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I learned quite a bit in this lab. This lab, first of all, gave me an opportunity to better understand enzymes. It also gave me better insight into what really happens inside our bodies. It especially explained how it is that our bodies remove toxins and other things with a negative effect through the use of chemical reactions. In this lab many things could have gone wrong including the use of fire mixed with the highly flammable gas which is oxygen. This pairing could have created a dangerous fire or anything along those lines. In conclusion this lab showed how the liver is able to handle peroxide, i learned quite a bit, and i now understand enzymes on a better level.

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4) What effect does temperature have on the enzymes (Test tube 5)?10

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4) What effect does temperature have on the enzymes (Test tube 5)?10

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The temperature made it so the chemical reaction was unable to occur because it did not meet the requirements needed by the enzyme in order to create a successful reaction.

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3) What effect does the red hot wood have on test tube 4? WHY is the flame being produced?9

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3) What effect does the red hot wood have on test tube 4? WHY is the flame being produced?9

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The red hot wood creates a small burst of flame. This happens because one of the products of the chemical reaction that occurred was oxygen and oxygen is highly flammable.

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2) Describe what happened to test tube 2 when hydrogen peroxide was added to the liver.  What gas was produced?  What liquid was left behind?8

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2) Describe what happened to test tube 2 when hydrogen peroxide was added to the liver.  What gas was produced?  What liquid was left behind?8

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When the peroxide was added to the liver a chemical reaction occurred. The products of the reaction were oxygen and water.

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Test Tube | contents | hypothesis | observation | Interpretations
1 | Water and liver | Nothing will occur  | Nothing occurred  | There was nothing that could react together
2 | Peroxide and liver  | I suspect at least slight bubbling  | Significant bubbling | The peroxide and liver reacted because it is an actual process in the body
3 | Peroxide ember  | Nothing will occur | Nothing occurred  | Peroxide in not flammable
4 | Peroxide and liver (ember) | I think the oxygen will emit a small fire burst | The oxygen did indeed emit a small fire burst multiple times  | The oxygen emitted from the reaction was indeed flammable
5 | Water and liver:boiled, peroxide  | I think the reaction will be slow and small if not entirely un-existent.  | Nothing really occurred | The reaction did not meet the necessary requirements to succeed

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1) What are enzymes?  What are their roles in chemical reactions?7

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1) What are enzymes?  What are their roles in chemical reactions?7

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Enzymes are best described as biological catalysts. Enzymes increase the rate and reduce the energy required of many chemical reactions which largely take place within cells.

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Every cell in your body produces peroxide; peroxide is poisonous. One of the ways the body breaks peroxide down is through catalysts. Catalysts break down peroxide and turn it into water and oxygen. In this lab we will answer the question will the liver, which contains the enzymes, break down the peroxide into both water and oxygen. We will also address how such a thing would occur.

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How does your body get rid of toxins? What are toxins converted to? How can we discover for sure what toxins are becoming within our bodies? In this lab we will answer these questions; and many more. This lab explores the properties of the liver when exposed to peroxide which is simultaneously created within our bodies and poisonous to our bodies. We will also consider how we can come to conclusions with absolute certainty.

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5 test tubes

Liver pieces

Test tube holder

Gloves

Water

Dropper

Peroxide

matches/matchbox

Tweezers

Something to boil with

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The first step in any scientific procedure is to prepare your materials and in this specific one put on a pair of latex gloves. You should also be sure to prepare your 5th test tube ahead of time. You do this by adding water up to the second centimeter mark and then adding liver and proceeding to boil it for the appropriate time. You should already have 4 test tubes prepared in a test tube holder. In the first test tube add water up to the second centimeter mark with your dropper and then add your liver, it may need to be pushed down with the tweezers. Observe the reaction or lack thereof.  In the second test tube add peroxide to the second centimeter mark with your dropper and then add your liver piece, again you may need the assistance of your tweezers to force it down. Observe reaction or lack thereof.  In the third test tube add peroxide up to the second centimeter mark with your dropper. Then carefully light a match and wait for it to become an orangey red ember. Slowly put your ember down into tube 3. Observe reaction or lack thereof. In the fourth test tube add peroxide with your dropper to the second centimeter mark add your liver, push it down. Then light a match and again wait for it to become an orangey red ember. Apply your ember to the prepared solution in the fourth test tube. Repeat this exercise with the ember until you are clearly able to distinguish a small flame. In your fifth test tube, which should have boiling water and liver piece in it, add peroxide and observe the reaction or in this case the absence of reaction.