, the medical field, the art, film, and literature field and common working women of Cuba.

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Ana Betancourt: An imperishable Cuban woman.

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Ana Betancourt: An imperishable Cuban woman.

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(1860s) Ana Betancourt was born on December 14, 1832 in Cuba. Betancourt was known for being one of the first to join liberating forces during the start of the Ten Years War. Ana was dedicated to the revolution at the time, often sending materials to rebels and posting propaganda material.

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(1932) When Cuba was becoming a hot destination for tourism, rum, and cigars, Cuban woman became extremely sexualized characters used in advertisements. This cigarette advertisement stars Cuban celebrity Lupe Velez, also known as Hot Tamale. These women were the pinnacle of beauty during the 30s and were widely used for advertising purposes.

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A metamorphic painting by Amelia Pelaez called Nina con Paloma

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A metamorphic painting by Amelia Pelaez called Nina con Paloma

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Amelia Pelaez was born on January 5th 1896 in Cuba. She was a very influential artist in Cuba due to her traditional styles of painting. She had a personal type of style with her own architectural and colorful art. In the 1940’s she developed her signture style with bright colored areas and baroque compositions that came from the nineteenth century Cuban decorations and furniture design.

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Haydée Santamaría was a brilliant heroine of the Cuban Revolution, as she was one of the only two women who helped organize and fight on the front lines of the 1953 attack on Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba, and as well was one of the founders of Cuba’s July 26 Movement. Before feminism was accepted in Cuba, she embraced the philosophy by producing and sustaining the changing image of women in Cuba.

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Woman collecting funds for Liga Anti-tuberculosa del Sanatorio La Esperanza, at Parque Central.

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Woman collecting funds for Liga Anti-tuberculosa del Sanatorio La Esperanza, at Parque Central.

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This is a photo of a woman collecting money for the “Liga Anti-tuberculosa del Sanatorio La Esperanza” or the Anti-Tuberculosis League of the La Esperanza Sanatorium. This group made great strides in curing and preventing tuberculosis in the mid 1900’s. The group would determine how many people were effected, screen the uninfected to find a preventive vaccine, assist in hospitals, sanitary, and dispensary, and educate the public of ways to prevent the disease.

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Celia Sanchez was born on May 9, 1920 in Cuba. She joined the struggle against the Batista government, and she was the founder of the 26thof July Movement. She was also one of the first women to assemble a combat squad during the revolution. As a member of the staff of the Rebel Army she supplied Che Guevara and other rebels with weapons, food, and medical supplies.

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The book Reyita tells the story of Maria de los Reyes Castillo Bueno, an afro-Cuban woman who grew up during the early twentieth century. The book details her struggles with being afro-Cuban and a woman in Cuba and all of the discrimination she faced due to this. Despite her hardships, Reyita managed to become an independent woman in Cuba and she created a better future for her daughters, sending them towards education rather than becoming housewives.

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Rita Montaner was born on August 20, 1900 in Guanabacoa, Cuba. She was a Cuban singer, pianist, and actress. She was well known in Mexico City, Paris, Miami, and New York, where she performed and filmed in many times. Being one Cuba’s most known and well-loved females artists between the 1920’s and 1950’s, she recorded about fifty different tracks for Columbia Records.

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Women in Cuba have always been authentic and culturally defined, inspired by their spirituality and cultural traditions. One thing that has separated Cuban women from women of other cultures is their dance, which symbolizes the face and attitude of Cuban women. The theater, dance and literature have all had a hand in spotlighting the unique spirit of Cuban women.

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Cuban Literacy Campaign Documentary Screens at Alamo Drafthouse

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Cuban Literacy Campaign Documentary Screens at Alamo Drafthouse

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(1961) The Cuban Literacy Campaign was proposed in the 60s, in hopes of eliminating illiteracy on the island within one year. Over 240,000 people volunteered to teach, and among these volunteers, half were women. To this day, Cuba has one of the highest literacy rates in the world.

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Renee Mendez Capote was a Cuban writer, suffragist, and feminist activist in the early to mid 1900’s. Capote was an activist for feminist rights in Cuba. In 1928, she and Berta Arocena de Martinez Marquez founded “Lyceum” a cultural and intellectual feminist group. More women joined and together they created a large group which advocated for women’s suffrage. This group became a lobbyist institution in Cuba’s parliament and helped organize many feminist events in the country.

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The first Women to Graduate the University of Havana

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The first Women to Graduate the University of Havana

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These were the first three women that graduated from the University of Havana in 1897. Being the first women to graduate such a big University they were idolized and cherished by many. They were the ones to be the start of something new and finally be the change that all the women needed. It gave them courage and hope to believe in something bigger and brighter for their futures.

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Vilma Espín: Rebel and Wife of Raúl Castro

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Vilma Espín: Rebel and Wife of Raúl Castro

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Vilma Espín, the wife of Raúl Castro, was a powerful member of the Cuban Communist Party and was a prominent advocate for women’s rights in Cuba. Being Cuba’s first official first lady for decades, she was revered a powerful figure of the Cuban Revolution and helped change the attitudes about the role of women in Cuba. In 1960, she founded the Federation of Cuban Women and remained president of this organization until her death in 2007. After her death, however, Vilma Espín proceeded to become an international figure in the struggle of women’s rights.

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During the Cuban ‘Black Spring’ in 2003, a group of women called the ‘Damas de Blanc’, or Ladies in White, peacefully protested after 75 civil rights activists and independent journalists were arbitrarily arrested. These women were the sisters, wives, and mothers of these political prisoners and were dressed in white to symbolize resistance to the repressive Castro regime. In 2005, these women were awarded the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of thought for their refusal to give up their struggle for human rights and freedom in Cuba.

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Young women graduates at commencement ceremonies.

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Young women graduates at commencement ceremonies.

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(2013) Among the thousands of students who graduate from ELAM, Havana’s Latin American Medical School, women make up a large percentage. These women represent the medical professionals from Cuba that travel to rural and foreign areas to provide aid, and to represent the universal healthcare that the island promises.

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Portraits of Working Women: Overcoming 'Machismo' in Cuba.

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Portraits of Working Women: Overcoming 'Machismo' in Cuba.

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This is a photo of a working woman in Cuba who runs a makeshift nail salon. Many women in Cuba like this one have degrees from a university in one field but are unable to find well-paying jobs so they are forced to start their own small business to make money. In Cuba women dominate much of the workforce, this is thanks to the women’s movement, which began during the revolution under the rule of Fidel Castro.