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To review  background information and to critically illustrate the recorded study or reserach, the research gap, and writer's contributions.

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To review  background information and to critically illustrate the recorded study or reserach, the research gap, and writer's contributions.

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Xia Mingxia ;Mi Shuyuan;He Xinzhi; Wang Yan Xueyang

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Literature review provides background information about certain topics, the research gap, as well as author's contributions to the readers. A good literature review helps readers to have a better and explicit understanding of the research contents.

# data[].attributes.subject
Literature review provides background information about certain topics, the research gap, as well as author's contributions to the readers. A good literature review helps readers to have a better and explicit understanding of the research contents.

# data[].attributes.body
Xia Mingxia ;Mi Shuyuan;He Xinzhi; Wang Yan Xueyang

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Three main types.They are: evaluative, exploratory, and instrumental. A fourth type, the systematic review, is essentially a literature review focused on a research question, trying to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high-quality research evidence and arguments relevant to that question.

# data[].attributes.subject
Three main types.They are: evaluative, exploratory, and instrumental. A fourth type, the systematic review, is essentially a literature review focused on a research question, trying to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high-quality research evidence and arguments relevant to that question.

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Deng Lishan; Fu Majiahui; Li Shuchen; Xing Yulu

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1.It describes how the proposed research is related to prior research which called contest.2.It shows the originality and relevance of your research questions.3. It creates a rapport with your audience.4. It helps you avoid incidental plagiarism.5. It sharpens your research focus.

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1.It describes how the proposed research is related to prior research which called contest.2.It shows the originality and relevance of your research questions.3. It creates a rapport with your audience.4. It helps you avoid incidental plagiarism.5. It sharpens your research focus.

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Huang Xiaoyun ; He Fei;Zhao Ximan;Li Gaojie

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According to different nature of the research, literature reviews have different purposes.1.The purposes of simple review: Present the current knowledge about topic. 2.The purpose of the complex review:  Describe the current state of knowledge about topic, Find a research gap and develop the appropriate methods for further research. (Machi & McEvoy, 2016, p3-4)

# data[].attributes.subject
According to different nature of the research, literature reviews have different purposes.1.The purposes of simple review: Present the current knowledge about topic. 2.The purpose of the complex review:  Describe the current state of knowledge about topic, Find a research gap and develop the appropriate methods for further research. (Machi & McEvoy, 2016, p3-4)

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Huang Xiaoyun ; He Fei;Zhao Ximan;Li Gaojie

# data[].attributes.headline
1.The Systematic Review is important to health care and medical trials, and other subjects where methodology and data are important.2.The Quantitative or Qualitative Meta-analysis Review can both make up the whole or part of systematic review(s).3.The Critical Review is like a literature review, but requires a more detailed examination of the literature, in order to compare and evaluate a number of perspectives.4.The Conceptual Review groups articles according to concepts, or categories, or themes. 5.The State-of-the-Art Review is conducted periodically, with a focus on the most recent research. ( Grant & Booth, 2009)

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1.The Systematic Review is important to health care and medical trials, and other subjects where methodology and data are important.2.The Quantitative or Qualitative Meta-analysis Review can both make up the whole or part of systematic review(s).3.The Critical Review is like a literature review, but requires a more detailed examination of the literature, in order to compare and evaluate a number of perspectives.4.The Conceptual Review groups articles according to concepts, or categories, or themes. 5.The State-of-the-Art Review is conducted periodically, with a focus on the most recent research. ( Grant & Booth, 2009)

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Huang Xiaoyun ; He Fei;Zhao Ximan;Li Gaojie

# data[].attributes.headline
Six stages. 1.select a topic 2.search the literature, select the appropriate literature.       3.develop the argument,making the case to arrange your findings logically. 4. survey the literature,building the argument of discovery.     5.critique the literature, interpreting the research.        6. write the review

# data[].attributes.subject
Six stages. 1.select a topic 2.search the literature, select the appropriate literature.       3.develop the argument,making the case to arrange your findings logically. 4. survey the literature,building the argument of discovery.     5.critique the literature, interpreting the research.        6. write the review

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1)Narrative literature reviews critique and summarize a body of literature about the thesis topic. 2)	Systematic literature review is comprehensive and details the timeframe within which the literature was selected. 3)Argumentative literature review, examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument.4)	Integrative literature review reviews, critiques, and synthesizes secondary data about research topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated.5)	Theoretical literature review focuses on a pool of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena.

# data[].attributes.subject
1)Narrative literature reviews critique and summarize a body of literature about the thesis topic. 2)	Systematic literature review is comprehensive and details the timeframe within which the literature was selected. 3)Argumentative literature review, examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument.4)	Integrative literature review reviews, critiques, and synthesizes secondary data about research topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated.5)	Theoretical literature review focuses on a pool of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena.

# data[].attributes.body
Xia Mingxia ; Mi Shuyuan; He Xinzhi; Wang Yan Xueyang

# data[].attributes.body
Huang Xiaoyun ; He Fei;Zhao Ximan;Li Gaojie (group 8)

# data[].attributes.body
1，Select  the research topic
2,   Collect  literature reviews relating the topic,
3,   Outline the literature review ( screening of the literature）
4，Write the literature review ( introduction，main part， summary）

Xia Mingxia ; Mi Shuyuan; He Xinzhi; Wang Yan Xueyang

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1. In preparation stage, searching for relevant literature reviews is difficult as the resource we find may have little connection with the topic we chose.                                    2. Difficulty in paraphrasing the comments or arguments in academic style.     

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1. In preparation stage, searching for relevant literature reviews is difficult as the resource we find may have little connection with the topic we chose.                                    2. Difficulty in paraphrasing the comments or arguments in academic style.     

# data[].attributes.body
Huang Xiaoyun ; He Fei;Zhao Ximan;Li Gaojie

# data[].attributes.headline
There are several kinds of literature review, we usually concentrate on 6 types.

# data[].attributes.subject
There are several kinds of literature review, we usually concentrate on 6 types.

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1. argumentative review.
It usually  examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature. It aims to develop a contrarian viewpoint. It is a legitimate and important form of a discourse. However, it sometimes leads to problems of bias.

2. intergrative review.
Consider a form of research in an intergrated way so that it can generate a new frameworks and perspectives on a topic. With all studies that address related or identical hypotheses in the body of literature, it meets the same standards as primary research in regard to clarity, rigor, and replication.

3. Historical Review.
History means past, we could learn from the past. This review usually concentrate on research throughout a period of time, from the first tiem emergence to its evolutionary process tracing. The purpose is to place research in a historical context to show familiarity with state-of-the-art developments and to identify the likely directions for future research.

4. Methodological Review.
What someone said is not what we discuss, we focus on how they said it, that is, the method. It enables researcher to go further about matters they concerntrated on.

5. Systematic Review.
an overview of existing evidence pertinent to a clearly formulated research question, which uses pre-specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect, report, and analyse data from the studies that are included in the review.

6. Theoretical Review.
concretely examining the corpus of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena. This review helps establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested.

Group:
Zhu Junfeng;
Tan Zixin;
Chen Yuxuan;
Mou Yajing;
Liu Xuezheng

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A literature review can demonstrate that a student is aware of the wide range of research related to the topic. I t can show that the student understand the published research. It provides evidence that the research will be an original and relevant contribution to statistics. 

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A literature review can demonstrate that a student is aware of the wide range of research related to the topic. I t can show that the student understand the published research. It provides evidence that the research will be an original and relevant contribution to statistics. 

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Deng Lishan; Fu Majiahui; Li Shuchen; Xing Yulu

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The purpose of literature review is to provide foundation of knowledge; identify areas of prior scholarship and give credit to other researchers; identify need for additional research; identify the relationship between the works and to other works; place your own research within the context of existing literature;identify inconstancies.

# data[].attributes.subject
The purpose of literature review is to provide foundation of knowledge; identify areas of prior scholarship and give credit to other researchers; identify need for additional research; identify the relationship between the works and to other works; place your own research within the context of existing literature;identify inconstancies.

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Deng Lishan; Fu Majiahui; Li Shuchen; Xing Yulu

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According to the depth and focus of the literature review, it can be divided into four types: sexual review, factual review, critical review, and predictive review.                         According to the breadth of the literature can be divided into: thematic review, comprehensive review According to the use, it can be divided into: leadership decision-making review, scientific popularization review                          According to the writing angle, it can be divided into: longitudinal review, horizontal review                          According to the purpose of writing, it can be divided into: summary of scientific results, a summary of solving specific problems.                    According to the original literature categories can be divided into: book literature review, patent literature review, conference literature review                  

# data[].attributes.subject
According to the depth and focus of the literature review, it can be divided into four types: sexual review, factual review, critical review, and predictive review.                         According to the breadth of the literature can be divided into: thematic review, comprehensive review According to the use, it can be divided into: leadership decision-making review, scientific popularization review                          According to the writing angle, it can be divided into: longitudinal review, horizontal review                          According to the purpose of writing, it can be divided into: summary of scientific results, a summary of solving specific problems.                    According to the original literature categories can be divided into: book literature review, patent literature review, conference literature review                  

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Group 10:
Luo Guanying
Zhan Xinying
Li Chenwei
Chen Jielin

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Four stages/1.Search a specific topic 2.Select some literature review relating to your specific topic 3.Summarize literature review4.Write references

# data[].attributes.subject
Four stages/1.Search a specific topic 2.Select some literature review relating to your specific topic 3.Summarize literature review4.Write references

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ZHUXINYANG,CHENXIN,HUANGWEN,XIEYUMENG

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1.It helps to search for related literature in a specific topic that you are interested in. 2.It summarizes key finding from past studies.3.It refers theoretical and methodological contributions of past studies.4.It helps to find a limitations of previous studies.5.Identify possible research gaps and present the significance of your study.6.Link your study to previous studies and highlight its .7.It is significance to expand previous research.

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1.It helps to search for related literature in a specific topic that you are interested in. 2.It summarizes key finding from past studies.3.It refers theoretical and methodological contributions of past studies.4.It helps to find a limitations of previous studies.5.Identify possible research gaps and present the significance of your study.6.Link your study to previous studies and highlight its .7.It is significance to expand previous research.

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Group members:ZHUXINYANG,CHENXIN,HUANGWEN,XIEYUMENG

# data[].attributes.headline
Chen Jielin; Li Chenwei; Luo Guanying; Zhan Xinying( Group 10 )

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Chen Jielin; Li Chenwei; Luo Guanying; Zhan Xinying( Group 10 )

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There are several types of literature review,including:
1)Argumentative Review
This form examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature. But this form can introduce problems of bias when it is used to to make summary claims of the sort found in systematic reviews.
2)Integrative Review Considered a form of research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated.
3)Historical Review Historical reviews are focused on examining research throughout a period of time, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline.
4)Methodological Review A review does not always focus on what someone said [content], but how they said it [method of analysis].
5)Systematic Review This form consists of an overview of existing evidence pertinent to a clearly formulated research question, which uses pre-specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect, report, and analyse data from the studies that are included in the review. Typically it focuses on a very specific empirical question, often posed in a cause-and-effect form, such as "To what extent does A contribute to B?"
6)Theoretical Review The purpose of this form is to concretely examine the corpus of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena.The unit of analysis can focus on a theoretical concept or a whole theory or framework.

Chen Jielin; Li Chenwei; Luo Guanying; Zhan Xinying( Group 10 )

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1.How to classify the literature in the research field and make an effective summary.

2.How to accurately find the documents we need.

3.How to screen useful content in the article

4.How to describe the research gap more academically.

ZHUXINYANG,CHENXIN,XIEYUMENG,HUANGWEN

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Topic：The significance  of free play for early childhood children

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Topic：The significance  of free play for early childhood children

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ZHUXINYANG,CHENXIN,HUANGWEN,XIEYUMENG

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1.Select the topic
2.Collect literatures. Then search, filter  and accumulate relevant information 
3.Process the materials of the literature, combine their own experience and integrate into the subjective data.
4.Formulate the first draft
5.Modify the draft repeatedly and write the final essay

# data[].attributes.subject
1.Select the topic
2.Collect literatures. Then search, filter  and accumulate relevant information 
3.Process the materials of the literature, combine their own experience and integrate into the subjective data.
4.Formulate the first draft
5.Modify the draft repeatedly and write the final essay

# data[].attributes.body
Five stages as follows:
1.Select the topic

2.Collect literatures. Then search, filter  and accumulate relevant information

3.Process the materials of the literature, combine their own experience and integrate into the subjective data.

4.Formulate the first draft

5.Modify the draft repeatedly and write the final essay
(Group 10) Chen Jielin; Li Chenwei; Luo Guanying; Zhan Xinying.

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1.To expand previous research. 2.Find a research gap and solve or improve this gap(s). 3.Argumentative literature review, it examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature.

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1.To expand previous research. 2.Find a research gap and solve or improve this gap(s). 3.Argumentative literature review, it examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature.

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ZHUXINYANG,CHENXIN,HUANGWEN,XIEYUMENG

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Seven stages:
1.Narrow the topic and select the paper accordingly
2.Search for literature
3.Read the selected article thoroughly and evaluate them
4. Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing subtopics
5.Develop a thesis or purpose statement

6.Write the paper
7.Review the work

Pan Jiaqi，Zhao Qing，

Qiu Xiangyu,Lu Jing

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Journal article of empirical research Meta-analysis ; Review article ; Book chapter ;Conference paper ; Dissertation ; Government report ;personal article,Integrative literature review reviews, Critiques,synthesizes secondary data .

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Journal article of empirical research Meta-analysis ; Review article ; Book chapter ;Conference paper ; Dissertation ; Government report ;personal article,Integrative literature review reviews, Critiques,synthesizes secondary data .

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ZHUXINYANG,CHENXIN,HUANGWEN,XIEYUMENG

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1.Decide on a topic

2.Identify the literature that we will review

3.Analyze the literature

4.Summarize the literature in table or concept map format

5.Writing the review
Wang Zewei , Shi Kaiqi ,The Mayor,Wu Yao

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The literature review can be divided into six types,including Argumentative Review,Integrative Review,.Historical Review ,Methodological Review, Systematic Review and Theoretical Review.

1.Argumentative Review
This form examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature. The purpose is to develop a body of literature that establishes a contrarian viewpoint.However, they can also introduce problems of bias.
2.Integrative Review
Considered a form of research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated. The body of literature includes all studies that address related or identical hypotheses.
3.Historical Review
Few things rest in isolation from historical precedent. Historical reviews are focused on examining research throughout a period of time, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline. 4.Methodological Review
A review does not always focus on what someone said [content], but how they said it [method of analysis]. This approach provides a framework of understanding at different levels (i.e. those of theory, substantive fields, research approaches and data collection and analysis techniques).
5.Systematic Review
This form consists of an overview of existing evidence pertinent to a clearly formulated research question, which uses pre-specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect, report, and analyse data from the studies that are included in the review. Typically it focuses on a very specific empirical question, often posed in a cause-and-effect form.
6.Theoretical Review
The theoretical literature review help establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested.

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A literature review is essential because it provides a comprehensive overview and recapitulation on the given scholarship from past to present, offering the readers a sense of focus as to which direction the new research is headed and clarifying the purpose of the research. It also helps：1. creat a rapport with the readers; 2. avoid plagiarism;3. sharpen the research focus.

# data[].attributes.subject
A literature review is essential because it provides a comprehensive overview and recapitulation on the given scholarship from past to present, offering the readers a sense of focus as to which direction the new research is headed and clarifying the purpose of the research. It also helps：1. creat a rapport with the readers; 2. avoid plagiarism;3. sharpen the research focus.

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Wang Wenjie, Zu Liyang, Miao Jingjing, Wang Ai

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Stage 1 Make a choice of the area of the research

Stage 2 Search for a relevant liteature

Stage 3 Read through the literature and select useful excerpts

Stage 4 Make a thorough comprehension of the literature

Stage 5 Constuct an outline and organize ideas

Stage 6 Start writing the literature review

MIAO JINGJING WANG AI, ZU LI YANG WANG WENJIE

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The purpose of the literature review is to help identify research topics and different insights into research questions, make research more logical, highlight the research value of selected topics, and provide the necessary research foundation for the paper.

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The purpose of the literature review is to help identify research topics and different insights into research questions, make research more logical, highlight the research value of selected topics, and provide the necessary research foundation for the paper.

# data[].attributes.body
Wang Wenjie, Zu Liyang, Miao Jingjing, Wang Ai

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The literature review is important because: 1 It describes how the proposed research is related to prior research in statistics, bridging the previous study and current study. 2 It shows the originality and relevance of your research problem. 3 It justifies your research methods and your preparation.

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The literature review is important because: 1 It describes how the proposed research is related to prior research in statistics, bridging the previous study and current study. 2 It shows the originality and relevance of your research problem. 3 It justifies your research methods and your preparation.

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Group members: FANG Yiran, LI Pan, LI Qinghua, LIN Ruoying

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1.It provides proof  that you have an deep understanding of the literature  and its relationship to the proposed research.
2.It demonstrates your research is different from others and  avoid unnecessary duplication of previous research.
3.Hone your skills in identifying and analysing unbiased and valid data on various topics or fields of study.

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1.It provides proof  that you have an deep understanding of the literature  and its relationship to the proposed research.
2.It demonstrates your research is different from others and  avoid unnecessary duplication of previous research.
3.Hone your skills in identifying and analysing unbiased and valid data on various topics or fields of study.

# data[].attributes.body
Luo guanying

Zhan xinying

Li chenwei

Chen jielin

# data[].attributes.body
The purpose of literature review is to: 1 Provide the foundation knowledge of theory and methods on topic.

2 Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication and give credit to other researchers.

3 Show that the student has the ability to communicate the understanding of the statistical literature and its relationship to the proposed research.

Group members: FANG Yiran, LI Pan, LI Qinghua, LIN Ruoying

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The purpose of the literature review is  a means of demonstrating the author’s knowledge about a particular field of study, including vocabulary, theories, key variables and phenomena, and its methods and history. Conducting a literature review also informs the student of the influential researchers and research groups in the field (Randolph, 2009).

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The purpose of the literature review is  a means of demonstrating the author’s knowledge about a particular field of study, including vocabulary, theories, key variables and phenomena, and its methods and history. Conducting a literature review also informs the student of the influential researchers and research groups in the field (Randolph, 2009).

# data[].attributes.body
Luo guanying

Zhan xinying

Li chenwei

Chen jielin

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Based on the USC library, the literature review can be summarized 6 types, namely Argumentative Review, Integrative Review, Historical Review, Methodological Review, Systematic Review, Theoretical Review.

# data[].attributes.subject
Based on the USC library, the literature review can be summarized 6 types, namely Argumentative Review, Integrative Review, Historical Review, Methodological Review, Systematic Review, Theoretical Review.

# data[].attributes.body
Group members: FANG Yiran, LI Pan, LI Qinghua, LIN Ruoying

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Generally, a literature review is composed of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. To be more specific, there are 9 steps to write a literature review: 1 Find a working topic. 2 Review the literature. 3 Narrowly focus on your topic and select papers accordingly. 4 Read and selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them. 5 Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing subtopics. 6 Develop a working thesis.7 Organize your own paper based on findings from the papers you read. 8 Write a body of the paper. 9 Look at what you have written: focus on analysis, not description.

# data[].attributes.subject
Generally, a literature review is composed of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. To be more specific, there are 9 steps to write a literature review: 1 Find a working topic. 2 Review the literature. 3 Narrowly focus on your topic and select papers accordingly. 4 Read and selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them. 5 Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing subtopics. 6 Develop a working thesis.7 Organize your own paper based on findings from the papers you read. 8 Write a body of the paper. 9 Look at what you have written: focus on analysis, not description.

# data[].attributes.body
Group members: FANG Yiran, LI Pan, LI Qinghua, LIN Ruoying

# data[].attributes.headline
After group discussion, we have listed the difficulties to write a literature review: 1 How and what kinds of papers/articles should be selected, how many? 2 How to pose a clear-cut start in the literature review with the selected papers and the specific structure of the literature review, as well as the proportion of each part? 3 Which part should be the main body of the literature review, the description of literature or main analysis and synthesis of the literature?

# data[].attributes.subject
After group discussion, we have listed the difficulties to write a literature review: 1 How and what kinds of papers/articles should be selected, how many? 2 How to pose a clear-cut start in the literature review with the selected papers and the specific structure of the literature review, as well as the proportion of each part? 3 Which part should be the main body of the literature review, the description of literature or main analysis and synthesis of the literature?

# data[].attributes.body
Group members: FANG Yiran, LI Pan, LI Qinghua, LIN Ruoying

# data[].attributes.headline
TOPIC： Research on Online Learning Methods-Based on IELTS Exam Participants in Shanghai 

# data[].attributes.subject
TOPIC： Research on Online Learning Methods-Based on IELTS Exam Participants in Shanghai 

# data[].attributes.body
Group members: FANG Yiran, LI Pan, LI Qinghua, LIN Ruoying

# data[].attributes.body
The literature review can be divided into six types,including Argumentative Review,Integrative Review,.Historical Review ,Methodological Review, Systematic Review and Theoretical Review.

1.Argumentative Review
This form examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature. The purpose is to develop a body of literature that establishes a contrarian viewpoint.However, they can also introduce problems of bias.
2.Integrative Review
Considered a form of research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated. The body of literature includes all studies that address related or identical hypotheses.
3.Historical Review
Few things rest in isolation from historical precedent. Historical reviews are focused on examining research throughout a period of time, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline. 4.Methodological Review
A review does not always focus on what someone said [content], but how they said it [method of analysis]. This approach provides a framework of understanding at different levels (i.e. those of theory, substantive fields, research approaches and data collection and analysis techniques).
5.Systematic Review
This form consists of an overview of existing evidence pertinent to a clearly formulated research question, which uses pre-specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect, report, and analyse data from the studies that are included in the review.
6.Theoretical Review
The theoretical literature review help establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested.
Pan JiaQi,Zhao Qing,Qiu Xiangyu,Lu Jing.

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The purpose of literature review is to make a comprehensive introduction and exposition of specific literature.  The main purpose is to pave the way for the question, highlight the research value of the selected topic, and provide the necessary research foundation for the writing of the paper.  Literature review requires a comprehensive review of the breadth and depth of the existing research on the subject, as well as the research conclusions and results that have been achieved, to find gaps in previous studies or insufficient and incomplete research, so as to determine or highlight the focus and innovation of the researchers' own research.
Pan JiaQi;Zhao Qing;Qiu Xiangyu;Lu Jing.

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I think there are three reasons for this question.1、Literature records author's  thoughts and experiences which are the author's knowledge basics and make his article become more reliable.2.it can lead readers realize the author's ideas about the article.3. It justifies our proposed methodology.
RONG LIYING ,TIAN CHEDI, LIAOHUIYI ,YANGSONGYING

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1.It is important because it shows the understanding of the research problem.      2.A good literature review shows that how well  the author knows about a specific area and helps the author develop a systematic framework of his/her academic writing. Most importantly, it supports proofs for the author’s arguments.  3. Because literature review shows the necessary background information of the research, for example, the research purpose, research gap, research methods for the topic. And it shows the authors’ understanding and opinions toward the research. 

# data[].attributes.subject
1.It is important because it shows the understanding of the research problem.      2.A good literature review shows that how well  the author knows about a specific area and helps the author develop a systematic framework of his/her academic writing. Most importantly, it supports proofs for the author’s arguments.  3. Because literature review shows the necessary background information of the research, for example, the research purpose, research gap, research methods for the topic. And it shows the authors’ understanding and opinions toward the research. 

# data[].attributes.body
Hu Yuqi; Lam Sum Yi; Lin Yiyan; Xin Xin

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1.It is a summarisation of the prior studies which are related to the topic. Also, it is a foundation for the readers to understand the research problem.      2.It is a type of theoretical research which identifies what has been researched or claimed, highlight gaps and unsolved issues and then help the readers to develop new perspectives in future research.    3.To sum up the previous research outcome or findings toward a specific topic, to help the readers easier to understand the background information of the research.

# data[].attributes.subject
1.It is a summarisation of the prior studies which are related to the topic. Also, it is a foundation for the readers to understand the research problem.      2.It is a type of theoretical research which identifies what has been researched or claimed, highlight gaps and unsolved issues and then help the readers to develop new perspectives in future research.    3.To sum up the previous research outcome or findings toward a specific topic, to help the readers easier to understand the background information of the research.

# data[].attributes.body
Hu Yuqi; Lam Sum Yi; Lin Yiyan; Xin Xin

# data[].attributes.headline
 Six types: (i) Argumentative review to support or refute an argument.    (ii) Integrative review to integrate reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way.    (iii) Historical review: focus on examining research throughout a period of time and then track its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline.    (iv) Methodological review: focus on the method of analysis and provide a framework of understanding at different levels, such as research approaches, data collection and analysis techniques.    (v) Systematic review: consists of an overview of existing evidence to a clearly formulated research question.   (vi) Theoretical review: to exam the corpus of theory 

# data[].attributes.subject
 Six types: (i) Argumentative review to support or refute an argument.    (ii) Integrative review to integrate reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way.    (iii) Historical review: focus on examining research throughout a period of time and then track its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline.    (iv) Methodological review: focus on the method of analysis and provide a framework of understanding at different levels, such as research approaches, data collection and analysis techniques.    (v) Systematic review: consists of an overview of existing evidence to a clearly formulated research question.   (vi) Theoretical review: to exam the corpus of theory 

# data[].attributes.body
Lin Yiyan; Lam Sum Yi; Hu Yuqi; Xin Xin

# data[].attributes.headline
Yes, we find it difficult to write a literature review for the reason that we have never written such a review before. And we think the most difficult part is to make sure what our topic is to review. And we also find it difficult to select proper literature according to a specific topic because our time is limited and if we choose a wide range of literature to review for sufficient proofs, it seems hard to complete such a huge task.

# data[].attributes.subject
Yes, we find it difficult to write a literature review for the reason that we have never written such a review before. And we think the most difficult part is to make sure what our topic is to review. And we also find it difficult to select proper literature according to a specific topic because our time is limited and if we choose a wide range of literature to review for sufficient proofs, it seems hard to complete such a huge task.

# data[].attributes.body
Lin Yiyan; Hu Yuqi; Lam Sum Yi; Xin Xin

# data[].attributes.body
The literature review is important because:

1. It helps the author to put the research in its current context, allowing you to compare it with other researches that have been done.

2. It demonstrates how the research is different from what has been done before by past researchers.

3. It helps show the knowledge and mastery of the field of study, as well as the depth of your reading.

4. It is an essential tool to evaluate and criticize the existing academic system.

ZOU Meiquan, CHEN Wenyan, XIA Haoge, WEI Renwei

# data[].attributes.headline
Yes, because there is a list of challenges I feel struggling with :1. It is tough to find a "right" topic as there seem to be countless options. I wonder where to start. 2. How to decide whether the papers or researches I have found are helpful or useful is another issue I am concerned about.3 It is difficult to build the correct and logical relationship among the related research.4. I have little idea how to organize the structure of literature review. 5. I wish to learn about academic methods of summarizing the work of other researchers and how to select the content to quote.

# data[].attributes.subject
Yes, because there is a list of challenges I feel struggling with :1. It is tough to find a "right" topic as there seem to be countless options. I wonder where to start. 2. How to decide whether the papers or researches I have found are helpful or useful is another issue I am concerned about.3 It is difficult to build the correct and logical relationship among the related research.4. I have little idea how to organize the structure of literature review. 5. I wish to learn about academic methods of summarizing the work of other researchers and how to select the content to quote.

# data[].attributes.body
Wang Wenjie, Zu Liyang, Miao Jingjing, Wang Ai

# data[].attributes.body
The purposes of literature review are as follows:

1.     To identify the research project

2.     To provide a theoretical basis for the research, forming its context

3.     To provide insights into previous work

4.     To identify gaps and problems in the existing literature and thus providing a framework for further research

ZOU Meiquan, CHEN Wenyan, XIA Haoge, WEI Renwei

# data[].attributes.headline
1. Narrow your topic and select papers accordingly to define a subject and the scope of the review. 2. Find out the keywords of the papers and search the subject database and decide the research tools and methods.3. Read the selected paper thoroughly first and choose the most useful resource to support the topic.4. Analyze the resources and identify the research gap for further research.5. Organize the selected papers and develop a thesis or purpose statement.6. Write down the paper and review the work. 

# data[].attributes.subject
1. Narrow your topic and select papers accordingly to define a subject and the scope of the review. 2. Find out the keywords of the papers and search the subject database and decide the research tools and methods.3. Read the selected paper thoroughly first and choose the most useful resource to support the topic.4. Analyze the resources and identify the research gap for further research.5. Organize the selected papers and develop a thesis or purpose statement.6. Write down the paper and review the work. 

# data[].attributes.body
Lin Yiyan; Lam Sum Yi; Hu Yuqi; Xin Xin

# data[].attributes.body
1. Scoping review

Preliminary assessment of size and scope of available literature.

Identify the extent and nature of past and current research.

2. State-of-the-art or science

Focus on current research and knowledge.

May offer new perspectives or identify areas for further research.

3. Narrative review

Generic term.

An examination of past and/or current publications.

May cover a range of subjects with varying levels of completeness and comprehensiveness.

4. Critical review

A critical evaluation of extensively researched literature selected for its contribution to the field or understanding of concept.

Describes degree of analysis with the hopes of deriving new theory.

5. Systematic review

Searching for literature and selecting based on pre-established criteria (subjects, study design, methodology, outcomes, year of publication).

Summarizing what is found (or summarizing the evidence).

6. Meta-Analysis

Searching for literature and selecting based on pre-established criteria (subjects, study design, methodology, outcomes, year of publication).

Following a standard of reporting (e.g., PRISMA)

Combines the data of multiples studies to improve estimates and/or to resolve uncertainties when individual studies disagree.

ZOU Meiquan, CHEN Wenyan, XIA Haoge, WEI Renwei

# data[].attributes.headline
Teaching Methods of English for Academic purpose

# data[].attributes.subject
Teaching Methods of English for Academic purpose

# data[].attributes.body
Lin Yiyan; Hu Yuqi; Lam Sum Yi; Xin Xin

# data[].attributes.body
A literature review must contain at least three basic elements: an introduction or background information section; the body of the review containing the discussion of sources and a conclusion and/or recommendations section.

Introduction: Gives a quick and basic idea of the topic of the literature review, such as the central theme or organizational pattern.

Body: Contains the discussion of sources and is organized either chronologically, thematically, or methodologically.

Conclusion/ Recommendations: Discuss what we have drawn from reviewing literature so far and discuss where the discussion might proceed.

ZOU Meiquan, CHEN Wenyan, XIA Haoge, WEI Renwei

# data[].attributes.headline
（1）Providing comprehensive information and guiding scientific research review is a comprehensive information based on a large number of documents, which enables readers to systematically and comprehensively understand the whole picture of a subject in a short period of time, and guide readers to choose meaningful and valuable research. (2)The topic is to inspire researchers to generate new ideas and ideas. Reporting on the subject literature, it is convenient to backtrack the search summary to include a detailed reference as the basis for the review, which provides the reader with a valuable catalogue of thematic literature. （3）Using this catalogue, not only can a purposeful retrospective search be made, but also the latest valuable core literature can be obtained by combining the citations in the review article. Reflecting the status quo trend, providing decision-making basis, collecting information on various carriers in China and abroad, refining and synthesizing, summarizing the history, content, significance and trend of a certain topic, with objective and specific data, horizontal comparison, horizontal trend and existing problems (4)There are also editors' comments and suggestions, which are important basis for the leading departments to make scientific decisions and make plans.

# data[].attributes.subject
（1）Providing comprehensive information and guiding scientific research review is a comprehensive information based on a large number of documents, which enables readers to systematically and comprehensively understand the whole picture of a subject in a short period of time, and guide readers to choose meaningful and valuable research. (2)The topic is to inspire researchers to generate new ideas and ideas. Reporting on the subject literature, it is convenient to backtrack the search summary to include a detailed reference as the basis for the review, which provides the reader with a valuable catalogue of thematic literature. （3）Using this catalogue, not only can a purposeful retrospective search be made, but also the latest valuable core literature can be obtained by combining the citations in the review article. Reflecting the status quo trend, providing decision-making basis, collecting information on various carriers in China and abroad, refining and synthesizing, summarizing the history, content, significance and trend of a certain topic, with objective and specific data, horizontal comparison, horizontal trend and existing problems (4)There are also editors' comments and suggestions, which are important basis for the leading departments to make scientific decisions and make plans.

# data[].attributes.body
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.headline
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.subject
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.body
（1）Understand the history of the problem;（2） status and trends; （3）provide background information

# data[].attributes.headline
1、To provide a basic theoretical foundation of the selected topic.
2、To state the previous research about the relevant topic and realize the gap between the previous ones and the selected topic, and then conduct the study.
 
Group Members:
RONG LIYING    TIAN CHENDI    YANG SONGYING    LIAO HUIYI

# data[].attributes.subject
1、To provide a basic theoretical foundation of the selected topic.
2、To state the previous research about the relevant topic and realize the gap between the previous ones and the selected topic, and then conduct the study.
 
Group Members:
RONG LIYING    TIAN CHENDI    YANG SONGYING    LIAO HUIYI

# data[].attributes.headline
1、Since there are a great number of literatures in the research field, how much should we read about it? How can we choose the relevant ones?
2、If we have read a large number of references, we would find it difficult to summary the content concisely, and how to do it?
 
Group Members:
RONG LIYING    TIAN CHENDI      YANG SONGYING    LIAO HUIYI 

# data[].attributes.subject
1、Since there are a great number of literatures in the research field, how much should we read about it? How can we choose the relevant ones?
2、If we have read a large number of references, we would find it difficult to summary the content concisely, and how to do it?
 
Group Members:
RONG LIYING    TIAN CHENDI      YANG SONGYING    LIAO HUIYI 

# data[].attributes.headline
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.subject
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.body
We know three types .

First, the background outline.  This is a relatively common type of literature review and usually appears at the beginning of the article.  The background literature review introduces the significance of the relevant research questions, the background situation, and the subsequent research problems become a large related research background, letting the reader know that the research is in the relevant research field.  The proportion and location.  The reader can see the correlation between the research question and the previous study from the background summary, and understand the problems and deficiencies in the previous research.

Second, a historical overview.  The historical overview is an introductory overview that is primarily used to replace the ins and outs of the formation and development of certain ideas or theories.  Researchers often make a historical overview of the most important issues in a field. Readers have a basic understanding and understanding of the full picture of certain subjects by reading historical summaries.

Third, a theoretical overview.  The theoretical overview is a review of the different theories of the same phenomenon, introducing different theories, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of each theory, and evaluating their explanatory power for this phenomenon.  When researchers need to integrate two theories or expand theoretical theory, they often do a theoretical overview.

# data[].attributes.headline
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.subject
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.body
Four stages.
1. Topic: Generally only indicate the main scope of the article or the main object of the discussion.
2. Collect, read and analyze data extensively
in principle:
(1) Distinguish primary and secondary: computer retrieval Read abstract
Find out the main article Read the full article.
(2) From near to far.
(3) Combination of rough reading and intensive reading.                        3.The third step of the literature review: recommendations.
4.The final step in the literature review is to propose new research directions and research recommendations based on review and analysis.

# data[].attributes.headline
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.subject
Dai Wangyi,Xia Jingjing,Lyu Zhe,Yuan Mei

# data[].attributes.body
Yes,I feel it is difficult to write a literature review.I think the following are difficullt points:(1)the title is not eye-catching; (2)the abstract is unclear, the keywords are not accurate;(3) the literature is not representative enough(4) interspersed transitional discourse is not natural.These points we need your help.

# data[].attributes.body
Yes, here are the difficulties in writing a literature review that we are concerned with as follows:

1. I think writing a good literature review need to conduct an extensive research. I want to know more sources or databases where we can find more information or journal articles from.

2. While writing a literature review, we also need paraphrase lots of sources. I would like to know the approaches and matters needing attention of doing paraphrasing.

3. When we are selecting literature, how can we choose more representative ones?

4. Different literatures have different opinions, and I think it is very difficult to classify and elaborate different viewpoints.

5. Do we need to put forward our own ideas and give corresponding evidences when writing the literature review? Or we just simply read, summarize and paraphrase the selected articles that are related to our chosen research topic.

ZOU Meiquan, CHEN Wenyan, XIA Haoge, WEI Renwei

# data[].attributes.body
Research on pedagogical innovations based on STEM education

ZOU Meiquan, CHEN Wenyan, XIA Haoge, WEI Renwei

# data[].attributes.body
1. Systematic review about narrative models
A kind of literature review about using secondary sources, collecting and analyzing reliable data, and providing the basic evidences for the academic writing.

2. Scoping review
Scoping review is an effective and compositive method which is applied in some complex or board areas.

3. Integrative review
Integration research is mainly reflected in the combination of different kinds of elements or aspects, which means it is likely to demonstrate the new academic perspectives for the research.

4. Critical review
An academic method to access, compare, analyze, criticize, and synthesize information.

5. Methodological review
Methodological review is a kind of adequate appraisal which is about methods of relative reviews.

6. Historical review
A historical review of studies presents a developmental process of relative research, which is about adjusting, evolving, upgrading or optimizing in different sections.

Group 2 : ZU Liyang, WANG Wenjie, MIAO Jingjing, WANG Ai

# data[].attributes.body
A good literature review has eight purposes.

1. Place each work in order within the research area

2. Discuss the relationship of each work to others(readers)

3. Use new ways to analyze prior research and try to use our own words to summarize or paraphrase

4. Uncover any gaps that exist in the prior research

5. Solve the conflicts among conflictive previous studies

6. Reveal the value of that topic

7. Point the way for others to do additional research

8. Locate our own research within the context of prior literature

Group:
Zhu Jiafeng;
Tan Zixin;
Chen Yuxuan;
Mou Yajing;
Liu Xuezheng

# data[].attributes.headline
A literature review should have an introduction, a middle or main body, and a conclusion.

# data[].attributes.subject
A literature review should have an introduction, a middle or main body, and a conclusion.

# data[].attributes.body
Seven Steps to Writing a Literature Review.
1. Narrow your topic and select papers accordingly
2. Search for literature
3. Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them
4. Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing subtopic
5. Develop a thesis or purpose statement
6. Write the paper
7. Review your work

Deng Lishan; Fu Majiahui; Li Shuchen; Xing Yulu

# data[].attributes.body
1. Yes，we do. Firstly, we find it is difficult for us to search for the valuable literature which can connect with our topic closely.2.  How to quickly find the information we need in the many information in the literature review?
3. It’s hard for us to summarize important information from many resources.4.It´s difficult to identify which part is most important
Deng Lishan,Fu Majiahui,Li Shuchen,Xing Yulu

# data[].attributes.body
Deng Lishan; Fu Majiahui; Li Shuchen; Xing Yulu

# data[].attributes.headline
Place each work in the context of its contribution to understanding the research problem being studied. Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration. Identify new ways to interpret prior research. Reveal any gaps that exist in the literature.

# data[].attributes.subject
Place each work in the context of its contribution to understanding the research problem being studied. Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration. Identify new ways to interpret prior research. Reveal any gaps that exist in the literature.

# data[].attributes.body
Place each work in the context of its contribution to understanding the research problem being studied. Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration. Identify new ways to interpret prior research. Reveal any gaps that exist in the literature.

ZhaoQin，PanJiaqi，QiuXiangyu，LuJing

# data[].attributes.headline
A literature review may consist of simply a summary of key sources, but in the social sciences, a literature review usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis, often within specific conceptual categories. The analytical features of a literature review might:1.Give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations,2.Trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates,3.Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant research, or

# data[].attributes.subject
A literature review may consist of simply a summary of key sources, but in the social sciences, a literature review usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis, often within specific conceptual categories. The analytical features of a literature review might:1.Give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations,2.Trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates,3.Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant research, or

# data[].attributes.body
A literature review may consist of simply a summary of key sources, but in the social sciences, a literature review usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis, often within specific conceptual categories. The analytical features of a literature review might:
• Give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations,
• Trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates,
• Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant research.
Group:
Zhu Jiafeng
Tan ZIxin
Chen Yuxuan
Mou Yajing
Liu Xuezhengg

# data[].attributes.headline
As I have written a assignment  that includes literature review, It's quite difficult for me to collect informations related to my paper's topic, because I need to search and read a large amount of articles, journals, dissertations, and then select useful or relevant  information to support my own topic. 

# data[].attributes.subject
As I have written a assignment  that includes literature review, It's quite difficult for me to collect informations related to my paper's topic, because I need to search and read a large amount of articles, journals, dissertations, and then select useful or relevant  information to support my own topic. 

# data[].attributes.body
Xia Mingxia ;Mi Shuyuan;He Xinzhi; Wang Yanxueyang

# data[].attributes.headline
LIAO HUIYI ,YANGSONGYING ,RONG LIYING,TIAN CHENDI

# data[].attributes.subject
LIAO HUIYI ,YANGSONGYING ,RONG LIYING,TIAN CHENDI

# data[].attributes.body
Four stages
1.Select a topic
2.Consult and collect relevant literature
3.Process and collect materials, combine with our own practical experience, and incorporate subjective data into objective data
4.Outline and write articles

# data[].attributes.headline
Four Stages                                  1.  Problem formulation -- which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?                  2.  Literature search -- finding materials relevant to the subject being explored.            3.  Data evaluation -- determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic.     4.  Analysis and interpretation -- discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature.

# data[].attributes.subject
Four Stages                                  1.  Problem formulation -- which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?                  2.  Literature search -- finding materials relevant to the subject being explored.            3.  Data evaluation -- determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic.     4.  Analysis and interpretation -- discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature.

# data[].attributes.body
group members: Zhu Jiafeng
Tan ZIxin
Chen Yuxuan
Mou Yajing
Liu Xuezheng

# data[].attributes.body
Wang Wenjie, Zu Liyang, Wang Ai, Miao Jingjing

# data[].attributes.headline
We haven’t decided yet, we have two main direction for choice. 

# data[].attributes.subject
We haven’t decided yet, we have two main direction for choice. 

# data[].attributes.body
One is about“Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Vocational Education Students’ Learning Attitude”.

Another is about “The effect of Game-based learning approach in primary school”.

Group:
Zhu Jiafeng;
Tan Zixin;
Mou Yajing:
Chen Yuxuan;
Liu Xuezheng

# data[].attributes.headline
Yes, we do. Here are the difficulties we might have.

# data[].attributes.subject
Yes, we do. Here are the difficulties we might have.

# data[].attributes.body
Mou Yajing: I have never written English literature review before; I am afraid of expressing inaccurately and unacademically. Or lacking logical thinking in English.

Liu Xuezheng: Which type of literature review is relatively easier for a green hand? Or which type of literature review is recommended? During the information collection period, is there anything we should be aware of?

Chen Yuxuan: I would worry that the literature review is not rich enough because of the time and energy. As a result, in the latter part of the article, I did not have a good understanding of the basis of the predecessors, or the literature basis was not solid enough.

Zhu Jiafeng: I may have some difficulty analyzing the data and interpreting the author’s ideas. Inaccuracy or misunderstanding may frequently occur in my literature review. That’s what I’m concerned about.

Tan Zixin: The difficulty that I have met in writing a literature is the structure. Sometimes I feel confused how to organize and categorize the prior work in a proper way.

Group:
Zhu Jiafeng;
Tan Zixin;
Mou Yajing;
Chen Yuxuan;
Liu Xuezheng

# data[].attributes.headline
1 It sets out the broad context of the study (Provide background information).2 It clearly demarcates what is and what is not within the scope of investigation.3 It justifies decisions. e.g. quantitative or qualitative or your method of data analysis4 It examines, critically, the research methods used to better understand whether the claims are warranted.5 It identifies the gaps in the literature thereby justifying the purpose of the study or the research question/hypothesis.

# data[].attributes.subject
1 It sets out the broad context of the study (Provide background information).2 It clearly demarcates what is and what is not within the scope of investigation.3 It justifies decisions. e.g. quantitative or qualitative or your method of data analysis4 It examines, critically, the research methods used to better understand whether the claims are warranted.5 It identifies the gaps in the literature thereby justifying the purpose of the study or the research question/hypothesis.

# data[].attributes.body
Li Xiaochen, Chen Chenlu, Jiang Zining, Zhu Wenwen

# data[].attributes.headline
1 Gives the reader new information which has not been postulated before and this may mean a focus on your research question.

# data[].attributes.subject
1 Gives the reader new information which has not been postulated before and this may mean a focus on your research question.

# data[].attributes.body
2 State what your contribution to the review is going to be and how this extends or enriches the common understanding of the topic.

3 It is a critical evaluation of literature published on a topic, i.e. in this type of writing, you will need to critique the arguments of other authors writing in your subject area.

4 Reviews the work of others and make proposed work relevant to previous works. The critique of the previous works provides a rationale for why the proposed work is necessary.

Li Xiaochen, Chen Chenlu, JIang Zining, Zhu Wenwen

# data[].attributes.headline
1 Historical (in chronological order)Which preferred when the emphasis is on the progression of research methods or theories or on a change in practices over time.2 ConceptualWhich usually organised around key concepts and theories.3 MethodologicalWhich focus on the methods used in the literature and most often used when a new method is proposed.

# data[].attributes.subject
1 Historical (in chronological order)Which preferred when the emphasis is on the progression of research methods or theories or on a change in practices over time.2 ConceptualWhich usually organised around key concepts and theories.3 MethodologicalWhich focus on the methods used in the literature and most often used when a new method is proposed.

# data[].attributes.body
Li Xiaochen, Chen Chenlu, Jiang Zining, Zhu Wenwen

# data[].attributes.body
There are six steps in a literature review.

Step 1: Identify your keywords. Think about your research question(s),and think about your contribution to the field, both in terms of knowledge and practice.

Step 2: Adjust your keywords

Step 3: Search and track. Pay attention on the criteria.

Step 4: Quick overlook (relatively). Fast identify key topics. Try to answer the question: in what topics/areas the research is focusing?

Step 5: Build your own data base. You could include: Title, Authors, Method, Context, Add themes at the end.

Step 6: Go deep in the readings, select and Write.
LI Xiaochen,Chen Chenlu,Jiang ZIning, Zhu Wenwen

# data[].attributes.headline
1 How to summarize the existing research progress.2 How to find out the limitations of the researches.3 How to identify gaps.

# data[].attributes.subject
1 How to summarize the existing research progress.2 How to find out the limitations of the researches.3 How to identify gaps.

# data[].attributes.body
LI Xiaochen, Chen Chenlu,Jiang Zining, Zhu Wenwen

# data[].attributes.body
Li Xiaochen, Chen Chenlu, Jiang Zining, Zhu Wenwen

# data[].attributes.headline
Four Stages1.  Problem formulation -- which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?2.  Literature search -- finding materials relevant to the subject being explored.3.  Data evaluation -- determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic.4.  Analysis and interpretation -- discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature.

# data[].attributes.subject
Four Stages1.  Problem formulation -- which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?2.  Literature search -- finding materials relevant to the subject being explored.3.  Data evaluation -- determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic.4.  Analysis and interpretation -- discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature.

# data[].attributes.body
Group Member:
SHI Kaiqi
WU Yao
Khan Amir
WANG Zewei

# data[].attributes.headline
Influential factors of foreign language learning

# data[].attributes.subject
Influential factors of foreign language learning

# data[].attributes.body
Xia Mingxia ;Mi Shuyuan;He Xinzhi; Wang Yan Xueyang

# data[].attributes.headline
 1.It describes how the proposed research is related to prior research in statistics. • 2.It shows the originality and relevance of your research problem. Speciﬁcally, your research is diﬀerent from other statisticians. • 3.It justiﬁes your proposed methodology. • It demonstrates your preparedness to complete the research.

# data[].attributes.subject
 1.It describes how the proposed research is related to prior research in statistics. • 2.It shows the originality and relevance of your research problem. Speciﬁcally, your research is diﬀerent from other statisticians. • 3.It justiﬁes your proposed methodology. • It demonstrates your preparedness to complete the research.

# data[].attributes.body
Group member:
SHI Kaiqi
WU Yao
Khan Amir
WANG Zewei

# data[].attributes.headline
The purpose of a literature review is to:1.Place each work in the context of its contribution to understanding the research problem being studied.2.Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration.3.Identify new ways to interpret prior research.4.Reveal any gaps that exist in the literature.5.Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous studies.6.Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort.7.Point the way in fulfilling a need for additional research.8.Locate your own research within the context of existing literature [very important].

# data[].attributes.subject
The purpose of a literature review is to:1.Place each work in the context of its contribution to understanding the research problem being studied.2.Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration.3.Identify new ways to interpret prior research.4.Reveal any gaps that exist in the literature.5.Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous studies.6.Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort.7.Point the way in fulfilling a need for additional research.8.Locate your own research within the context of existing literature [very important].

# data[].attributes.body
Group Member:
SHI Kaiqi
WU Yao
Khan Amir
WANG Zewei

# data[].attributes.headline
Types of Literature ReviewsArgumentative ReviewThis form examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature. The purpose is to develop a body of literature that establishes a contrarian viewpoint. Given the value-laden nature of some social science research [e.g., educational reform; immigration control], argumentative approaches to analyzing the literature can be a legitimate and important form of discourse. However, note that they can also introduce problems of bias when they are used to make summary claims of the sort found in systematic reviews [see below].Integrative ReviewConsidered a form of research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated. The body of literature includes all studies that address related or identical hypotheses or research problems. A well-done integrative review meets the same standards as primary research in regard to clarity, rigor, and replication. This is the most common form of review in the social sciences.Historical ReviewFew things rest in isolation from historical precedent. Historical literature reviews focus on examining research throughout a period of time, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline. The purpose is to place research in a historical context to show familiarity with state-of-the-art developments and to identify the likely directions for future research.Methodological ReviewA review does not always focus on what someone said [findings], but how they came about saying what they say [method of analysis]. Reviewing methods of analysis provides a framework of understanding at different levels [i.e. those of theory, substantive fields, research approaches, and data collection and analysis techniques], how researchers draw upon a wide variety of knowledge ranging from the conceptual level to practical documents for use in fieldwork in the areas of ontological and epistemological consideration, quantitative and qualitative integration, sampling, interviewing, data collection, and data analysis. This approach helps highlight ethical issues which you should be aware of and consider as you go through your own study.Systematic ReviewThis form consists of an overview of existing evidence pertinent to a clearly formulated research question, which uses pre-specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect, report, and analyze data from the studies that are included in the review. The goal is to deliberately document, critically evaluate, and summarize scientifically all of the research about a clearly defined research problem. Typically it focuses on a very specific empirical question, often posed in a cause-and-effect form, such as "To what extent does A contribute to B?" This type of literature review is primarily applied to examining prior research studies in clinical medicine and allied health fields, but it is increasingly being used in the social sciences.Theoretical ReviewThe purpose of this form is to examine the corpus of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena. The theoretical literature review helps to establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested. Often this form is used to help establish a lack of appropriate theories or reveal that current theories are inadequate for explaining new or emerging research problems. The unit of analysis can focus on a theoretical concept or a whole theory or framework.

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Types of Literature ReviewsArgumentative ReviewThis form examines literature selectively in order to support or refute an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the literature. The purpose is to develop a body of literature that establishes a contrarian viewpoint. Given the value-laden nature of some social science research [e.g., educational reform; immigration control], argumentative approaches to analyzing the literature can be a legitimate and important form of discourse. However, note that they can also introduce problems of bias when they are used to make summary claims of the sort found in systematic reviews [see below].Integrative ReviewConsidered a form of research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are generated. The body of literature includes all studies that address related or identical hypotheses or research problems. A well-done integrative review meets the same standards as primary research in regard to clarity, rigor, and replication. This is the most common form of review in the social sciences.Historical ReviewFew things rest in isolation from historical precedent. Historical literature reviews focus on examining research throughout a period of time, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomena emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline. The purpose is to place research in a historical context to show familiarity with state-of-the-art developments and to identify the likely directions for future research.Methodological ReviewA review does not always focus on what someone said [findings], but how they came about saying what they say [method of analysis]. Reviewing methods of analysis provides a framework of understanding at different levels [i.e. those of theory, substantive fields, research approaches, and data collection and analysis techniques], how researchers draw upon a wide variety of knowledge ranging from the conceptual level to practical documents for use in fieldwork in the areas of ontological and epistemological consideration, quantitative and qualitative integration, sampling, interviewing, data collection, and data analysis. This approach helps highlight ethical issues which you should be aware of and consider as you go through your own study.Systematic ReviewThis form consists of an overview of existing evidence pertinent to a clearly formulated research question, which uses pre-specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant research, and to collect, report, and analyze data from the studies that are included in the review. The goal is to deliberately document, critically evaluate, and summarize scientifically all of the research about a clearly defined research problem. Typically it focuses on a very specific empirical question, often posed in a cause-and-effect form, such as "To what extent does A contribute to B?" This type of literature review is primarily applied to examining prior research studies in clinical medicine and allied health fields, but it is increasingly being used in the social sciences.Theoretical ReviewThe purpose of this form is to examine the corpus of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena. The theoretical literature review helps to establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested. Often this form is used to help establish a lack of appropriate theories or reveal that current theories are inadequate for explaining new or emerging research problems. The unit of analysis can focus on a theoretical concept or a whole theory or framework.

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Group Member:
SHI Kaiqi
WU Yao
Khan Amir
WANG Zewei

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Based on the literature review，
1. Firstly，We think it is very difficult to select the right literature.
2. Secondly，There is also a personal feeling that if we do not have a certain understanding of the research object, the written literature review is really disorganized.
3. Finally，We will generally summarize it, but we do not know how to translate it into our own words to review the literature. All these aspects need the help of teacher.
Zhao Qing,Qiu XiangYu,Pan JiaQi,Lu Jing

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There are many kinds of literature review and 6 types of those are common use as below.

1.Integrative review

Considering a form of research in an integrated way that create a new framework and perspective on the topic.

2.Argumentative review

It usually examines literature selectively in order to support or refute a argument, deeply imbedded assumptions  or philosophical problem already established in the literature.However it can introduce the problem of bias.

3.Historical review

It usually concentrate on the research throughout a period of time, starting with the first time about the issue, concept,theory,phenomena emerged in the literature and then tracing its evolution within the disciplines.

4.Systematic review

Overview of the existing evidences pertinent to a clearly formulated research question, which use per-specified and standardised method to identify appraise relevant research, and collect, analysis and report the data .

5.Methodological review

We focus on how the person said it rather than what they said.

6.Theoretical review

Concretely examining the corpus of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory,phenomena. The analysis can focus on the theoretical concept or the whole theory or framework.

Rong Liying
Tian Chendi
Yang Songying
Liao Huiyi