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Definition: Organisms w/ different ancestors but similar structure.

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Variation = Mutation
Inheritance = DNA & Sexual selection
Selection = Generic Drift
Time = Migration/Gene flow

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It's one of the most basic mechanisms of evolution. Charles Darwin had a theory of evolution, his selection theory starte when he discovered island finches who had different shapes and sizes of beaks, which matched what they ate. Thick large beaks for tough nuts, slim, curved beaks for nectar and bugs.

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There is variation of traits, like black and red ants in an area. Since the environment can't support unlimited, so an anteater comes and eats the black ants. The surviving red ants build their colony to have even more red ants, eventually, the colony only consists of red ants.

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Mutations are small errors in DNA coding during cellular reproduction. These mutations can either benefit or harm. An example for harmful mutation can be an albino rabbit. It's predators can easily spot it in the tall grass. So the rabbit has to stay in a low area, and depend on another rabbit to feed it.

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Definition: Two different species evolve similarly because of their lifestyle. The picture below is a good example of fish that look the same, but they aren't. It's their lifestyle and their adaptation to the environment that surrounds them.

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Gene flow is the exchange of genes between two separate populations. This is most often accomplished when animals or spores from plants migrate to a new area. An example would be a bee carrying the pollen of a different flower to another species of flower, passing genes to the species.

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Definition: Two or more related species becoming less similar over time. The finches below had the same common ancestor, but over time, food became scarce and they had to scatter out, evolving their size and shape of beaks to survive better in their environment. Charles Darwin has studied these finches.

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The passing on of genetic info, it's mostly influenced by male competition over a female. Depends how impressive the competition is! An example of this is when the male cuttlefish compete by their flashing colors to attract female cuttlefish, they often fight over the female.