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ANDREA CAROLINA GARZON QUIROGA                                                    

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ANDREA CAROLINA GARZON QUIROGA                                                    

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In the terrestrial layer of the earth they are trapped gases and raw materials which are trapped under the surface of the earth, these materials are used in the elaboration of different products.

It must be taken into account that these materials make up processes for the elaboration of products and in these stages are developed as.
• Materials
• Elaboration
• Distribution
• Consumption
• Recycling of materials
• Final disposition.

In the elaboration of the products, energy is needed, which is obtained from fossil fuels that can be coal, oil and natural gas; the reading shows the improvement in the use of these fuels, saving energy by reducing the emissions of polluting gases thanks to the use of electricity from the grid, the project of the Distributed Energy System based on gas saves 8% of energy and reduces the GHG emissions by 38% in a life cycle analysis view.

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JAHN  CARLOS GOMEZ YARURO                              article explanation 

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JAHN  CARLOS GOMEZ YARURO                              article explanation 

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In the reading of the article it was possible to show that during the investigation it has an outstanding performance in energy saving and reduction of emissions. Comparing the case using coal and electricity from the grid, the Gas-based Distributed Energy System project saves 8% of energy and reduces GHG emissions by 38% in a Life Cycle Analysis view. Renewable energy Technology offers alternatives to reduce GHG emissions. Due to the environment of the project site; although it is true in comparison with the electricity of the network, the aforementioned energies are beneficial to the environment but they also have a wear and tear over time, for this reason an explanation of each of them used in the research project article studied is reflected.

Fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas).
There are three types of fossil fuels that can be used for energy supply: coal, oil and natural gas.
Coal is a fossil fuel that has been formed over millions of years by the deposition and fall in the earth of plant material. When these layers are compacted and heated over time, the deposits are transformed into carbon. It is very abundant compared to other fossil fuels. Analysts predict that global use of coal will increase when there is a shortage of oil. Current coal supplies can last 200 years or more. Coal is usually extracted from mines. Since the middle of the 20th century, the use of coal has doubled. Since 1996 its application begins to decrease. Many countries depend on coal as an energy source because they can not afford the use of oil, or natural gas because it is more expensive. China and India are the largest consumers of coal as an energy source.

Oil is a combustible fossil liquid that is formed by the waste of micro and macro marine organisms deposited in the geological bottoms. After millions of years the deposits end up in rocks and sediments where oil is trapped in certain spaces. It is extracted through exploitation technologies. Oil is the most used fuel; Crude consists of many different organic compounds that are transformed into products through refining processes. Oil can not be found constantly in any part of the earth and, consequently, it is a resource limited to certain geographic areas causing wars among suppliers. The examples are known.

Natural gas is a very versatile, abundant and relatively clean gassed fossil resource compared to coal or oil. Like oil, its origin comes from the micro and macro digester organisms, a relatively unexploited and new energy source. In 1999, more coal than natural gas was used. However, at present, natural gas starts to gain ground in developed countries. Either way, people understand that, like oil, natural gas will also disappear, and some scientists have predicted that this will happen in the middle or end of the 21st century. Natural gas consists mainly of methane (CH4), is compressed in small volumes at great depths in the earth. Like oil, it is extracted by drilling. The reserves of natural gas are more distributed worldwide than oil

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NTC 14040 Y 14044

The implementation of these standards, allow the certification of a life cycle of a product.

They also evaluate, analyze and study the inputs, outputs, effects and environmental impacts that the product generates throughout its life cycle.

Standard 14044 of 2015 allows you to find opportunities to improve the performance of a product or a service during its life cycle.

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WHAT ADVANTAGES DOES IT HAVE?
• Greater energy efficiency
• Reduces the costs of electricity supply
• Promote sustainable generation
• Less landscape and environmental impact
• Facilitates the economic independence of isolated regions
• It is more flexible

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The installation can be of three types:

1. Distributed generation: The user maintains his connection to the centralized network, which he uses at times when generation is not available due to the natural intermittency of renewable sources. The generated energy can be used for own consumption (self-consumption) or to be poured into a network. This type of distributed generation projects are the most common and it is an increasingly frequent practice.
2. Distributed generation + Storage systems integration: At the previous level, electricity storage systems are added, such as batteries. This reduces network dependency, and it can manage the surplus of energy by storing it for later use.
3. Off-Grid installation: The user is not connected to the centralized network, since all the energy consumed comes from renewable sources generated locally in a small network created in their facilities. This network requires, in addition to batteries for storage, a system capable of guaranteeing the stability and operability of the network. They are often known as microgrids, because they have the same capabilities as a large network. These microgrids can supply a single consumer or even larger communities in remote areas, so they are currently one of the keys to the electrification of rural areas in developing countries.

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THE DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEM
It has been postulated as a mechanism that can ensure the most sustainable energy future.
Distributed Energy is the generation and management of electricity in a decentralized manner, as close as possible to its place of consumption through, mainly, renewable energy sources.
How does it work?
One or more generation sources (solar, wind, biomass, biogas, or others) and sometimes storage connected to the consumer's internal network are installed, which can be either an individual or a company.

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The Colombian Technical Standards (NTC) ISO 14040 and 14044 are united since these two Colombian technical standards are those that allow the certification of the study of the life cycle of products, whether tangible or intangible.
The NTC ISO 14040 includes life cycle analysis (LCA) studies and life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis studies; from the extraction of the raw material, its manufacture, the use that is given to it, and finally to its final disposal. This standard has an environmental focus that addresses the environmental aspects and impacts of the products analyzed.
On the other hand…
The NTC ISO 14044 analyzes the life cycle, gives the requirements and guidelines of the life cycle, here it specifies that it must contain the analysis that will be carried out, information such as: time, geography, technology, precision, integrity, representativeness, coherence , reproducibility, data sources, information uncertainty; All this information is analyzed in order to be certified.

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The life cycle analysis is a methodology that evaluates the environmental impacts aciados a product during all phases of life.

As all products and their processes generate an environmental impact, emit substances in their environment and cause changes in the environment, so it is of interest to evaluate all these impacts on the environment and what influence our resources.

The life cycle is a method developed with the purpose of preventing pollution, with a series of useful possibilities to solve the needs, without specific procedures.

Primarily, all phases of the life cycle of the products must be known, from the extraction of raw materials, their uses, distributions and reuse of the product. These stages are:

1. Acquisition of raw materials.
2. Processes and manufacturing
3. Distribution and transport
4. Use, reuse and maintenance
5. Recycling
6. Waste management.

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ANDREA CAROLINA GARZON QUIROGA                                                                                         

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ANDREA CAROLINA GARZON QUIROGA                                                                                         

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Types

Solar energy
Solar energy is what we get from the sun. Through solar panels, solar radiation is absorbed and transformed into electricity that can be stored or turned over to the electricity grid.

Wind power
In this case the generation of electricity takes place with the force of the wind. The windmills that we have seen hundreds of times when we go by car are located in the so-called wind farms and are connected to electricity generators that transform the energy produced when the wind turns its blades.

Hydroelectric power
Hydroelectric or hydraulic energy is another of the best known alternative energies. It uses the force of water in its course to generate electrical energy and occurs, normally, in dams.

Biomass
This alternative energy is one of the most economical and ecological ways to generate electricity in a thermal power plant. It consists of the combustion of organic residues of animal and vegetable origin.

Biogas
Biogas is an alternative energy produced by biodegrading organic matter, through microorganisms, in specific devices without oxygen, thus generating a fuel gas that is used to produce electrical energy.

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ANDREA CAROLINA GARZON QUIROGA                      

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ANDREA CAROLINA GARZON QUIROGA                      

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Alternative energies:

Alternative energies are a future opportunity for the planet that already suffers a lot at the hands of human activities that generate CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, unleashing global warming, causing climate change; these alternatives provide us with an opportunity to amend, or at least mitigate, the damage done and are, above all, an opportunity to leave future generations a sustainable world that does not self-destruct.

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ANDREA CAROLINA GARZON QUIROGA                                                                 

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ANDREA CAROLINA GARZON QUIROGA                                                                 

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This reading deals with the life cycle of how sustainable energies are beneficial for the conservation of the environment, these energies are bio-healthy alternatives that for decades have been used in the world causing the current deterioration of the quality of life of the planet.

Currently, the unbridled consumerism we have reached has caused thousands of damages to the ecosystem as everything becomes disposable, the continuous rotation of products makes us dispose of them quickly making the wear of materials exorbitant, taking the waste to the garbage generating an impact on nearby ecosystems.

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Article: The 8th International Conference on Applied Energy - ICAE2016 Analysis of the life cycle of projects of distributed energy systems Energy consumption and GHG emission - A case of beer Auxiliary power supply of brewery in China.
In the document we can see how a specific method of research based on the life cycle analysis is done, likewise a quite extensive research method is carried out from the entrance to the exit, a box design, which consists of 6 cases to analyze the development of the projects of the distributed energy system, taking the obtained data a budget is made to determine the thermal value of the natural gas, based on all that, the results of the life cycle analysis are obtained, previously analyzes all the information and conclusions are taken against the previous project.

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Electric power
To obtain a job, electric energy is called the form of energy that results from the existence of a potential difference between two points, which can be used an electric current between the two.

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Natural gas as energy

Natural gas is a non-renewable energy source formed by a mixture of gases that is frequently found in oil deposits, dissolved or associated with oil or in coal deposits. Although its composition is reduced by 90%, 95%, and other gases such as nitrogen, CO2, H2S, helium and mercaptans.

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Coal as energy

Coal is a type of rock formed by the chemical element carbon mixed with other substances. It is one of the main sources of energy. In 1990, for example, coal comes from 27.2% of the world's commercial energy.

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According to the reading in which the project of the Natural Gas Distribution System of China Brewery Snow Breweries is studied, which denies us the analysis of the life cycle of these sustainable energies and the users for the environment.


Natural gas is a natural source of fossil energy constituted by a mixture of hydrocarbons. Currently, it is mainly used in the generation of calories for hot water, heating and use in kitchens.