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Mesopotamia is known to be a very old region located in the Middle East. It is thought that the first city-states date back to 3200 BCE. The first known city-state is Uurk.   Over 50,000 people lived there as one time. After the Uurks there was the Sumarians and they had a huge affect on how we live today, they created math, science, and many other things.

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Islam was created because the prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca, Suadi Arabia in the year 500 AD. He was important because muslims belived that he was the last prophet and he was sent from God to reveal their faith to the world. As a result there are now 1.8 million muslims in the world.

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The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299 by Osman I who was the leader of a Turkish tribe. It had a formal goverment and had an expanded territory because of Osman I.  By 1453 Mehmed II led the Ottoman Turks into anexing the ancient city of Constantinlope which was the Byzintine Empireś capital. This is important because this ceased the 1,000 year reign of the Byzintine Empire.

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The Israel-Palestine Conflict is an ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine over land. This conflict started in 1948 when Israel was created and labeled as country. There has been 8 reconized wars in a 73 year time period.

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The Iran and Iraq War was between Iran and Iraq that started because of many territorial and political disbutes. After 8 years of war and violence Iran and Iraq settled things with peace agreements on August 19th, 1988.

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Soon after the Iran and Iraq Wars came the Persian Gulf War. The Persian Gulf War started because Saddam Hussein dilivered a speech arguing that Kuwait siphoned crude oil from the Ar-Rumaylah. Because of this speech later on there was the start of the Persian Gulf War. On Febuary 27th, 1991 the president of the US, President Bush tried to put a temporary suspension to the war and on Febuary 28th the Persian Gulf War was over.

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The U.S. War in Afghanistan began on October 7th, 2001 in response to the 9/11 attacks. The leader of the 9/11 terrorist attack, Osama bin Laden was later killed during the span of the war in 2011. As of now the war between the US and Afganistan are over because Biden put an end to it on August 31st, 2021.

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March 19th, 2003 the US along with the United Kingdom start a war on Iraq. President Bush explained that the start of the war in Iraq because of Saddam Hussein. It was believed that he was going to start or that he had already started building and creating weapons of mass destruction. After years of searching for him he was found in what is said to be a 6-8 foot hole and he was killed.

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The Arab Spring was a group of protests to fight for certain changes in the Middle East. The name Arab Spring came from the revolutions of 1848 that was known as the People's Spring. The result of the Arab Spring was regime changes in a couple countries that include Tunisia, Morocco, Syria, Libya, Egypt and Bahrain.

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The Syrian Civil War is a war between the US, Russia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. At first it was a non violent protest in 2001 that escalated into an ongoing war. Many people believe that the Arab Spring led to the start of the war because of the many protests. Losts of people that lived in Syria have had to leave theor homes and be refuges and over 470,000 people have died.