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At least 400 women disguised themselves and fought for Union and Confederate armies.

Women increasingly took over jobs in factories and farms as men left for war.

The war created an opportunity for women to become teachers and nurses, professions dominated by men before the war.

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January 1, 1863.  Lincoln freed the slaves in all the states that were fighting against the Union, so, it actually freed ZERO slaves.  However, it changed the objective of the war; It was now a war to preserve the Union and end slavery.  It also kept Britain from helping the South as they wouldn’t fight to help keep people enslaved.  Additionally, the proclamation made it possible for African Americans to join the Union Army.

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The results show us just how DIVIDED the country was at this time

Southern states realize that with Lincoln’s election they have to take action

They decide to break away starting on December 20th, 1860 with South Carolina …by February 1861,  6 other states had seceded with South Carolina

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-defend until north gets tired of fighting and gives up thinking they would let them be.
-get help from Britain and other European allies
- not so much strategies just a hit or miss

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-naval blockade of southern seaports to block import of manufactured goods and block the sale of cotton exports.
-control the miss. river to cripple southern transportation link and split the south in two.
-seize confederate capital, Richmond (100 miles from DC)

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Rifles and cannons became more powerful, accurate, and deadly.
3 shots per minute in 1861, for a good and quick loader for guns.
Could shoot 200-500 yards

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-confederates had excellent generals such as Robert E.Lee and Thomas Jackson
-Farmers fight better than factory workers
-profitable economy based on cotton exports
Disadvantage
-much smaller population (9 million, plus 3.5 million slaves
- Would have to import everything

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- larger population 22 million
-efficient railroad systems
-controlled the navy
-capable military leaders- Ulysses S.Grand

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-people who hid or helped  runaway slaves would be fined and/or arrested
-Fugitive slaves cannot testify in court
-slaves were returned to your masters down south

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children as young as 7 had to help around in the factories. Sometimes families were separated never seeing their parents or children again because of being sold o different owners.

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-Treated as "things" not people.
-Couldn't testify a
-couldn't go to public school
-could not vote
-could not serve on juries
-worked as heavy farm labor

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Mild, winters and long hot summers. A perfect place for raising warm-weather crops that would have withered and died further north

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Better Roads

Faster Steamboats and River Travel

Efficient Railway system- ms burns

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"In the North, there were a variety of climates and natural features. Northerners adapted to these geographical differences by creating different industries and ways of making a living"-ms burns

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In the North, All the Northern states experienced four distinct seasons

Both freezing winters to hot, humid summers.

Different areas of the North had distinctive natural features.

The jagged New England coast, for example, had hundreds of bays and inlets that were perfect for use as harbors. - ms burns

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Before then many Americans believed in predestination or the idea that god decided the fate of their soul at birth New ideas that a persons actions or free will determined where they would end up!

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"Thanks to the Industrial Revolution, the Northern economy grew rapidly after 1800. By 1860, the value of manufacturing in the North was significantly greater than in the South."- Ms Burns

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"to make change in order to bring about improvement, end abuses, or correct injustices in society."- tci

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Margaret fuller

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Movement called for an end to slavery. Abolitionists were reformers working to end slavery all over the US, used their newspapers magazines, speeches, and other movements to help end slavery.

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Massachusetts becomes the first state use taxes to set up public schools free, from religion. Only Wealthy, no poor, many Americans couldn't read or write . The corporal punishment was another term for punishing misbehaving students. Like teachers may humiliate students or even spank them.

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Before the 1800's the mentally ill were kept at home or imprisoned. Boston school teacher who was asked to teach Sunday school at the East Cambridge house of correction in 1841.

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revivals Encouraged people to return to god. Their listeners prayed, shouted, sang hymns, and sometimes even cried for hours

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The second great awakening was a religious movement in america.