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Teachers should comprise lessons incorporating elements of autonomy to improve self-esteem and belongingness

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Focus on positive, accepting environment

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Focus on positive, accepting environment

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Health and Wellbeing teaching should ensure that acceptance of difference and positive school environment are prioritized to increase self-esteem and belongingness.

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Attention of teachers on effort and work completion

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Attention of teachers on effort and work completion

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Attention from teachers towards effort rather than results, focusing on resilience and tenacity to complete work and ability to keep trying help to improve self-esteem and belongingness.

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Social acceptance  and interpersonal competence focus

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Social acceptance  and interpersonal competence focus

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Acceptance of difference and regular opportunities to work collaboratively improve student's perception of social acceptance both for themselves and with others, leading to increase in belongingness.

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Focus on stress coping strategies and problem solving

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Focus on stress coping strategies and problem solving

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Teachers should ensure specific teaching on problem solving and stress coping strategies

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School belongingness was found to be stable over the primary-secondary transition
Primary school belongingness was found to be a strong predictor of secondary school belongingness

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Higher levels of depression and lower attainment at age 15 and 18/19 were predicted by a poorer school transition
(West et al, 2010)

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School connectedness has been shown to be a powerful predictor of mental health.

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School connectedness has been shown to be a powerful predictor of mental health.

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(Lester et al, 2013)

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“Those who are able to develop a better sense of belonging in school are more likely to have better outcomes, both in school and beyond”

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“Those who are able to develop a better sense of belonging in school are more likely to have better outcomes, both in school and beyond”

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(Vaz, 2015, p22).

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School belongingness can be defined as the “extent to which students feel personally accepted, respected, included and supported by others in the school social environment.

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School belongingness can be defined as the “extent to which students feel personally accepted, respected, included and supported by others in the school social environment.

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(Vaz et al, 2015, p2)

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School Belongingness Across the Primary-Secondary Transition

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School Belongingness Across the Primary-Secondary Transition

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The PSHE Association provides resources to support health and wellbeing teaching in Scotland, including mental and emotional well-being, including medium-term plans and lesson planning guidance.

https://www.pshe-association.org.uk/curriculum-and-resources/resources/health-and-wellbeing-education-scotland

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Fink is a set of resources designed by mental health charity Place2Be to support important conversations between children and teachers which gets young people talking about the things that matter.

https://finkcards.com/collections/education

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2.  Developing Emotional Awareness and Listening (DEAL)

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2.  Developing Emotional Awareness and Listening (DEAL)

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Developing Emotional Awareness and Listening (DEAL) is a resource for teachers and other educational professionals developed by the Samaritans.  It has been designed to help develop resilience in young people and includes lesson plans, hand-outs and other resources with activities split into four areas:  emotional health; coping strategies; dealing with feelings; connecting with others.

https://www.samaritans.org/scotland/how-we-can-help/schools/deal/

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Here are some resources focussing on problem solving, coping with stress and acceptance of others which are applicable to either primary or secondary teachers.

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What Can Primary Schools Do to Improve School Belongingness?

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What Can Primary Schools Do to Improve School Belongingness?

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Primary schools should aim to improve belongingness by focussing on factors which positively improve self-esteem.

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What is the Importance of School Belongingness

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What is the Importance of School Belongingness

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What Can Secondary Schools Do to Improve School Belongingness?

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What Can Secondary Schools Do to Improve School Belongingness?

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Secondary schools should focus on ensuring a positive, accepting environment, encouraging student autonomy.

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Summary of current research into areas related to school belongingness

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Summary of current research into areas related to school belongingness

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1.	The Mentally Healthy Schools website 

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1.	The Mentally Healthy Schools website 

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The Mentally Healthy Schools website provides information, advice and resources to help schools understand and promote mental health and well-being for children.  The aim of the website is to support teacher awareness along with increasing knowledge and confidence of teachers in relation to mental health and well-being.  The website includes useful lesson plans and resource to teach mental health and wellbeing in the classroom, along with other useful information for teachers.

https://www.mentallyhealthyschools.org.uk/teaching-resources/lesson-plans-and-pshe-resources/