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The italien sailor Cabot made Englands first voyage of discovery. Cabot believed he could reach the Indies by sailing northwest across the Atlantic. IN 1497, He landed in what is now Canada.

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sailed on the behalf of the Netherlands, the English explorer Henry Hudson journeyed to North America in 1609. He wanted to find a north way passage through North America to the pacific ocean. He didnt find the Northwest passage but he did explore what is now called the Hudson River in present day New York.

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This Italian explorer sailed under the French flag. In 1524 he explored the Atlantic coast form present day North Carolina. His voyage gave France his first claims in the americas.

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IN the 1520's Fransisco received permission from Spain to conquer the Inca empire in South America. Following cortes's example Pizarro launched a surprise attack and kidnapped the emperor, Ata hualpa. Without their leader, the Inca empire quickly fell apart.

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in 1519 spanish explorer Hernán Cortes set out t explore present day Mexico. Cortes came to the Aztec's capital of Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs had built a large and wealthy empire in Mexico. Te Aztec ruler Montezuma welcomed Cortes but Cortes took him as a hostage and the following the Spanish defeated and destroyed the Aztecs and their capital which ages Spain control over Mexico.

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Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, believed he could sail west to the Indies if he found a channel through south America. Magellan looked for that channel all along south America's east coast. he finally found it at the southern tip of the continent. today, it is called the straight of magellan.

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in 1500 Pedro, Portugese, set sail for India with a fleet of 13 ships but he said so far west tat he reached the east coast of present day Brazil and claimed his land for Portugal.

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he was a Portuguese explorer who in July 1497 set sail with 4 ships to chart a sea route to India. Da Game arrived at the port of Calicut, India on May 14, 1498. He brought back a bad of cinnamon an pepper.

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Christopher was an Italien navigator who wanted to reach the Indies sailing west but laid on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. He landed on the Bahamas on October 12th, 1492. and later returned to visit the rest of the Caribbean, Central America, and Venezuela.

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Exploration: What were the effect of the exploration on the countries that were discovered?

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Exploration: What were the effect of the exploration on the countries that were discovered?

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explorers usually brought diseases to the land they were exploring. They also deposes the population from their own culture and beliefs in imposing christianity. Some of the population were also used as slaves during that time.

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Exploration: What were the effects of exploration on the countries that sent the explorers out?

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Exploration: What were the effects of exploration on the countries that sent the explorers out?

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A a result of exploration, more goods, raw materials, and precious metals entered Europe. Exploration and trade contributed to the growth of capitalism, an economic system based on investment on money for profit. Labor, also was given a money value. Merchants hired people to work form they're own cottages, turning raw materials from overseas into finished products (cottage industry). A final result of exploration was a new economic policy called mercantilism (when nations try to gather wealth by establishing colonies and controlling trade.

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Exploration: What was the cause of the exploration?

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Exploration: What was the cause of the exploration?

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European explorers were looking for wealth and land for their monarchs, knowledge (renaissance curiosity) and adventure. they also wanted too spread christianity and start to trade goods with Asia. New inventions and technology made they're journey possible.

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Exploration: What were the most influential countries in exploration?

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Exploration: What were the most influential countries in exploration?

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Portugal began the age of exploration in the early 1400's under the leadership of prince Henry the Navigator. They explored African coasts, charted a sea route to South Asia, and claimed Brazil for Portugal. Spain's exploration led to banish colonization in the America's other European explorations (England, France, and the Netherlands) sent explorers to North America.

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Beginning in the 1400's, European explorers went on great voyages of discovery. they explored the African coast, America's, as well as North America.

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John Calvin was a French humanist who started another protestant group in Switzerland. Calvin emphasized that salvation came only from god's race.

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England protestand reformation was led by Henry VIII. In 1534, Henry formed the church of England, also called, "the applicant church". Unlike Luther and Calvin, King Henry didn't have major disagreements with catholic teaching. His reason for breaking with the church were personal and political.

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He was an English priest, scholar, and writer. He was important to the reformation because of his translation of the Bible into English. In the early 1600's his work was used in the preparation of the king James, version of the Bible.

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Martin was a German priest who broke a way from the Catholic Church to start his own religion, Lutheranism. His posting of the ninety five thesis in a church I Wittenberg started the reformation. Doing this people could follow his ideas while the church condemned them. He argued that the Bible-not the pope or church leaders-was the ultimate source of religious authority.

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Desiderius was a humanist priest from Holland. He wanted to reform the church from within. His attack on corruption made people prepared for reformation. He also wrote "The Praise of Folly".

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Catherine was person deeply devoted to religion. She thought people could have a personal experience of god without the formal of servants of church practices.

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He was a scholar from England. He publicly questioned the popes authority and criticized indulgences provided by the clergy. Wycliff believed the the Bible, not the church, was the supreme source old religious authority. He also translated the Bible form latin into English so common people could read.

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Reformation: What was the effect of the reformation?

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Reformation: What was the effect of the reformation?

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The reformation led to the founding of many new christian groups in Europe. Luther began the first protestant church other leaders like Calvin began churches in Switzerland. the bible was translated into English and was available to read for everyone. Henry the VIII became the supreme head of the new church in England. Reformation brought much conflict to Europe but it also created new forms of christian faith. Three new branches of christianity that developed early in the period were Lutherism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism.

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Reformation: What caused the Reformation?

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Reformation: What caused the Reformation?

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The causes of the Reformation were the weakening old the Catholic Church through worldliness & corruption, the development of humanism, and the political conflict between the church and European rulers. Worldliness means that too often church officials fail to live up to their role has spiritual leader. Corruption was seen where church officials were selling indulgences and sold offices or leadership positions (simony). Humanists were often none-religious people who believed in free thought and questioned many accepted beliefs. Political conflict with European rulers appeared where Monarchs tried to increase their power for example: when Monarchs quarreled with the pope over the appointment of church officials.

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Reformation: When/Where did this happen?

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Reformation: When/Where did this happen?

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Reformation is a religious reform movement from the early 1500's-1600's that led to the formation of new christian groups in Europe.

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the prince is the book written by Machiavelli. it gave a modern analysis of political science and the habits of rulers. Machiavelli has become infamous for such political advice however some rulers of Italy have lost their states by ignoring the political and military Machiavelli's principle. He wanted the Medici family to follow his principles and free Italy from foreign domination.

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was written by Dante in Italian in the early 1300's the long poem describes Dante's imaginary journey through the afterlife. It contains characters who were real people.

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the powerful medici family controlled Florence for nearly 3 centuries and were involved in all of aspects in the city lives. under the medici the city became Europe's banking hub.

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Renaissance: What was the effect/impact of this?

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Renaissance: What was the effect/impact of this?

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the city of Florence became prosperous and a business center because rich merchant used they're money to support the arts and education. We also saw advances in architecture and engineering based on classical style but influenced by humanism. Advances in painting, sculptures, and literature were seen because artists created their work based on experience in the real world. Advances in science and mathematics were also present.

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Renaissance: What happened to cause this?

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Renaissance: What happened to cause this?

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The three main reasons that led to the renaissance were trade & commerce, the growth of city-states, and humanism, Philosophy.

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This took place from the 1300's to the 1400's.

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monks (Benedictine order) lived in groups on a property with a church and small buildings for sleeping and eating they lived in poverty and chastity. the friars (Franciscan order) lived as beggars with the poor and they care for the sick and the poor.

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Pope Gregory banned the practice where kings could appoint members of the clergy. the holy emperor Henry the IV considered it his duty to appoint church officials and so declared that Gregory was no longer pope. Gregory then excommunicated Henry who begged for forgiveness and recognized the pope's authority even over an emperor.

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It took place in Europe (started in Italy).

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Christianity/Roman Catholic Church: What was the significance of the crusades?

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Christianity/Roman Catholic Church: What was the significance of the crusades?

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The main goal of the crusades was to spread christianity and to take Jerusalem back from the muslims.

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Christianity/Roman Catholic Church: What role did the play in education?

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Christianity/Roman Catholic Church: What role did the play in education?

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The Roman Catholic church influenced education as most of the schooling took place in monasteries, covents, and churches. As most of the people could not read they also educated people through art and architecture (painting, structures, glass windows, etc.).

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Christianity/Roman Catholic Church: What role did Christianity/ the church play in the day lives of people?

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Christianity/Roman Catholic Church: What role did Christianity/ the church play in the day lives of people?

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They provided leadership. they had the monopoly of religious knowledge so people thought that they had the power to send someone either to Heaven or Hell. They also brought new converts to the christian faith, at times organized the distribution of food, and provided hospitality to travelers.

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The church and the government were most of the time in conflict because the monarchs though that the Catholic Church had too much power for example the church was prohibiting kings from appointing priests, outlawing the selling of church position...

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They were the first to sail to the Americas. Vikings were the Northern people who made quick fears raids on European villages. They were not a tied group, but many different tribes. They were not conquered, but converted to Christianity. The impact is that feudalism was developed to protect European population from invasions.

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Under kings John (son of Henry the II) the Magna Carta was signed in 1215. This document was an agreement between the novels and the monarchs who limited the Monarch's power.

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Weakened the feudal system with his legal reforms (constitutions of Clarendon). This straightened royal authority over the Catholic Church. for example the king had the right to try clergy accused of serious crimes in royal courts rather then church courts.

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Was a 17 year old girl who in 1429 lead the French army to victory in the battle of Orleans. She brought a new sense of national identity a unity in the way men and women felt about their king and nation.

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William brought feudalism to England. He was fighting in the battle of hasting in 1066. He wanted to gain the crown of England.

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Was the leader of the Franks from 768-814 C.E. He is known for unifying most of the christian lands of Europe into a single empire. Charlemagne built his empire with the help of Paul Leo III for his part Leo needed the support of someone with an army and in exchange for Charlemagne's help he crowned him Holy Roman Emperor in 800 C.E.

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Christianity/Roman Catholic Church: How did the church obtain its economic influence and power?

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Christianity/Roman Catholic Church: How did the church obtain its economic influence and power?

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During the Middle Ages, the church acquired great economic power because they own a lot of land given as gifts from the monarchs or wealthy lords. the church also increased it's fortune by collecting taxes from the population. the church was also a major political force: church officials were often the only people who could read so they became trusted scribes and the advisor of the monarchs. Kings and Queens usually wanted the approval of the pope as a ruler.

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Middle Ages: What were the main causes of the decline of feudalism

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Middle Ages: What were the main causes of the decline of feudalism

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1. Political changes in England
- the constitution of Clarendon in 1164.
- Magna Carta in 1215
- Noble parliament
2. a terrible disease (bubonic plague)
3. Long series of wars (100 years war)

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It's an economic and political system of medieval Europe in which people exchange loyalty and labor for a lords protection.

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This took place in the 9th and 10th century.

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Middle Ages: Relationships between the people in the social levels

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Middle Ages: Relationships between the people in the social levels

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1. Monarchs and Lords: Monarchs gave lords fief then in return Lords gave Monarchs knights and loyalty.
2. Lords and peasants: Lords gave peasants protection and land and in return peasants gave lords food, grew crops, and paid taxes the lords.

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At the top of the feudal structure we have the Monarch then the lords, and at the bottom of the social structure were the peasants.

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Know how Roman art, architecture, engineering, numerals, court & law, citizenship, and language affect our world today

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Know how Roman art, architecture, engineering, numerals, court & law, citizenship, and language affect our world today

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Artists still follow Roman art in sculptures and mosaics. In architecture you can see the influence in the arches, domes, and vaults of many churches and government buildings as the Capitol building in Washington D.C. Construction method from the Romans are still standing today (Roads, bridges, aqueduct). Regarding language and writing many words developed from Latin and Roman numerals appear today in chapter books and clocks. Philosophy law and citizenship from the Roman Empire are the basics of the law and government structure of many countries.

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In 330 C.E emperor Constantine decided to move his capitol (Rome) to the east (Byzantium) later called Constantinople. This action reduced the importance of the city of Rome. Constantine was also known as the emperor who decided that Rome would stop persecuting christians

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Fall of the Roman Empire: What was the effect of this

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Fall of the Roman Empire: What was the effect of this

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After the empire collapsed, life was hard and dangerous for the citizens. Europe was left with no central government or system of defense. They needed to find a new way to defend themselves and their property. They developed a system called feudalism.

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Roman Empire: When did this happen?                 

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Roman Empire: When did this happen?                 

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The Roman Empire was forged by Remus, Romulus's brother who fought against one other to determine who will rule a specific piece of land. Remus won and called the land "Rome" in 27 B.C.E

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Roman Empire: Where was this empire?                        

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Roman Empire: Where was this empire?                        

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The Roman Empire evolved all the way from North Africa to the Scottish border, Spain, and Syria.

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Roman Empire: What were the major factors that allowed for the Roman Empire to gain so much power?                                

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Roman Empire: What were the major factors that allowed for the Roman Empire to gain so much power?                                

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The effect that let Rome grow is when they started attacking other villages and palaces. But the major event that made them grow is when they overthrew their last king. They also grew when they made better strategies, weapons, new allies, and made a great legion.

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Roman Empire: What was the effect/impact on the people in the empire?       

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Roman Empire: What was the effect/impact on the people in the empire?       

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The people that lived in this environment were poor and were slaves. Some of the slaves could leave the Kingdom but some couldn't and had to stay to serve their master until they die. Most of them were also rich and had no problems.

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Roman Empire: What have we borrowed from this ancient culture?                  

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Roman Empire: What have we borrowed from this ancient culture?                  

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We borrowed the idea of democracy. How we can elect for a new leader. Back in the day they used to fight in between in each other to elect a new leader. Now a days we let the citizens vote for our new leader. Government was really a big part a long time ago.

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Fall of the Roman Empire: What caused this to happen?

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Fall of the Roman Empire: What caused this to happen?

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The Roman Empire fell due to invasions by barbarians. the barbarians attacked every sides of the walls to penetrate it and get inside. A second reason is that they're was an eastern empire rising to the east so the empire couldn't defend everything. the final reason is that there was government corruption and political instability.

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Fall of the Roman Empire: When did this happen?

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Fall of the Roman Empire: When did this happen?

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The Roman Empire fell in 476 B.C.E