# data[].attributes.body
The wipe transition shows one shot replacing another. The transition involves one shot moving from one side of the frame to the other, covering the original shot and introduces the audience to a new shot.

This usually uses objects in the scene, a key example of this is when it can create an illusion of a camera moving through a ceiling of the bottom floor of an apartment to the ground of the highest floor above.

In order for this transition to succeed. Shot A would show a clip of a camera rising towards the ceiling. Meanwhile, shot B would show a clip rising above the ground. A wipe transition would portray the camera moving through the floors of the apartment.

# data[].attributes.body
This transition changes the shot slowly to a single colour, usually black and sometimes white. This is known as a "fade out".

This can also be when a shot gradually appears on screen from a colour usually black. This is known as a "fade in".

Fade in's are usually used to introduce the beginning of the knew scene, it is one of the simplest ways of letting the audience know that a new scene has begun.

Fade out's are usually used to present the end of a scene, it is one of the simplest ways to let the audience that a scene has ended.

# data[].attributes.body
Dissolve transition is a gradual transition from a shot or scene to another.

A dissolve overlaps two shots for the effect. This usually shows one scene ending and another one beginning. This can also be used in montage sequences also.

Sometimes, the use of a dissolve is used to indicate that a certain amount of time has passed between the two scenes. You can use this by using editing software such as adobe premier pro, by finding the filters folder and dragging the one you want onto the place you want. You can also adjust by pulling it, this makes it either faster or slower, this makes it more suitable for the desired effect you want.

# data[].attributes.headline
 Explain what a shot-Reverse-Shot, why is it used?

# data[].attributes.subject
 Explain what a shot-Reverse-Shot, why is it used?

# data[].attributes.body
This is a shot technique where one character is shown looking at another character who is off screen, then the second character is shown looking back at the first character who is now off screen.

Since both characters are presented facing opposite directions, the viewer assumes that they are looking at each other.
I
n order for this to work, there needs to be a side shot of one character facing the other and same for the other one. After this, in digital editing, you can edit the scenes together by using a jump cut, to make it clear to the audience that they are having a conversation with each other.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain what an Eyeline Match is and give an example?

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain what an Eyeline Match is and give an example?

# data[].attributes.body
This highlights the focus of the scene. It is based on the idea that an audience will want to see what the character on-screen is seeing.

An eyeline match begins with a character looking at something off-screen, followed by a cut of another object or person: for example, a shot showing a man looking off screen is cut to a shot of a television.

Given the audience's initial interest in the man's gaze, it is generally inferred on the basis of the second shot that the man in the first was looking at the television, even though the man is never seen looking at the television within the same shot.

Another example of this is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYnpqCx8O_Y This showcases five common examples of the eyeline match.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain what a cutaway is? Why it is used?

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain what a cutaway is? Why it is used?

# data[].attributes.body
This is the interruption of  continuously filmed footage by showing a shot of something else, sometimes this is followed to a cut back of the first shot, but not always. cutaway shot does not necessarily contribute any dramatic content itself. This helps the creator to make a longer sequence.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain what an Action Match is and give an example

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain what an Action Match is and give an example

# data[].attributes.body
This is the editing technique that is present where you use shot and editing techniques when the creator cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action. This could be when a man is walking up to a door then reaches for the handle.

Another example is in this clip where a woman opens a door and cuts to her walking into the room.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWcC4vqSgco

# data[].attributes.headline
Continuity What is a cut? Why is it used?

# data[].attributes.subject
Continuity What is a cut? Why is it used?

# data[].attributes.body
This is where you combine related shots and/or use different parts from the same shot into a sequence. This is designed to attract the attention of the audience. This usually has a beginning, middle and end (linear).

# data[].attributes.body
Non Linear editing is a editing technique, frequently used in film, where events are portrayed, for example, not in chronological order or in various ways where the narrative does not progress in order, such as flash backs or flash forwards, or narrating another story inside the main story line. It is often used to mimic the structure and recall of memories, but has been used for other reasons as well.

Linear editing is a video editing technique process of selecting, arranging in chronological order. Regardless of how it was captured.the content must be accessed in order. For the most part this is one of the most common methods of editing.

# data[].attributes.body
When you shoot a scene or event with multiple cameras rather than one. You then have to edit all of those camera shots together for the scene. You  have to be careful that all your content is in sync.
In order to be able for this to be successful, you will have to drag all your individual clips into your editing software and cut and create the sequence in a suitable order with the content you have used.

# data[].attributes.body
Superimposition is the overlay of one thing over another, typically so that both are still visible.

This isn't as frequently used as the other editing techniques, but this is still very important to use. This can be used as a method of showing two related scenes at the same time. This could be used as a method of showing one scene while showing a flashback underneath in the past. This can show character in the present reflecting on past moments as we can see his memories in the same shot.

# data[].attributes.body
This is where the scene is now frozen. Sometimes there is still audio playing in the background while the visuals are completely still.

This is generally used because this enhances the scene and highlights an important moment in the production. Spoken words enhances the effect, this is where the actors, usually verbalise their thoughts and emotions about the situation.

# data[].attributes.body
A jump cut is where two shots that are editing together. This is a very abrupt transition since, unlike the other transitions, a lot of the time the audience is unaware that a jump cut has indeed taken place. This is purposely designed to the audience cannot tell that a transition/effect has indeed been used.

The reasons that jump cuts are effective is simple. These can be used when the producers reshoot scenes, and some parts of the clips are better than others, or an actor could have made a mistake in the original shot. Using the jump cut in editing, they are able to cut out the sections they do not want. Whilst in the process are able to include different sections of the shot without the audience being aware that any editing has been made, which helps them maintain high quality scenes.

# data[].attributes.body
Split Screen is the visible division of the screen, usually in half, but this can also be split further if needed. This destroys the illusion that the screen's frame is a view of reality or someones point of view, similar to that of the human eye. Until the arrival of digital technology, split screen in films was achieved by using the optical printer to combine two or more actions filmed separately by copying them onto the same place.

In filmmaking split screen can also allow one actor to appear twice in a scene. The most common method is to shoot the scene twice, with one of the actor appearing on the left side, and the other on the right side, which is later edited as part of the same shot. This is intended to be invisible, making this seem realistic.

# data[].attributes.headline
 why continuity editing is sometimes deliberately broken.

# data[].attributes.subject
 why continuity editing is sometimes deliberately broken.

# data[].attributes.body
Continuity Editing refers to editing the sequence of shots to arrange a process of series of events.

Sometimes this is purposely broken and this could be for numerous reasons. This could be done in order to feature scenes such as flashbacks . This can be done to make the narrative appear to be more exciting for the audience. This could be used on purpose to make them realise that reality is distorted. This can also be used to for cliffhangers, this can drastically change the tone and this could disorientate the audience while they are wondering what is happening.

# data[].attributes.body
This is a film editing technique where a series of short shots are combined within a certain amount of time, in order to show specific information. This is usually used to suggest the passage of time

# data[].attributes.headline
Harry Styles Interview on The Graham Norton Show (180 degree rule)

# data[].attributes.subject
Harry Styles Interview on The Graham Norton Show (180 degree rule)

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7y-5yUk9HI

The 180 degree rule has indeed been used throughout the interview. This is used to highlight the attention on the either person, depending if they are the interviewer asking a question or their guests reaction after being asked said question.

The 180 degree rule also allows the audience to understand that they are talking to each other without the other person needing to be in shot. If they decided to edit it to flip the people around in editing, then this would be extremely confusing for the audience, since they would be uncertain with what was going on. So keeping it the same makes it much easier to understand and follow for the audience.

It is very important to use the space of sense of dimension, because not only it can zoom in on highlights and makes it easier for the audience to understand. This can also make it more enjoyable for the audience, since this can allow them to focus on the what the camera does and this would mean they would find the interview more amusing, getting to see their reactions and answers up close.

A key example of this when the interviewer is asking whether those topics were true or false, the camera focuses on Harry's reaction because of how bizarre they are. This has been used for comedic affect to make the audience laugh at his reactions. This also makes the audience aware that he is indeed talking to someone offscreen that they cannot see, without making it confusing and it's easy for them to understand.

# data[].attributes.headline
England 2-0 Lithuania (2018 WCQ) (highlight packages)

# data[].attributes.subject
England 2-0 Lithuania (2018 WCQ) (highlight packages)

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aThb7mEXqEI

The football shows generally always include highlights because they're playing on a massive football pitch with so many players that it's simply impossible to focus on all of them at the same time. This is why they usually zoom in on key moments rather than trying to focus on everything, this allows the audience watching it to be fully aware of what is going on without missing out on key events of the match.

Secondly, they also generally use slow motion to highlight the most important moments of the match. A key example of this where they manage to score a goal, after the goal had been scored there is generally slow motion scenes of the goal being scored from different shots/angles. This is used to show exactly what happened so they know that the score was accurate, furthermore, this is designed to trigger feelings of excitement for the person watching. A lot of people watching football get extremely overexcited when their team scores. So seeing the team score again would make them extremely hyped for the rest of the match.
It is usual to also show the reactions of the winning team as they briefly celebrate their achievements. This makes the match even more entertaining to watch as it boosts the morale of the viewer and makes them proud of their team. Sometimes it shows the reactions of the team who lost, but it wasn't shown in this case.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYCuN6rU4A0

An increase in speed has been used to make the scenes look better, this makes the player look much faster and makes them appear to be much better players.

This also allows the director to show the viewer their powers, in twilight, one of the benefits is that the vampires are far faster than the average human, which makes the audience more interested.

This is because that this reminds them that they are not as human as they seem. Which successfully manages to impress them with their supernatural abilities and would make them want to keep watching the movie.

One of the first times that you see the effects use is when you see Edward Cullen running abnormally fast after someone else says "he's very fast". This shows the audience that he is extremely quick. This technique used by the director would impress the audience because they wouldn't expect him to be that fast. these types of scenes makes the action more intense.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERyVAL5mt7E

slow motion has been used to make the scenes more dramatic and makes the main character look more powerful.

This allows the viewer to see that he's got supernatural abilities. As this use of slow motion highlights some of his movements during fights. During this you can see him doing flips in the air while taking down multiple people at once, this is not possible for a normal person to. This makes the people attacking them seem vulnerable because it emphasises and makes the main character seem far stronger than they are.

They used slow motion of the main character doing flips while fighting multiple people at once. The use of slow motion also makes the scenes more exciting, which is another reason why the director is used it. This is because it highlights his capabilities and adds suspense too the scene because it would make them wonder what would happen next.

# data[].attributes.headline
Methods of cutting, splicing and joining

# data[].attributes.subject
Methods of cutting, splicing and joining

# data[].attributes.body
With this technique, video footage is shot onto a computer hard drive and then edited using specialised software. Once the editing is complete, the material is then recorded back to tape or optical disk.

# data[].attributes.body
Shot size is very important, this refers to the size of the subject in your frame. You can alter it in two ways: by changing the closeness of the camera for the shot or through zooming in or out. These two options have very different compositions.

When directors visualise each dramatic moment in the script, they decide on the shot size that best communicates the narrative, emotional, and thematic meaning for each moment. Shot size plays a vital role in creating the emotional connections between audience and characters.

# data[].attributes.body
He was a french illusionist and film director. He led many technical and narrative developments in the earliest days of cinema. He used special effects and popularised techniques such as multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves etc.

He created films such as the 'Trip to the moon' (1902) and 'The Impossible Voyage' (1904). The genre of his films were more complex than the Lumiere Brothers. His style consisted of the beginning of the science - fiction genre, though they were closer to fantasy. As his films showed involving strange and surreal journeys. He was also one of the first movie makers to use story boards, to structure and plan his work.

Melies was actually at the private demonstration of the Lumiere Brothers work. But when he offered money for one of their machines, they refused. Undeterred, Melies persevered, he then travelled to London, and purchased an Animatograph from Paul and the Edison Manufacturing Company. He then later modified the machine so it would support as a film camera. He personally developed and printed his films through trial and error.

Melies successfully directed 500 films from 1896 - 1913.
In May 1902, he created the famous "trip to the moon". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXgTFBIwDCc
He vaguely based this from the preexisting "From The Earth to The Moon by Jules Verne" and "The First Men in The Moon by H. G. Wells". This film lasted for roughly 14 minutes (costing 10,000 francs) and it was an instant success. This success was global and not limited to his country in France. He sold both black and white and coloured versions. The scene with the spaceship in the moons eye would later be one of the most iconic images in cinematic history.

# data[].attributes.body
Auguste and Louis Lumière in 1892 began creating moving images. They ended up creating a version that allowed their images to be shown through a projector.
They ended up creating the first ever film, this was showing workers leaving their factory.

The Lumière brothers hosted their first private screening of their motion pictures on March 22nd 1895. This was shown in front of 200 people at the "Society for the Development of the National Industry" in Paris.

The pair used a single camera for photography and projecting with 16 frames per second. Throughout their first films, they managed to create 40 films during 1896. These were relatively simple, since they documented french life, such as a game of cards, a toiling blacksmith and soldiers marching. They also created the first documentaries.

# data[].attributes.body
He produced the film "the great train robbery" in 1903. It was previously known as a book and a play. It was a twelve minute short film, consisting of 20 scenes. Along with a scene of someone firing a gun very close to the camera.

This was one of the first of it's kind in the United States, and it was an instant success as a result. With it touring the United States for several years. In 1905 it was the premier attraction at the first nickelodeon. Which firmly established motion pictures as commercial entertainment in the United States.

After the success of his previous film, porter was interested in broadening his techniques. In The Seven Ages (1905). He used side lighting, close ups and changed shots in his piece, rather a than a single shot per scene. He created and developed the concepts of modern editing that we all know of today. Where he remains as an important figure in motion picture history.

# data[].attributes.body
The very first editing techniques used in the early form of cinema was, that they were able to cut scenes together, this became known as continuity editing. The shots cut together were able to hold a narrative and tell a story. When previously, these films were only used to document small parts of creators life.

# data[].attributes.body
known as a Kinetoscope. This was used by one person per time, looking through the hole to witness the footage. Behind this, was a spinning wheel that acted as a shutter, which allowed up to 46 frames every second
The kinetoscope was created in 1891, by inventors Thomas A. Edison and William Dickinson.

# data[].attributes.headline
What was used in the early day of cinema?

# data[].attributes.subject
What was used in the early day of cinema?

# data[].attributes.body
The first cinematic movie materials were created from, celluloid film. The Movida Machine was used to create the first ever editing. This was done via cutting the tape at certain points to position the scenes in order. In order to be able to watch them, they had to use a machine known as a Kinetoscope. This was used by one person per time, looking through the hole to witness the footage.