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The incubation period is the time between catching the infection and experiencing symptoms.

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The incubation period is the time between catching an infection and symptoms appearing. Incubation periods vary, depending on the type of infection.

Infection incubation periods

The incubation periods for some infections are:

Infectious period

The infectious period isn't necessarily the same as the incubation period. With some viruses, such as chickenpox, the person may be infectious before symptoms start to show.

Read the answers to more questions about infections.

Further information

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What are the incubation periods for infections?

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The incubation period is the time between catching an infection and symptoms appearing. Incubation periods vary, depending on the type of infection. The incubation periods for some infections are: The infectious period isn't necessarily the same as the incubation period. With some viruses, such as chickenpox, the person may be infectious before symptoms start to show.

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Asthma is classified as a non infectious disease and is a respiratory or lung disease.

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If you buy something through a link on this page, we may earn a small commission. How this works.

There's no cure for asthma. However, it's a highly treatable disease. In fact, some doctors say today's asthma treatments are so effective, many people have near-complete control of their symptoms.

People with asthma have highly individual triggers and responses. Some doctors believe there are actually many asthmas, each with its own causes, risks, and treatments.

If you have asthma, your doctor will work with you to create an asthma action plan that focuses on your own symptoms and the things that seem to trigger them. The plan will probably include changes to your environment and activities, along with medicine to help you manage your symptoms.

Asthma treatment serves two main purposes: long-term control and short-term symptom relief. Here are some of the asthma drugs your doctor could include in your asthma action plan:

Inhalers. These portable devices deliver a premeasured dose of asthma medicine into your lungs. You hold the J-shaped pumps to your mouth and press down on the cannister. The pump sends out a mist or powder that you inhale.

Some inhalers contain corticosteroids that control swelling and irritation in your airways. These inhalers are for daily or seasonal use.

Other inhalers contain fast-acting drugs (such as bronchodilators, beta2-agonists, or anticholinergics) that can open your airways quickly if you're having an asthma flare-up.

Some inhalers may contain a combination of medicines to control your precise reactions.

Nebulizers. These freestanding devices turn liquid medicine into a mist you can breathe. The drugs used in nebulizers reduce swelling and irritation in the airways.

Oral medicines. Your long-term action plan may also include oral medications. Oral asthma drugs include leukotriene modulators (which reduce inflammation) and theophylline (which has mostly been replaced with safer, more effective medications) which opens your airways. Both are taken in pill form. Oral corticosteroid pills are also sometimes prescribed.

Biologics. You may have an injection of a biologic medication once or twice a month. These medicines are also called immunomodulators, because they reduce certain white blood cells in your blood or reduce your sensitivity to allergens in your environment. They're only used for certain types of severe asthma.

ASTHMA Medications
Your doctor may prescribe one or more of these drugs to help control your asthma and relieve symptoms.
Long-term: inhaled corticosteroids

Beclomethasone (Qvar RediHaler)

Budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler)

Ciclesonide (Alvesco)

Fluticasone (Flovent HFA)

Mometasone (Asmanex Twisthaler)

Long-term: leukotriene modifiers

Montelukast (Singulair)

Zafirlukast (Accolate)

Zileuton (Zyflo)

If you're taking Singulair, you should know that, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in rare cases, the drug has been linked to depression, suicidal thinking, aggression, agitation, and hallucinations. Keep your doctor aware of any psychological symptoms you or your child are experiencing.
Long-term: long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs)
You should always take LABAs along with corticosteroids, because when taken on their own they can cause severe asthma flare-ups.

Salmeterol (Serevent)

Formoterol (Perforomist)

Arformoterol (Brovana)

Some inhalers combine corticosteroids and LABA medicines:

Fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair Diskus, Advair HFA)

Budesonide and formoterol (Symbicort)

Mometasone and formoterol (Dulera)

Fluticasone and vilanterol (Breo Ellipta)

Theophylline is a bronchodilator that you take in pill form. Sometimes sold under the name Theo-24, this medication is rarely prescribed now.
Fast-acting: rescue inhalers

Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, and others)

Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA)

If you experience severe asthma, your doctor could add oral corticosteroids like prednisone to your asthma action plan.

If your flare-ups seem to be triggered by allergens, your doctor might recommend immunotherapy (allergy shots) or antihistamines and decongestants.

Xolair® (omalizumab)

Nucala® (mepolizumab)

Cinqair® (reslizumab)

Fasenra® (benralizumab)

There are many natural asthma remedies to consider.

Always consult your doctor
Asthma is a serious condition, and asthma flare-ups can be life-threatening. Be sure to talk to your doctor before you add any home remedy to you or your child's action plan. Never stop taking asthma medicine without first speaking to your doctor.

Black seed (Nigella sativa)

Nigella sativais a spice in the cumin family used as medicine in several cultures, including the Ayurvedic tradition. Black seeds may be eaten, taken as a pill or powder, or used in the essential oil form.

A 2017 review of studies about Nigella sativa found that black seed may improve lung function and help with asthma symptoms. More research is needed because many of the studies were small and tested in animals or cells, not people.

Caffeine

Caffeine has also been studied as a natural remedy for asthma because it's related to the drug theophylline, which is used to relax the muscles in your airways.

Although there are no recently-reported studies showing its usefulness, a 2010 of the data showed that drinking coffee caused a mild improvement in airway function for up to four hours.

Choline

Choline is a nutrient your body needs in order to function well, but choline deficiency is rare. Some evidence indicates that a choline supplement may reduce inflammation in people with asthma, but ingesting too much choline may have side effects.

Choline may be taken as a pill or found in foods such as beef and chicken liver, eggs, cod and salmon, vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower, and soybean oil. Side effects are unlikely if your choline intake is from food alone.

Shop for choline.

Pycnogenol

Pycnogenol is an extract taken from the bark of a pine tree that grows in France. It's generally taken as a capsule or tablet.

Although more research is needed, one in 76 people found that pycnogenol reduced nighttime awakenings from allergic asthma, and the need for regular asthma medicines.

Shop for pycnogenol.

Vitamin D

Another supplement people often include is Vitamin D. Researchers in London found that taking Vitamin D along with your asthma medications lowered the risk of going to the emergency room for an asthma attack by 50 percent.

Shop for vitamin D.

Increasingly, doctors are looking to use certain biomarkers in your breath to try to customize your asthma treatment.

This area of research is most useful when doctors are prescribing the class of medicines known as biologics. Biologics are proteins that work in your immune system to prevent inflammation.

Asthma is a disease that causes your airways to narrow because of swelling, tightening, or increased mucus. While there's no cure, there are many treatment options that can prevent asthma flare-ups or treat symptoms when they occur.

Some natural or home remedies may help, but always talk to your doctor before adding anything to your asthma action plan.

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If you buy something through a link on this page, we may earn a small commission. How this works. There's no cure for asthma. However, it's a highly treatable disease. In fact, some doctors say today's asthma treatments are so effective, many people have near-complete control of their symptoms. People with asthma have highly individual triggers and responses.

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Asthma is more common in adult women then adult men, but many kids have been diagnosed with asthma, and an average of 1 out of every 12 school aged students have asthma.

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Asthma Facts and Figures

Asthma causes swelling of the airways. This results in narrowing of the airways that carry air from the nose and mouth to the lungs. Allergens or irritating things entering the lungs trigger asthma symptoms. Symptoms include trouble breathing, wheezing, coughing and tightness in the chest. Asthma can be deadly.

There is no cure for asthma, but it can be managed with proper prevention of asthma attacks and treatment.

More Americans than ever before have asthma. It is one of this country's most common and costly diseases.

How Common Is Asthma?

Approximately 25 million Americans have asthma. This equals to about 1 in 13 Americans, including 8 percent of adults and 7 percent of children.¹

About 20 million U.S. adults age 18 and over have asthma. 1

Asthma is more common in adult women than adult men.¹

It is the leading chronic disease in children. 2 Currently, there are about 5.1 million children under the age of 18 with asthma. 1

Asthma is more common in boys than girls.¹

What Are the Rates of Asthma Episodes in Children?

In 2019, 44.3 percent of children age 18 and younger who had asthma reported having one or more asthma attacks in the past year.¹
About 47.2 percent of children under the age of 5 with asthma had an episode.¹

According to the CDC, asthma episodes in children have declined from 2001 through 2016.³

How Many People Get Sick from Asthma?

In 2016, asthma accounted for for 9.8 million doctor's office visits⁴

In 2018, asthma accounted for 178,530 discharges from hospital inpatient care and 1.6 million emergency department visits.5,6

Black Americans are five times more likely than white Americans to visit the emergency department due to asthma.⁶

How Many People Die from Asthma?

On average, ten Americans die from asthma each day. In 2019, 3,524 people died from asthma. Many of these deaths are avoidable with proper treatment and care.⁷

Adults are five times more likely to die from asthma than children.⁷

Women are more likely to die from asthma than men, and boys are more likely than girls.⁷

Black Americans are nearly three times more likely to die from asthma than white Americans.⁷

What Are the Costs of Asthma?

From 2008-2013, the annual economic cost of asthma was more than $81.9 billion - including medical costs and loss of work and school days:⁸

​$3 billion in losses due to missed work and school days

$29 billion due to asthma-related mortality, and

$50.3 billion in medical costs

The annual per-person incremental medical cost of asthma was $3,266 (in 2015 U.S. dollars).⁸

Among children ages 5 to 17, asthma is one of the top causes of missed school days. In 2013, it accounted for more than 13.8 million missed school days.⁹

Which Racial or Ethnic Groups Have Higher Asthma Rates?

See AAFA's groundbreaking research report on Asthma Disparities in America.

Racial and ethnic differences in asthma frequency, illness and death are highly connected with poverty, city air quality, indoor allergens, not enough patient education and poor health care.

The rate of asthma and the prevalence of asthma episodes is highest among Black Americans.¹

Black children are three times as likely to have asthma compared to white children.¹

Compared to white Americans, Black Americans are five times more likely to visit the emergency department due to asthma.⁶

Black Americans are nearly three times more likely to die from asthma than white Americans⁷

When sex is factored in, Black females have the highest rate of fatality due to asthma. In 2019, Black women were three times more likely to die from asthma than white men.⁷

Do Men or Women Have Higher Rates of Asthma?​

Women are more likely to have asthma than men. 9.8 percent of women have asthma, compared to 6.1 percent of men.¹

Women are more likely to die from asthma than men.⁷

Boys are more likely to have asthma than girls. 8.4 percent of boys have asthma, compared to 5.5 percent of girls.¹

Medical Review February 2018, updated April 2021 References
[1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). 2019 National Health Interview Survey data. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2019/data.htm

[2] Ferrante, G., & La Grutta, S. (2018). The Burden of Pediatric Asthma. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00186

[3] Zahran, H., Bailey, C., Damon, S., Garbe, P. and Breysse, P. (2018). Vital signs: Asthma in children - United States, 2001-2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6705e1.

[4] National Center for Health Statistics. (2017). National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2010-2017). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/national-surveillance-data/healthcare-use.htm

[5] Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2019). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (2018). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/national-surveillance-data/healthcare-use.htm

[6] National Center for Health Statistics. (2019). National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2010-2018). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/national-surveillance-data/healthcare-use.htm

[7] National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System: Mortality (1999-2018). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: https://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html

[8] Nurmagambetov, T., Kuwahara, R., & Garbe, P. (2018). The Economic Burden of Asthma in the United States, 2008-2013. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 15(3), 348-356. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201703-259OC

[9] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Asthma-related missed school days among children aged 5-17 years. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/asthma_stats/missing_days.htm

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Asthma causes swelling of the airways. This results in narrowing of the airways that carry air from the nose and mouth to the lungs. Allergens or irritating things entering the lungs trigger asthma symptoms. Symptoms include trouble breathing, wheezing, coughing and tightness in the chest. Asthma can be deadly.

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-no cure
-using an inhaler helps
-at home drinking tea can help with the wheezing

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An asthma attack may be minor, but it can become dangerous very quickly.

During an attack, the airways become swollen and inflamed. The muscles surrounding the airways simultaneously contract and produce extra mucus, causing the bronchial tubes to narrow. This makes it very difficult to breathe properly.

Signs of an asthma attack include:

coughing that won't stop

wheezing when breathing both in and out

difficulty talking

very rapid breathing

pale, sweaty face

While asthma attacks can be very serious, treating symptoms quickly at home can help prevent them from escalating. There are several home treatments that can be effective in an emergency.

The caffeine in black or green tea and coffee can help treat asthma. It works similarly to popular asthma medication theophylline, which opens up the airways. Caffeine has the ability to improve breathing function in people with asthma for up to four hours. So black tea and coffee can help with an asthma attack in an emergency when you're without your inhaler.

The coffee or tea should be warm for faster relief.

Eucalyptus oil has been used for thousands of years as a natural remedy for a number of conditions, and inhaling its vapor can aid those with breathing problems like asthma or bronchitis.

To use eucalyptus oil to treat asthma, put a few drops into an oil diffuser and sit near it, taking deep breaths if possible. If you don't have an oil diffuser, boil a cup of water and add a few drops of eucalyptus oil to it. Then breathe the vapor in slowly.

Other essential oils that show promise are lavender and basil.

Because essential oils aren't monitored by the FDA, it's important that you research the brands you choose for purity, safety, and quality.

Essential oils may actually cause an asthma attack in those whose symptoms are easily triggered by chemical smells. So err on the side of caution, and introduce essential oils one at a time.

For immediate asthma relief, mustard oil is one of the best emergency home remedies there is. The mustard oil we're talking about here is the fatty oil containing isothiocyanates made from pressing the mustard seeds. This is different from mustard essential oil, which is a medicinal oil sold in small quantities that you should avoid applying directly to your skin.

Mustard seed oil can provide relief from an asthma attack and help open the air passageways, improving lung function.

Massage a mixture of warm mustard oil and salt into your chest several times daily until symptoms subside.

Mustard plasters made from mustard seed powder have a similar effect. These plasters are a poultice that has a warming sensation. Mustard plasters should be left on for less than 15 minutes, as they can burn. Check your skin often under the poultice.

Sitting straight upright with good posture will help open up your air passageway as much as possible, allowing you to breathe more efficiently. You shouldn't lie down, as this could make it harder to breathe. Some people find it helpful to use a chair or place to sit that has a back they can lean against.

This can be extremely challenging when you're having an asthma attack, but it offers several benefits. The first is that it prevents hyperventilation, which is inefficient at helping you to breathe well and could result in getting less oxygen. Deep breaths also can help you stay calm, evoking a relaxing response. Staying calm can help prevent your chest from tightening up and making it even harder to breathe.

If you're unable to get your asthma attack under control, you may need to seek emergency medical attention. Go to the nearest ER if you experience any of the following symptoms:

severe breathlessness or wheezing, especially early in the morning or late at night

needing to strain your chest muscles to breathe

symptoms not subsiding after you've used home remedies or a rescue inhaler

inability to speak more than short phrases because of the shortness of breath

The best way to prevent asthma attacks is to avoid known irritants. Common irritants include cold air, pollen, mold, and dust.

You can also get an annual flu and pneumonia vaccine, which can help prevent asthma flare-ups caused by viruses.

As well, you should take any medications that have been prescribed to you at all times, even if you're feeling well and haven't had an attack lately.

Asthma attacks can become very serious very quickly, and they can come on suddenly. Because of this, you should have a plan in place established with your doctor that has you prepared for any potential future attacks. This will help you or your loved ones to act quickly, keeping symptoms at bay and preventing them from escalating.

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emergency home remedies for asthma attacks

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Emergency Home Remedies for Asthma Attacks: What You Can Do Now

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An asthma attack may be minor, but it can become dangerous very quickly. During an attack, the airways become swollen and inflamed. The muscles surrounding the airways simultaneously contract and produce extra mucus, causing the bronchial tubes to narrow. This makes it very difficult to breathe properly.

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There is no way to present asthma, but there are ways to prevent asthma attacks such as taking medications, getting vaccinated regularly, using an inhaler, monitoring your breathing a well as staying away from your asthma triggers.

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Overview

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath.

For some people, asthma is a minor nuisance. For others, it can be a major problem that interferes with daily activities and may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack.

Asthma can't be cured, but its symptoms can be controlled. Because asthma often changes over time, it's important that you work with your doctor to track your signs and symptoms and adjust your treatment as needed.

Symptoms

Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at certain times - such as when exercising - or have symptoms all the time.

Asthma signs and symptoms include:

Shortness of breath

Chest tightness or pain

Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children

Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing

Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu

Signs that your asthma is probably worsening include:

Asthma signs and symptoms that are more frequent and bothersome

Increasing difficulty breathing, as measured with a device used to check how well your lungs are working (peak flow meter)

The need to use a quick-relief inhaler more often

For some people, asthma signs and symptoms flare up in certain situations:

Exercise-induced asthma, which may be worse when the air is cold and dry

Occupational asthma, triggered by workplace irritants such as chemical fumes, gases or dust

Allergy-induced asthma, triggered by airborne substances, such as pollen, mold spores, cockroach waste, or particles of skin and dried saliva shed by pets (pet dander)

When to see a doctor

Seek emergency treatment

Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Work with your doctor to determine what to do when your signs and symptoms worsen - and when you need emergency treatment. Signs of an asthma emergency include:

Rapid worsening of shortness of breath or wheezing

No improvement even after using a quick-relief inhaler

Shortness of breath when you are doing minimal physical activity

Contact your doctor

See your doctor:

If you think you have asthma. If you have frequent coughing or wheezing that lasts more than a few days or any other signs or symptoms of asthma, see your doctor. Treating asthma early may prevent long-term lung damage and help keep the condition from getting worse over time.

To monitor your asthma after diagnosis. If you know you have asthma, work with your doctor to keep it under control. Good long-term control helps you feel better from day to day and can prevent a life-threatening asthma attack.

If your asthma symptoms get worse. Contact your doctor right away if your medication doesn't seem to ease your symptoms or if you need to use your quick-relief inhaler more often.

Don't take more medication than prescribed without consulting your doctor first. Overusing asthma medication can cause side effects and may make your asthma worse.

To review your treatment. Asthma often changes over time. Meet with your doctor regularly to discuss your symptoms and make any needed treatment adjustments.

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Causes

It isn't clear why some people get asthma and others don't, but it's probably due to a combination of environmental and inherited (genetic) factors.

Asthma triggers

Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens) can trigger signs and symptoms of asthma. Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include:

Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste

Respiratory infections, such as the common cold

Physical activity

Cold air

Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke

Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)

Strong emotions and stress

Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed potatoes, beer and wine

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acids back up into your throat

Risk factors

A number of factors are thought to increase your chances of developing asthma. They include:

Having a blood relative with asthma, such as a parent or sibling

Having another allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis - which causes red, itchy skin - or hay fever - which causes a runny nose, congestion and itchy eyes

Being overweight

Being a smoker

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution

Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

Complications

Asthma complications include:

Signs and symptoms that interfere with sleep, work and other activities

Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-ups

A permanent narrowing of the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs (bronchial tubes), which affects how well you can breathe

Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for severe asthma attacks

Side effects from long-term use of some medications used to stabilize severe asthma

Proper treatment makes a big difference in preventing both short-term and long-term complications caused by asthma.

Prevention

While there's no way to prevent asthma, you and your doctor can design a step-by-step plan for living with your condition and preventing asthma attacks.

Follow your asthma action plan. With your doctor and health care team, write a detailed plan for taking medications and managing an asthma attack. Then be sure to follow your plan.

Asthma is an ongoing condition that needs regular monitoring and treatment. Taking control of your treatment can make you feel more in control of your life.

Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia. Staying current with vaccinations can prevent flu and pneumonia from triggering asthma flare-ups.

Identify and avoid asthma triggers. A number of outdoor allergens and irritants - ranging from pollen and mold to cold air and air pollution - can trigger asthma attacks. Find out what causes or worsens your asthma, and take steps to avoid those triggers.

Monitor your breathing. You may learn to recognize warning signs of an impending attack, such as slight coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath.

But because your lung function may decrease before you notice any signs or symptoms, regularly measure and record your peak airflow with a home peak flow meter. A peak flow meter measures how hard you can breathe out. Your doctor can show you how to monitor your peak flow at home.

Identify and treat attacks early. If you act quickly, you're less likely to have a severe attack. You also won't need as much medication to control your symptoms.

When your peak flow measurements decrease and alert you to an oncoming attack, take your medication as instructed. Also, immediately stop any activity that may have triggered the attack. If your symptoms don't improve, get medical help as directed in your action plan.

Take your medication as prescribed. Don't change your medications without first talking to your doctor, even if your asthma seems to be improving. It's a good idea to bring your medications with you to each doctor visit. Your doctor can make sure you're using your medications correctly and taking the right dose.

Pay attention to increasing quick-relief inhaler use. If you find yourself relying on your quick-relief inhaler, such as albuterol, your asthma isn't under control. See your doctor about adjusting your treatment.

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Find out what can trigger asthma and how to relieve your symptoms and breathe easier.

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-Asthma causes 13.8 million missed school days each year
-Asthma is the most common chronic illness for children

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Asthma Facts

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the lung airways that causes coughing, chest tightness, wheezing or shortness of breath.

8.3% of Americans have asthma. Of these 26.5 million, 20.4 million are adults and 6.1 million are children.¹

Asthma prevalence is higher in children (9.4 percent) than in adults (7.7 percent), and higher in females (9.2 percent) than males (7.0 percent).³

Patients with asthma reported 11 million visits to a doctor's office and 1.7 million visits to hospital outpatient departments.¹

Asthma results in 439,000 hospitalizations and 1.3 million emergency room visits annually.¹

Asthma is the most common chronic illness in childhood, accounting for 13.8 million missed school days each year. It also accounts for 14.2 million lost work days for adults.²

The estimated economic cost of asthma is $56 billion annually.³

More than 3,500 people die of asthma each year, nearly half of whom are age 65 or older. Recent statistics show that half of people with asthma have at least one asthma attack each year, with children (53 percent) more likely to have an attack than adults (44.9 percent).1, 3

Asthma symptoms can be triggered by exposure to an allergen (such as ragweed, pollen, animal dander or dust mites), irritants in the air (such as smoke, chemical fumes or strong odors) or extreme weather conditions. Exercise or an illness - particularly a respiratory illness or the flu - can also make you more susceptible.

Asthma is often hereditary.

Weather conditions such as extremely dry, wet or windy weather can worsen an asthma condition.

Effective asthma treatment includes monitoring the disease with a peak flow meter, identifying and avoiding allergen triggers, using drug therapies including bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents, and developing an emergency plan for severe attacks.

One of the most effective medications for controlling asthma is inhaled corticosteroids, which are anti-inflammatory medications. Taken early and as directed, these well-tolerated and safe medications can improve asthma control and normalize lung function.

Immunotherapy or allergy shots should be considered if asthma is triggered by exposure to unavoidable allergens, or if symptoms occur three days a week and more than two nights a month. The shots are especially helpful when symptoms occur year-round or are not easily controlled with medication.

Allergists are the medical specialists with the most expertise in treating asthma. An allergist can find the source of your suffering and stop it. To find an allergist, visit AllergyAndAsthmaRelief.org.

Sources

1. Most Recent Asthma Data (CDC)
2. AsthmaStats - Asthma-related Missed School Days among Children aged 5-17 Years (CDC)
3. Asthma Management and the Allergist: Better Outcomes at Lower Cost (ACAAI)
This page was reviewed and updated 6/13/2018.

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Asthma Facts Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the lung airways that causes coughing, chest tightness, wheezing or shortness of breath. 8.3% of Americans have asthma.

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There are no clear causes to why some people have it and others don't, but it is likely due to a combination of environmental and inherited factors. Physical activity is also a common cause for asthma.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Overview

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath.

For some people, asthma is a minor nuisance. For others, it can be a major problem that interferes with daily activities and may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack.

Asthma can't be cured, but its symptoms can be controlled. Because asthma often changes over time, it's important that you work with your doctor to track your signs and symptoms and adjust your treatment as needed.

Symptoms

Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at certain times - such as when exercising - or have symptoms all the time.

Asthma signs and symptoms include:

Shortness of breath

Chest tightness or pain

Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children

Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing

Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu

Signs that your asthma is probably worsening include:

Asthma signs and symptoms that are more frequent and bothersome

Increasing difficulty breathing, as measured with a device used to check how well your lungs are working (peak flow meter)

The need to use a quick-relief inhaler more often

For some people, asthma signs and symptoms flare up in certain situations:

Exercise-induced asthma, which may be worse when the air is cold and dry

Occupational asthma, triggered by workplace irritants such as chemical fumes, gases or dust

Allergy-induced asthma, triggered by airborne substances, such as pollen, mold spores, cockroach waste, or particles of skin and dried saliva shed by pets (pet dander)

When to see a doctor

Seek emergency treatment

Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Work with your doctor to determine what to do when your signs and symptoms worsen - and when you need emergency treatment. Signs of an asthma emergency include:

Rapid worsening of shortness of breath or wheezing

No improvement even after using a quick-relief inhaler

Shortness of breath when you are doing minimal physical activity

Contact your doctor

See your doctor:

If you think you have asthma. If you have frequent coughing or wheezing that lasts more than a few days or any other signs or symptoms of asthma, see your doctor. Treating asthma early may prevent long-term lung damage and help keep the condition from getting worse over time.

To monitor your asthma after diagnosis. If you know you have asthma, work with your doctor to keep it under control. Good long-term control helps you feel better from day to day and can prevent a life-threatening asthma attack.

If your asthma symptoms get worse. Contact your doctor right away if your medication doesn't seem to ease your symptoms or if you need to use your quick-relief inhaler more often.

Don't take more medication than prescribed without consulting your doctor first. Overusing asthma medication can cause side effects and may make your asthma worse.

To review your treatment. Asthma often changes over time. Meet with your doctor regularly to discuss your symptoms and make any needed treatment adjustments.

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Causes

It isn't clear why some people get asthma and others don't, but it's probably due to a combination of environmental and inherited (genetic) factors.

Asthma triggers

Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens) can trigger signs and symptoms of asthma. Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include:

Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste

Respiratory infections, such as the common cold

Physical activity

Cold air

Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke

Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)

Strong emotions and stress

Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed potatoes, beer and wine

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acids back up into your throat

Risk factors

A number of factors are thought to increase your chances of developing asthma. They include:

Having a blood relative with asthma, such as a parent or sibling

Having another allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis - which causes red, itchy skin - or hay fever - which causes a runny nose, congestion and itchy eyes

Being overweight

Being a smoker

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution

Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

Complications

Asthma complications include:

Signs and symptoms that interfere with sleep, work and other activities

Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-ups

A permanent narrowing of the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs (bronchial tubes), which affects how well you can breathe

Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for severe asthma attacks

Side effects from long-term use of some medications used to stabilize severe asthma

Proper treatment makes a big difference in preventing both short-term and long-term complications caused by asthma.

Prevention

While there's no way to prevent asthma, you and your doctor can design a step-by-step plan for living with your condition and preventing asthma attacks.

Follow your asthma action plan. With your doctor and health care team, write a detailed plan for taking medications and managing an asthma attack. Then be sure to follow your plan.

Asthma is an ongoing condition that needs regular monitoring and treatment. Taking control of your treatment can make you feel more in control of your life.

Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia. Staying current with vaccinations can prevent flu and pneumonia from triggering asthma flare-ups.

Identify and avoid asthma triggers. A number of outdoor allergens and irritants - ranging from pollen and mold to cold air and air pollution - can trigger asthma attacks. Find out what causes or worsens your asthma, and take steps to avoid those triggers.

Monitor your breathing. You may learn to recognize warning signs of an impending attack, such as slight coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath.

But because your lung function may decrease before you notice any signs or symptoms, regularly measure and record your peak airflow with a home peak flow meter. A peak flow meter measures how hard you can breathe out. Your doctor can show you how to monitor your peak flow at home.

Identify and treat attacks early. If you act quickly, you're less likely to have a severe attack. You also won't need as much medication to control your symptoms.

When your peak flow measurements decrease and alert you to an oncoming attack, take your medication as instructed. Also, immediately stop any activity that may have triggered the attack. If your symptoms don't improve, get medical help as directed in your action plan.

Take your medication as prescribed. Don't change your medications without first talking to your doctor, even if your asthma seems to be improving. It's a good idea to bring your medications with you to each doctor visit. Your doctor can make sure you're using your medications correctly and taking the right dose.

Pay attention to increasing quick-relief inhaler use. If you find yourself relying on your quick-relief inhaler, such as albuterol, your asthma isn't under control. See your doctor about adjusting your treatment.

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Find out what can trigger asthma and how to relieve your symptoms and breathe easier.

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-shortness of breath
-chest pain
-wheezing when exhaling
-trouble sleeping due to trouble breathing

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Overview

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath.

For some people, asthma is a minor nuisance. For others, it can be a major problem that interferes with daily activities and may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack.

Asthma can't be cured, but its symptoms can be controlled. Because asthma often changes over time, it's important that you work with your doctor to track your signs and symptoms and adjust your treatment as needed.

Symptoms

Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at certain times - such as when exercising - or have symptoms all the time.

Asthma signs and symptoms include:

Shortness of breath

Chest tightness or pain

Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children

Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing

Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu

Signs that your asthma is probably worsening include:

Asthma signs and symptoms that are more frequent and bothersome

Increasing difficulty breathing, as measured with a device used to check how well your lungs are working (peak flow meter)

The need to use a quick-relief inhaler more often

For some people, asthma signs and symptoms flare up in certain situations:

Exercise-induced asthma, which may be worse when the air is cold and dry

Occupational asthma, triggered by workplace irritants such as chemical fumes, gases or dust

Allergy-induced asthma, triggered by airborne substances, such as pollen, mold spores, cockroach waste, or particles of skin and dried saliva shed by pets (pet dander)

When to see a doctor

Seek emergency treatment

Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Work with your doctor to determine what to do when your signs and symptoms worsen - and when you need emergency treatment. Signs of an asthma emergency include:

Rapid worsening of shortness of breath or wheezing

No improvement even after using a quick-relief inhaler

Shortness of breath when you are doing minimal physical activity

Contact your doctor

See your doctor:

If you think you have asthma. If you have frequent coughing or wheezing that lasts more than a few days or any other signs or symptoms of asthma, see your doctor. Treating asthma early may prevent long-term lung damage and help keep the condition from getting worse over time.

To monitor your asthma after diagnosis. If you know you have asthma, work with your doctor to keep it under control. Good long-term control helps you feel better from day to day and can prevent a life-threatening asthma attack.

If your asthma symptoms get worse. Contact your doctor right away if your medication doesn't seem to ease your symptoms or if you need to use your quick-relief inhaler more often.

Don't take more medication than prescribed without consulting your doctor first. Overusing asthma medication can cause side effects and may make your asthma worse.

To review your treatment. Asthma often changes over time. Meet with your doctor regularly to discuss your symptoms and make any needed treatment adjustments.

From Mayo Clinic to your inbox

Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health. Click here for an email preview.

Email field is required

Include a valid email address

Learn more about Mayo Clinic's use of data.

To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail.

Thank you for subscribing!

You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox.

Sorry something went wrong with your subscription

Please, try again in a couple of minutes

Causes

It isn't clear why some people get asthma and others don't, but it's probably due to a combination of environmental and inherited (genetic) factors.

Asthma triggers

Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens) can trigger signs and symptoms of asthma. Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include:

Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste

Respiratory infections, such as the common cold

Physical activity

Cold air

Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke

Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)

Strong emotions and stress

Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed potatoes, beer and wine

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acids back up into your throat

Risk factors

A number of factors are thought to increase your chances of developing asthma. They include:

Having a blood relative with asthma, such as a parent or sibling

Having another allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis - which causes red, itchy skin - or hay fever - which causes a runny nose, congestion and itchy eyes

Being overweight

Being a smoker

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution

Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

Complications

Asthma complications include:

Signs and symptoms that interfere with sleep, work and other activities

Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-ups

A permanent narrowing of the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs (bronchial tubes), which affects how well you can breathe

Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for severe asthma attacks

Side effects from long-term use of some medications used to stabilize severe asthma

Proper treatment makes a big difference in preventing both short-term and long-term complications caused by asthma.

Prevention

While there's no way to prevent asthma, you and your doctor can design a step-by-step plan for living with your condition and preventing asthma attacks.

Follow your asthma action plan. With your doctor and health care team, write a detailed plan for taking medications and managing an asthma attack. Then be sure to follow your plan.

Asthma is an ongoing condition that needs regular monitoring and treatment. Taking control of your treatment can make you feel more in control of your life.

Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia. Staying current with vaccinations can prevent flu and pneumonia from triggering asthma flare-ups.

Identify and avoid asthma triggers. A number of outdoor allergens and irritants - ranging from pollen and mold to cold air and air pollution - can trigger asthma attacks. Find out what causes or worsens your asthma, and take steps to avoid those triggers.

Monitor your breathing. You may learn to recognize warning signs of an impending attack, such as slight coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath.

But because your lung function may decrease before you notice any signs or symptoms, regularly measure and record your peak airflow with a home peak flow meter. A peak flow meter measures how hard you can breathe out. Your doctor can show you how to monitor your peak flow at home.

Identify and treat attacks early. If you act quickly, you're less likely to have a severe attack. You also won't need as much medication to control your symptoms.

When your peak flow measurements decrease and alert you to an oncoming attack, take your medication as instructed. Also, immediately stop any activity that may have triggered the attack. If your symptoms don't improve, get medical help as directed in your action plan.

Take your medication as prescribed. Don't change your medications without first talking to your doctor, even if your asthma seems to be improving. It's a good idea to bring your medications with you to each doctor visit. Your doctor can make sure you're using your medications correctly and taking the right dose.

Pay attention to increasing quick-relief inhaler use. If you find yourself relying on your quick-relief inhaler, such as albuterol, your asthma isn't under control. See your doctor about adjusting your treatment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Find out what can trigger asthma and how to relieve your symptoms and breathe easier.

# data[].attributes.body
Asthma is a condition where your airways swell and produce extra mucus, which makes it harder to breathe.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Overview

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath.

For some people, asthma is a minor nuisance. For others, it can be a major problem that interferes with daily activities and may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack.

Asthma can't be cured, but its symptoms can be controlled. Because asthma often changes over time, it's important that you work with your doctor to track your signs and symptoms and adjust your treatment as needed.

Symptoms

Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at certain times - such as when exercising - or have symptoms all the time.

Asthma signs and symptoms include:

Shortness of breath

Chest tightness or pain

Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children

Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing

Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu

Signs that your asthma is probably worsening include:

Asthma signs and symptoms that are more frequent and bothersome

Increasing difficulty breathing, as measured with a device used to check how well your lungs are working (peak flow meter)

The need to use a quick-relief inhaler more often

For some people, asthma signs and symptoms flare up in certain situations:

Exercise-induced asthma, which may be worse when the air is cold and dry

Occupational asthma, triggered by workplace irritants such as chemical fumes, gases or dust

Allergy-induced asthma, triggered by airborne substances, such as pollen, mold spores, cockroach waste, or particles of skin and dried saliva shed by pets (pet dander)

When to see a doctor

Seek emergency treatment

Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Work with your doctor to determine what to do when your signs and symptoms worsen - and when you need emergency treatment. Signs of an asthma emergency include:

Rapid worsening of shortness of breath or wheezing

No improvement even after using a quick-relief inhaler

Shortness of breath when you are doing minimal physical activity

Contact your doctor

See your doctor:

If you think you have asthma. If you have frequent coughing or wheezing that lasts more than a few days or any other signs or symptoms of asthma, see your doctor. Treating asthma early may prevent long-term lung damage and help keep the condition from getting worse over time.

To monitor your asthma after diagnosis. If you know you have asthma, work with your doctor to keep it under control. Good long-term control helps you feel better from day to day and can prevent a life-threatening asthma attack.

If your asthma symptoms get worse. Contact your doctor right away if your medication doesn't seem to ease your symptoms or if you need to use your quick-relief inhaler more often.

Don't take more medication than prescribed without consulting your doctor first. Overusing asthma medication can cause side effects and may make your asthma worse.

To review your treatment. Asthma often changes over time. Meet with your doctor regularly to discuss your symptoms and make any needed treatment adjustments.

From Mayo Clinic to your inbox

Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health. Click here for an email preview.

Email field is required

Include a valid email address

Learn more about Mayo Clinic's use of data.

To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail.

Thank you for subscribing!

You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox.

Sorry something went wrong with your subscription

Please, try again in a couple of minutes

Causes

It isn't clear why some people get asthma and others don't, but it's probably due to a combination of environmental and inherited (genetic) factors.

Asthma triggers

Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens) can trigger signs and symptoms of asthma. Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include:

Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste

Respiratory infections, such as the common cold

Physical activity

Cold air

Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke

Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve)

Strong emotions and stress

Sulfites and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed potatoes, beer and wine

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acids back up into your throat

Risk factors

A number of factors are thought to increase your chances of developing asthma. They include:

Having a blood relative with asthma, such as a parent or sibling

Having another allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis - which causes red, itchy skin - or hay fever - which causes a runny nose, congestion and itchy eyes

Being overweight

Being a smoker

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution

Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

Complications

Asthma complications include:

Signs and symptoms that interfere with sleep, work and other activities

Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-ups

A permanent narrowing of the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs (bronchial tubes), which affects how well you can breathe

Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for severe asthma attacks

Side effects from long-term use of some medications used to stabilize severe asthma

Proper treatment makes a big difference in preventing both short-term and long-term complications caused by asthma.

Prevention

While there's no way to prevent asthma, you and your doctor can design a step-by-step plan for living with your condition and preventing asthma attacks.

Follow your asthma action plan. With your doctor and health care team, write a detailed plan for taking medications and managing an asthma attack. Then be sure to follow your plan.

Asthma is an ongoing condition that needs regular monitoring and treatment. Taking control of your treatment can make you feel more in control of your life.

Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia. Staying current with vaccinations can prevent flu and pneumonia from triggering asthma flare-ups.

Identify and avoid asthma triggers. A number of outdoor allergens and irritants - ranging from pollen and mold to cold air and air pollution - can trigger asthma attacks. Find out what causes or worsens your asthma, and take steps to avoid those triggers.

Monitor your breathing. You may learn to recognize warning signs of an impending attack, such as slight coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath.

But because your lung function may decrease before you notice any signs or symptoms, regularly measure and record your peak airflow with a home peak flow meter. A peak flow meter measures how hard you can breathe out. Your doctor can show you how to monitor your peak flow at home.

Identify and treat attacks early. If you act quickly, you're less likely to have a severe attack. You also won't need as much medication to control your symptoms.

When your peak flow measurements decrease and alert you to an oncoming attack, take your medication as instructed. Also, immediately stop any activity that may have triggered the attack. If your symptoms don't improve, get medical help as directed in your action plan.

Take your medication as prescribed. Don't change your medications without first talking to your doctor, even if your asthma seems to be improving. It's a good idea to bring your medications with you to each doctor visit. Your doctor can make sure you're using your medications correctly and taking the right dose.

Pay attention to increasing quick-relief inhaler use. If you find yourself relying on your quick-relief inhaler, such as albuterol, your asthma isn't under control. See your doctor about adjusting your treatment.

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Find out what can trigger asthma and how to relieve your symptoms and breathe easier.

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Showing no symptoms (of a condition of a person)

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In medicine, a disease is considered asymptomatic if a patient is a carrier for a disease or infection but experiences no symptoms. A condition might be asymptomatic if it fails to show the noticeable symptoms with which it is usually associated. Asymptomatic infections are also called subclinical infections.