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Case 4 Smart Lamposts

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Discussion questions in the Breakout:

Who are the stakeholders involved in this case?

What ethical issues do you identify in this scenario? Note that some of these may be beneficial, while others are harmful/problematic.

Which ethical aspects are highlighted when you view the case through the ethical lenses of rights, justice, utilitarianism, virtue, and the common good?

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Ethical Lenses (general definitions below, with apologies to our Philosophers – we have two on the facilitator list!):

rights -  individual liberties such as speech, religion, privacy, etc.

justice - the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the fair and impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or punishments

utilitarianism - the doctrine that an action is right insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct.

virtue - conformity to a standard of morality; a particular moral excellence

the common good - the public good; to the advantage of everyone

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Case 4 Smart Lamposts

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Case 4 Smart Lamposts

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Freedom of Association (I'm not very well versed in this, but I think this means that we should be allowed to associate with other people without anyone monitoring those relationships)

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Freedom of Association (I'm not very well versed in this, but I think this means that we should be allowed to associate with other people without anyone monitoring those relationships)

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Possible limits on public gathering and association.

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Possible limits on public gathering and association.

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Any person living in Hong Kong and those visiting

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Any person living in Hong Kong and those visiting

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Public Safety Departments (Police, Fire, etc...)

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Public Safety Departments (Police, Fire, etc...)

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Dept. of Transportation - collecting data to do their work more effectively

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Dept. of Transportation - collecting data to do their work more effectively

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Positive (possibly): Reduction of energy use 

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Positive (possibly): Reduction of energy use 

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Public safety with the gunshot detectors. 

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Public safety with the gunshot detectors. 

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Being able to help with the crime is definitely a plus.

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Being able to help with the crime is definitely a plus.

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Once the infrastructure is in place, even if the original designers intend it for good, it could easily fall into the hands of bad actors

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Once the infrastructure is in place, even if the original designers intend it for good, it could easily fall into the hands of bad actors

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Case 3 Chinese Social Credit

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These kinds of cameras (red light) have already been banned in places in South Florida

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These kinds of cameras (red light) have already been banned in places in South Florida

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Case 3 Chinese Social Credit

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Again, the Chinese Communist Party—The ruling class, and the citizens, who are not enjoying liberty, but are subject to the CCP

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Again, the Chinese Communist Party—The ruling class, and the citizens, who are not enjoying liberty, but are subject to the CCP

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Tighter government grip on Chinese citizens

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Tighter government grip on Chinese citizens

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I can’t think of anything positive. If they don’t like you, they cancel you

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I can’t think of anything positive. If they don’t like you, they cancel you

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Just as cyber-bullying arose from social media, destroying a person's "credit rating" out of spite or jealousy could become common

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Just as cyber-bullying arose from social media, destroying a person's "credit rating" out of spite or jealousy could become common

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Increased anxiety and other mental health concerns among citizenry

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Increased anxiety and other mental health concerns among citizenry

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citizens can be targeted/face danger or violence 

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citizens can be targeted/face danger or violence 

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Severe punishment for a simple parking ticket?

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Severe punishment for a simple parking ticket?

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This would severely inhibit positive risk-taking behaviors -- there would be strong negative pressure to conform, rather than innovate

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This would severely inhibit positive risk-taking behaviors -- there would be strong negative pressure to conform, rather than innovate

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I think citizen's rights are being violated here.

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I think citizen's rights are being violated here.

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Airlines maybe? Would they support folks being banned, or would they just want that $$$, even if that means jerks on the planes?

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Airlines maybe? Would they support folks being banned, or would they just want that $$$, even if that means jerks on the planes?

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It's a severe infringement of individual rights and personal freedoms

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It's a severe infringement of individual rights and personal freedoms

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The most important lens in both cases is natural human rights, granted not by government, but existing in nature.

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The most important lens in both cases is natural human rights, granted not by government, but existing in nature.

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I think beneficence is what the government think they are doing.

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I think beneficence is what the government think they are doing.

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Goverments should not given scores to behavior that involves personal choices.

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people would be targeted/cancelled/ loss of freedom/spying

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people would be targeted/cancelled/ loss of freedom/spying

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As we have seen with Facebook's troubles recently, unintended negative consequences are common when attempting to create a system like this one -- the intent is for each voice to have equal volume, but manipulation of the system happens when incentives (high credit) are involved

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As we have seen with Facebook's troubles recently, unintended negative consequences are common when attempting to create a system like this one -- the intent is for each voice to have equal volume, but manipulation of the system happens when incentives (high credit) are involved

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Common good as long as it is not selectively targeting.

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Common good as long as it is not selectively targeting.

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Case 3 Chinese Social Credit

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It may seem from the utilitarian perspective that this initiative can be beneficial for society. However, as one looks closer the social program of the Chinese government undermines basic human values like privacy. Government should protect its citizens from such the dangers.   

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It may seem from the utilitarian perspective that this initiative can be beneficial for society. However, as one looks closer the social program of the Chinese government undermines basic human values like privacy. Government should protect its citizens from such the dangers.   

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Could help to identify these issues early so people can get further tests and treatment.

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Possible issues with employment discrimination due to health issues.

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Wrong at all levels, no scientific evidence for such a claim.

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Wrong at all levels, no scientific evidence for such a claim.

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Everyone  - positive (help others) and negative (lead to discrimination).

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Everyone  - positive (help others) and negative (lead to discrimination).

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I feel the individual’s rights supersede all the other lenses listed here.

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I feel the individual’s rights supersede all the other lenses listed here.

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Face recognition has been shown to be flawed. So many issues involving rights of citizens

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Face recognition has been shown to be flawed. So many issues involving rights of citizens

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Discrimination would be an issue, as it already is, but this would take it to a new level.

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Discrimination would be an issue, as it already is, but this would take it to a new level.

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The need to keep health records private would be even greater than it already is. We don't have adequate data security as it is. Data breeches are already common.

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The need to keep health records private would be even greater than it already is. We don't have adequate data security as it is. Data breeches are already common.

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Bias in design: There is a study of a medical AI that was designed to detect skin cancer. Works well for light-skinned people, not well for people of color. 

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Bias in design: There is a study of a medical AI that was designed to detect skin cancer. Works well for light-skinned people, not well for people of color. 

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Only worthwhile if it helps most of the people most of the time and does not bring harm to others.

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Only worthwhile if it helps most of the people most of the time and does not bring harm to others.

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All of these rights could be violated with face recognition,

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All of these rights could be violated with face recognition,

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If the face recognition techniques work, it could be a boon to people with health issues who are waiting for a diagnosis

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If the face recognition techniques work, it could be a boon to people with health issues who are waiting for a diagnosis

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Fast/ accurate/low cost diagnoses would also be helpful for health care providers

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Fast/ accurate/low cost diagnoses would also be helpful for health care providers

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In the context of recent legislation in FL curtailing the right to peacefully protest, the "smart lamp posts" are especially troubling

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In the context of recent legislation in FL curtailing the right to peacefully protest, the "smart lamp posts" are especially troubling