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As stated in this article, Malaysian bonds profit from the presence of international investors since international investors are more willing to take risks than local investors in the country. What I've taken away from this post is that when it comes to investing, you have to be willing to take risks. A risk taker is someone who is willing to put everything on the line in the aim of achieving something, or who accepts increased possibility for loss in decision-making while tolerating ambiguity, which results in a high risk of reward.

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I agree with the statement because the world economy has been put at risk by the epidemic, but Bank Negara Malaysia has remained resilient in preserving their financial system by extending debt payback periods and continuing to provide loans to households and businesses affected by recent restrictions imposed.

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Based on the article, there is said that the central bank have to tightening their monetary policy to soften the USD. In my point of view, the central bank is significant as it help in monitoring financial matters and ensuring the stability of the economic of a country.  It also plays an important function in implementing initiatives to deepen and strengthen the financial markets, including the foreign exchange market. For example, Bank Negara Malaysia has played a significant developmental role in developing the financial system infrastructure in advancing the financial inclusion agenda. This is to ensure all economic sectors and segments of the society have access to financial services.

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As per the article above, Malaysian capital market remain vibrant as it benefited through the international investors. The investor usually will consider for high return, and high return usually a high risk decision. The lesson that I learn is, we must be well-prepared and brave enough to commit and decision especially risky decision. On the other hand, And backup solution must be ready to incase any decision did not going well. but after all, the risky decision, the more return you will get and it will worth for the decision.

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In my opinion, central bank is very important since it is the heart of the stability of our economic sector. Central bank has expand their toolkits to deal with financial crisis to recover any glitch or even to save the economic since the central bank have control on the financial analysis. It can be conclude that, without the central bank control, our economy will crash and there will be an inflation.

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In my opinion, I am quite agree with the article statement where Malaysia's business sector slowly recover in 2021. As we know the economy in our country have been through the worst situation especially during the Pandemic covid-19. The BNM or Bank Negara Malaysia has brought some solution where giving the people who affected by the pandemic some solution by giving them loan or reduce some interest to help the business sector to slowly running again. So every recovery or good things will take time to recover.

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Hi everyone! Hope you all doing great. My name is Renna Astellah. you can me whatever you want but people usually called me Renna or Ren. well the cartoon character that I choose to represent myself is as you can see above is Mickey Mouse. I know everyone here familiar with this character because this is one of our childhood cartoon. So the reason is because mickey mouse have the personality where always happy or happy go lucky. he will find any solution to keep being happy. On the other hand he is also friendly with everyone or even easy to go with, just like me. lastly but not least , mickey mouse can work in team and I am really in at a team work especially to be their leader or someone that can give more idea. nice to meet you all. Stay safe to Mdm nina and all my fellow classmate!

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Malaysia's stock exchange is said to be still active. This is assisted by overseas investors, who have a greater risk tolerance and want a better return than domestic investors. This article indicates that international investors take higher risks than local ones. This is illustrated by the article, which indicates that capital market fundraising operations in the private sector have improved while regressing modestly in the public sector. As a result, I've learnt that in order to be an investor, we must be brave enough to face the approaching danger and hardship, since large risks will undoubtedly give a great return.

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In my opinion, central bank plays an important role to maintain financial system stability. The is implemented in order to provide a conducive environment for the nation’s economy to grow sustainably. Central bank also  provides access to financial services, which has resulted in increased financial inclusion for all economic sectors and segments of society, contributing in more balanced economic growth.

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Lesson that I can learn from the article is that, as an investor we have to keep adapting with the global challenges such as during the pandemic COVID-19 by utilizing digital technology as Movement Control Order enforced almost in every country. In this situation, it is important for the investors to be up-to-date to the current issues and keep themselves informed. There are actions that can be taken by the investors during pandemic. One of the action was the investors should encourage responsible financial management that allows companies to prioritise employees, contractors, suppliers and the longer term health of the company itself over bonuses for executives, and buy-backs and dividends for shareholders. The other action that can be taken is Investors should use their public voice to encourage governments and companies to take appropriate action.

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NUR IZZLYN DAYINIE BINTI NOORZAINI (2021110447)

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NUR IZZLYN DAYINIE BINTI NOORZAINI (2021110447)

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As mentioned in the article, domestic financial stability continued to be firmly supported by a resilient financial sector. Banks and insurers continue to have sufficient financial buffers to absorb potential losses under severe macroeconomic and financial conditions. Repayment assistance programmes as well as support measures from the government and the bank (BNM) have so far contained any increase in loan defaults. In my opinion, I think they have showned a great effort financially in supporting the citizens living with the pandemic. Most household borrowers in the country remained reasonably resilient with existing financial buffers and policy assistance measures providing a cushion against potential shocks, according to BNM. Banks also continued to lend to viable SMEs with various financing guarantee schemes remaining available to complement direct bank lending to these segments.

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NUR IZZLYN DAYINIE BINTI NOORZAINI (2021110447)

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NUR IZZLYN DAYINIE BINTI NOORZAINI (2021110447)

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What I learned from this article is that a business will and always have the ups and downs challenges in the digital technology world while conducting their operations. How they face and handle the challenges implements the outcome, whether its positive or negative.

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NUR IZZLYN DAYINIE BINTI NOORZAINI (2021110447)

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NUR IZZLYN DAYINIE BINTI NOORZAINI (2021110447)

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The role of Bank Negara Malaysia is to promote monetary and financial stability. This is aimed at providing a conducive environment for the sustainable growth of the Malaysian economy. In my opinion, central banks play an important role in keeping prices stable and stabilizing the functioning of the financial system. It also plays an important function in implementing initiatives to deepen and strengthen the financial markets, including the foreign exchange market.

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NUR IZZLYN DAYINIE BINTI NOORZAINI (2021110447)

Profitability
Return on Asset (ROA)= Net Profit / Total Assets  = 1,050,000,000 / 36,500,000,000
= 0.03 times @ 2.88%

Return on Equity (ROE)= Net Profit / Shareholders’ Equity = 1,050,000,000 / 3,750,000,000
= 0.28 times @ 28%

Spread= Interest Income – Interest Expense =2,500,000,000 – 950,000,000
= RM 1,550,000,000

Net Interest Margin= Interest Income – Interest Expense / Total Assets

= 2,500,000,000 – 950,000,000 / 36,500,000,000
= 0.04 times @ 4.25%

Liquidity:
Loans to Total Assets= Total Loans / Total Assets =25,500,000,000 / 36,500,000,000
= 0.70 times @ 69.86%

Liquid Assets to Total Assets= Cash & Short-Term Securities / Total Assets = 4,250,000,000 / 36,500,000,000
= 0.12 times @ 11.64%

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As said withinside the article, Malaysia`s capital marketplace has remained volatile, with bonds profiting from distant places traders searching for higher-yielding fixed-earnings belongings in rising nations. High threat and excessive praise are  blessings that can be found out from this article. To benefit a excessive go back to be able to assist the country, we ought to be ambitious sufficient to take a threat and tackle a brand new task, however we ought to do it with knowledge

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From the article, it stated that Malaysian capital market is vibrant on the year 2021 saying that there is a development of market growth. Malaysia market receive international investor which is applying high risk and high return method.  Capital market will only be willing to take risk if a probability of a higher return could be achieved.

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In my opinion, the central bank is important as it is needed to maintain economic and financial stability. This is because central bank helps to supervise financial institution for the safety. Central bank undertake monetary policy to ensure the inflation level is not higher than necessary. Central banks have took care of the demand and supply of money within the government. So in conclusion, central bank is very important as it helps the country to keep everything stabilize as things should be.

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As stated in the article, Malaysia's capital market has remained variant, with bonds benefiting from overseas investors seeking higher-yielding fixed-income assets in emerging nations. High risk and high reward are two advantages that may be learned from this article. To gain a high return that will help the country, we must be bold enough to take a risk and take on a new task, but we must do it with knowledge.

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From the article, SC foresees the Malaysian capital market to grow in relevance with the economy and its stakeholder, to be more efficient in mobilising capital into productivity sectors of the economy as well as having greater diversity in the market to create value for both investors and issuers. In order to facilitate development of the capital market, shape a stake holder economy with effective capital mobilisation through sustainable and responsible investment (SRI) and Islamic Capital Market (ICM) solutions to sustainable, responsible and stakeholder-oriented business.

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NUR NATASYAH ALIEYAH BINTI SURIANSA_2021124057

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NUR NATASYAH ALIEYAH BINTI SURIANSA_2021124057

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As we can refer to the article, Malaysia's capital markets remained vibrant because of the gross funds have increased at the end of July 2021 from a year ago. This happened because of the fundraising activities which includes the foreign investors that invest in our country. The article also mentioned that benefit that Malaysia's markets receive from international investors were probably riskier which lead to a higher return. We all know that every capital markets that willing to take a risk would probably expecting for a higher return.
For example, Countries that willing to capitalize on emerging market opportunities especially during a global expansionned are most likely have a high potential to success in the global markets and at the same time attract more investors to invest in our country.This will probably lead to an increase in our financial system.

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Based on the news article, it was stated that Malaysian capital markets remain vibrant where the gross funds increased 16.3% as at July 2021. This happened because Malaysian bonds were benefited from international investors. In order to get high return of income, they need to face with higher risk. It shows that Malaysia is a risk taker that willing to do things with risk in order to achieve high profit. Sometimes we need to make a decision by considering the risk to face the fear of uncertainty because without trying we will not know the outcome.

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Malaysia's stock markets are believed to still be vibrant. This is aided by international investors that have a larger risk tolerance and are looking for a higher return than local investors. We can tell from this article that multinational investors are more risk-taking than local investors.This is demonstrated by the article, which shows that fundraising activities in the capital market have improved in the private sector while regressing marginally in the public sector. Therefore,   what I've learned is that in order to be an investor, we must be bold enough to confront every form of risk and difficulty that comes our way, because high risks will surely yield a high return.

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One lesson I learned from this article was that a business must adapt to the challenging environment while accepting digital technology in conducting their operations. This is because it will create positive sentiment among investors and also encourage outside investors to invest in Malaysia bonds especially the higher risk taker.

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DYAHNA FLOREENA BINTI BIDAN (2021118191)

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DYAHNA FLOREENA BINTI BIDAN (2021118191)

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Central banks maintain the equilibrium between the demand and supply of money by controlling the supply of money and influence the demand for money for various purposes by using appropriate monetary policy. Besides that, by regulating the money supply, central bank can change the interest rates and thus can stimulate investment. In addition to that, the central bank controls the foreign exchange reserves and helps to solve the balance of payments problem faced by the government. Furthermore, it facilitates the working of the commercial banks and encourages new banks to come up while helping in rural development by extending the commercial bank branches to rural areas.Lastly, central bank will tries to stabilize the economy in a situations of economic difficulties.

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The lesson that I have learned from the article is how the government execute plans in order to achieve the objective of maximizing profits and obtaining fund for the sake of capital market stability. The Government used the fund raised to finance new projects and business activities that shows a positive feedbacks in returns. This reflects that the objective is achieved even in the phase where the economy market facing a challenging environments but still learn to adapt with the situation.

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As stated in the article, Malaysia's capital market would remain vibrant in 2021, allowing investors, both domestic and international, to conduct investment operations. Additionally, corporate bond and fundraising activity in the capital market appears to have improved, owing to international investors with a high tolerance for risk searching out high-yielding fixed-income assets in emerging markets. Other than that, the public sector raised funds in the sovereign debt capital markets through the issue of Malaysian Government Securities (MGS) to support national development projects. To conclude, we can see throughout this article that Malaysia benefits from overseas investors who invest in our country.

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In 2021, Malaysia’s capital markets remained vibrant as fundraising activities in the capital markets shows an improvement by the private sectors and the public sectors. The private sector was able to raise RM68.8 billion through the corporate bond market. While the public sector was able to raise RM 97.4 billion in the sovereign debt capital markets. Besides, Malaysian bonds also benefited from the international investors with a higher risk appetite seeking higher return fixed-income assets in the emerging markets. The lesson I can learn from this article is that, in order to get a higher return on investment, we must be brave to become a risk-seeking person despite the higher risk in this challenging environment. It is because the higher the risk the higher the return we can get from the investment we make.

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The one lesson I have learned from the article which is related to the chapter is about Malaysian Government Security (MGS). It is stated in the article that the yields or in other words, interest bearing for MGS and corporate bonds raised in Malaysia were higher across all tenures, amid the consolidating bond yields in advanced economies where major central banks maintained an accommodative monetary policy stance against temporary inflation.

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What I learn from this article is when it comes to investment you need to be a risk-taker. A risk-taker is someone who risks everything in the hope of achievement or accepts greater potential for loss in decisions and tolerates uncertainty which means high-risk high return. From this article, Malaysia bonds get benefits from the international investors as international investors more on to become risk-taker than the local investors.

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According to the article, they said that Malaysian capital markets remain vibrant which mean there is growth of developing market. Usually, a developing country such as Malaysia are expanding their domestic firms into global market. As we see in the article as well, the Ministry of Finance stated that the funds raised will be used to finance infrastructure such as business activities. This shows that they want to give opportunities to the people to generate income and at the same time improve the country's economy. Other than that, maintaining an accommodative monetary policy stance on temporary inflation is also very important for a country that wants to obtain good market capitalization. The, we also can see that international investors are investing with a high risk and with this Malaysia as a home country will also get benefits form it. This also showed that the credit rating that taken are mostly above high grade credit which mean there is confidence for credit worthiness in money market.

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The Malaysia’s capital markets remains vibrant which means the government raised the long term funds through this market. The fund that have been raised is to finance infrastructure projects, new business activities and working capital. The public sector raised some money in the sovereign debt capital markets by issuances Malaysia Government Securities (MGS) which is issued by BNM to obtain funds from public specifically to finance national development project. The capital bond also increase by government to finance development expenditure and stimulus packages. The yields for MGS which is the interest bearing also increased this is to maintained accommodative monetary policy stance against inflation. Malaysia use the benefit from international investors that have a high risk to get the higher return fixed-income assets in the emerging markets. The equity capital market also increased through IPO which is initial public offerings. Securities Commission Malaysia and Bursa Malaysia introduced the key capital market to increase the liquidity and efficiency in the capital markets such as provision of additional temporary relief measures for listed issuers by SC and more.

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As stated in the article that Malaysian capital markets remain vibrant as it benefited through the international investors with a higher risk and looking out for a higher return. So, the lesson that I have learn through the article is as an investor, we must brave to  take any risk because without trying something new and taking the challenges, we will not have the chances to experience or to learn new things because sometime the higher the risk, the higher the return that we may receive. But in the same time also, before taking any action we should be knowledgeable and take precaution step in the investment activity because as an investor we must know how to choose the best place to invest our property or money in order to get higher return on investment. Hence, being a risk taker can help us to release ourself from the comfort zone and experience new things.

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As we can see Malaysian capital markets remain vibrant on this year 2021 and this give all the investor including international investor to do investor activities. It shows improvement the Fundraising activities in the capital markets and Malaysian bonds also benefited from international investors with a higher risk appetite seeking out higher return fixed-income assets in the emerging markets. While corporate bonds saw its 5-year AAA-rated, AA-rated and A-rated securities. The lesson we can take from it,  this is the right time to invest our money to the market to get higher return, The problem is either you want to receive higher return, you must be a risk taker to do so or we can use government bond because it is viewed as low-risk.investments

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Malaysian capital markets remain vibrant as it benefited from international investors with a higher risk appetite seeking out higher return fixed-income assets in the emerging markets which they bear in mind that the risk they taking to achive higher return. Corporate bonds also saw its 5-year AAA-rated, AA-rated and A-rated securities increase within 6- to 43 bps as this show the importance of credit rating when we one to invest to ensure which one is the best to invest

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Read the following news article. Briefly explain one lesson you can learn from this news article - relate it with Chapter 5.

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Malaysian capital markets remain vibrant, gross funds raised increased 16.3% to RM163b as at July 2021

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KUALA LUMPUR (Oct 29): Malaysia’s capital markets remained vibrant, with gross funds raised increasing by 13.4% to RM163 billion as at the end of July 2021 from a year ago, according to the Economic Outlook 2022 Report published by the Ministry of Finance (MoF) on Friday.Fundraising activities in th…

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Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) as we all know, plays an essential part in Malaysia's financial management, in my opinion. BNM examines the state of our economy and its surroundings in order to promote and maintain monetary stability in the country.

BNM made a wise move in tightening monetary policy in 2H22, as Malaysia is one of the countries most impacted by the covid 19 pandemic, which began in early 2020 and caused an economic crisis in which numerous demand and supply operations were temporarily halted. By tightening monetary policy, the financial system can be protected from unlawful activities such as money laundering and terrorism funding, as well as other actions that could result in further losses and damage to Malaysia's financial management.

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NUR NATASYAH ALIEYAH BINTI SURIANSA_2021124057

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NUR NATASYAH ALIEYAH BINTI SURIANSA_2021124057

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From my perspective of view,the main objective of establishing a central bank is to allow a centralised organisation to control the supply of money.
Central banks plays a really big important role in every country such as conducting a monetary policy, stabilize the financial system, and offering banking services services to commercial banks and other financial institutions, as well as offering banking services to the federal government.Central banks have enlarged their toolkits in the aftermath of the global financial crisis to deal with financial stability issues and regulate unpredictable exchange rates.

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In my opinion, Central banks play a crucial role in ensuring economic and financial stability. They conduct monetary policy to achieve low and stable inflation. Furthermore, In the wake of the global financial crisis, central banks have expanded their toolkits to deal with risks to financial stability and to manage volatile exchange rates.

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In my opinion, central bank is important because  it has the privileged to control over the production and distribution of money and credit for the nation. It help to conduct monetary policy to achieve price stability (low and stable inflation) and to help manage economic fluctuations. To achieve low and stable inflation, they conduct monetary policy. The central bank plays an important role in bringing a proper adjustment between demand and supply money.

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In my opinion, the central bank is important because it plays a crucial role in ensuring the economic and financial stability of our country. The main role of the central bank is to conduct the monetary policy, which in the article stated that the central bank has expected to tighten its monetary policy in the second half of the year of 2022. This needs to be done in order to achieve low and stable inflation and also preserve the purchasing power of MYR. Besides, the central bank is also playing an important role in facing any risks in financial institutions. The central bank has made observations on recent developments and the challenges in facing the risk. For example, risks of money laundering, terrorism financing and proliferation financing.

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In my opinion, the central bank is crucial since its main objective is to promote monetary and financial stability. As for Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia's monetary policy stance aims to preserve price stability while being supportive of growth. BNM also plays a key role in implementing programmes to deepen and improve financial markets, especially the foreign exchange market, as well as maintaining the purchasing power of the ringgit. In reaction to the pandemic, BNM has committed to assist individuals or SMEs who have been negatively impacted by the pandemic. According to the most recent Budget 2022 announcement, BNM is committed to increasing allocations under the BNM's Fund for SMEs by RM 4.5 billion, bringing total available funds to RM11.2 billion as of September 2021. Thus, BNM plays a critical role in aiding the economic recovery. As a result, the country's economy is predicted to recover more quickly, with a GDP rate of 5.5 percent to 6.5 percent next year.

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In my opinion, the central bank is important because it plays a crucial role in ensuring economic and to achieve financial stability. Next, central bank also works in maintaining the equilibrium between the demand and supply of money which help the  to overcome the financial problem that faced by the government

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Based on the articles, as we all know Bank Negara Malaysia is the central bank of Malaysia. The role of central bank is to ensure that the economic and financial performance is under control or maintain at a stable phase. It provides the country with price stability by controlling inflation. Without a proper management of central bank, the country will face difficulties in its financial by having poor financial health that will give bad effect to the country.

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In my opinion, The role of Bank Negara Malaysia is to promote monetary and financial stability. This is aimed at providing a conducive environment for the sustainable growth of the Malaysian economy. Bank Negara Malaysia's monetary policy stance is to maintain price stability while remaining supportive of growth. The Bank actively promotes financial inclusion, which has led to improved access to financial services for all economic sectors and segments of society, thereby supporting balanced economic growth. Other important roles of the Bank are being a banker and adviser to the Government, playing an active role in advising on macroeconomic policies and managing the public debt. It is also the sole authority in issuing currency as well as managing the country's international reserves.

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My personal opinion is that, the Central bank ensures that the country's banking system from failing it is because Central banks are essential to sustaining economic and financial stability. They implement monetary policy in order to achieve low and stable inflation. Following the global financial crisis, central banks' toolkits for dealing with financial stability risks and managing volatile exchange rates have expanded.

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In my opinion, the central bank is important because central banks play an important role to ensure the economic and financial stability in every transaction, business and daily activities. When commercial banks are unable to cover a supply shortage, the central bank is responsible for providing funds to the nation's economy. In other words, the central bank prevents the country's banking system from failing, and its goal is to provide price stability for their countries' currencies by controlling inflation. In addition, central bank is important because central bank is the controller of credit

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In my opinion, Central bank need to always alert to the ML/TF/PF activities because it will give bad effect to the economy. Central bank also have the authorities to check large amount of money transactions made by individuals or businesses. Other than that, they also can made various of solution to the ML/TF/PF such as Anti- Money Laundering activities. Central bank can hire employees that specialist in the tracking all the money laundering activities or create a software that can track every transactions by million customers that has high volume.

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In my opinion, Central bank do play an important role to ensure our economic and financial to stable and also growth continuously. Besides that, to ensure financial institutions' safety and soundness, the central bank controls and supervises them. Other than that, I do agree with the Bank Negara's decision to tighten monetary policy in order to decrease the prospect of increasing inflation while also preventing a slowdown in economic development. Last but not least, the Central Bank assists the government in managing its balance of payments by balancing the demand and supply of money.

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From my reading, my opinion why Central Bank is important is they will provide monetary stability by tighten monetary policy. They will ensure that the saving and borrow money is balance or the supply of money is balance with the demand of the money. Besides, they will ensure the interest rate is stable within the economic growth which means there is not too high interest rate and not too low interest rate. This is because for make sure the people can do saving and borrow money without any worried. For example, if the interest rate is too high consumer will not borrow money from the bank because the interest rate that they wanted to pay back is high while if the interest rate is low the bank will attract the consumer to borrow the money. Furthermore, by retained the Overnight Policy Rate which means the policy rate is unchanged. Other than that, the Central Bank will do reserves to make sure the maintain the economic growth. Lastly, the Central Bank will provide or find any alternatives to avoid the money laundering happens in the country.

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AWANG AHMAD FITRIE AZIZIE BIN JASMIN
2021117447
BA242
TUTORIAL

In my opinion, central bank is very important in our country, Malaysia because central bank or Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) plays a significant role in developing the financial transaction in the industry. For instance, central bank formulates regulatory framework and conducts oversight on large value and retail payments system. For further, this oversight activities mainly focus on the  systemic risks and reducing the whole risks in the payment  systems. But not only that, central bank also play their role in improving or improvise for payment services and market developments which is central bank ensuring the public confidence in the retail payment system. Hence, central bank is very important for country development.

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Based on my reading through the articles, in my opinion BNM holds various vitals roles in Malaysia especially in terms of financial management. There are few reasons why BNM is important, first is they are promoting and providing monetary stability. BNM are examining our economic development and the surrounding of it. Just like during the outbreak of COVID 19 in early 2020, Malaysia was hit by an economic crisis where demand and supply for worldwide country had been affected and many international activities also being on hold. Then, BNM has tighten monetary policy in 2H22 in order to take a good outlook for Malaysian financial position. Other than that, BNM also providing a protection for the financial consumers and also protect the integrity of the financial system. By doing this, the illegals activities such as money laundering, terrorism financing can be decreased and avoided in early stage

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A central bank, in my opinion, is necessary because it plays a critical role in ensuring economic and financial stability. A central bank is a financial institution that has exclusive power over the creation and distribution of money and credit for a country or set of countries. So, in general, the central bank plays a critical role in both driving economic growth and achieving financial stability. The Central Bank also helps the government manage its balance of payment problems by maintaining the equilibrium between demand and supply of money.

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In my opinion, Central banks are critical to maintaining economic and financial stability. They implement monetary policy in order to achieve low and steady inflation. Following the global financial crisis, central banks' toolkits for dealing with financial stability issues and managing fluctuating exchange rates have grown. In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, central banks deployed a variety of conventional and unconventional methods to loosen monetary policy, sustain liquidity in major financial markets, and keep credit flowing. To fulfil their goals, central banks require clear policy frameworks.

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A central bank is a financial institution given privileged control over the production and distribution of money and credit for a nation or a group of nations. in my opinion, the central bank is important because central banks enact monetary policy, by easing or tightening the money supply and availability of credit, central banks seek to keep a nation's economy on an even keel. So its means that the central bank sets requirements for the banking industry, such as the amount of cash reserves banks must maintain their deposits. In conclusion, a central bank also can be a lender of last resort to troubled financial institutions and even governments.

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As for my judgement, I do think central bank plays a crucial part in ensuring our country’s economy improve from time to time; especially in this recovery phase. As the main role of the central bank is to promote monetary and financial stability in order to support a sustainable growth, I personally agree if Bank Negara decided to tighten monetary policy so that the possibility of rising inflation can be reduce aside of avoiding the downturn in the rate of economic growth.  Another importance of central bank is to keep reserves in order to safeguard the value of currency, and the method can be seen as today BNM’s international reserves stand at US$116.1bil that is RM482.28 billion. This position alone is adequate to finance 8.1 months of retained imports. Furthermore, the overnight policy rate is an important part of Malaysia’s monetary policy. It can impact a wide range of important financial measures such as deposit rates, lending rates, foreign exchange rates, and crucially - home loan interest rates. As the Bank cut the OPR rate at its all time low of 1.75% since 7th July 2020, it benefits a large number of existing home loan holders, as well as people looking to access a new home loan for a property purchase as the interest rates on loans decreases.

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In my opinion, a central bank is important because it plays an important role in ensuring economic and financial stability. The central bank regulates and supervises financial institutions to promote their safety and soundness. Besides that, they oversee the money and foreign exchange markets to promote their integrity and orderly functioning. Furthermore, they conduct monetary policy prudently to maintaining low and stable inflation. Lastly, the central bank advising on macroeconomic policy and managing public debt to the Government and they also the sole authority in issuing currency as well as managing the country's international reserves.

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In my opinion,  central banks is important because  its guaranteeing economic and financial stability  and use monetary policy to keep inflation low and stable. Central banks have broadened their toolkits in the aftermath of the global financial crisis to deal with financial stability issues and regulate fluctuating exchange rates. It also issues currency and safeguarding its value.

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The central Bank is the institution that facilitates the commercial bank and regulates the monetary decisions for the economy. So basically the central bank is very crucial in accelerating the economy growth as well as to achieve financial stability. The Central Bank also works in maintaining the equilibrium between the demand and the supply of money and helps to solve balance of payment problem faced by the Government.

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Read the following news articles.

https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/11/08/bnms-international-reserves-stand-at-us116-1bil/

https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2021/11/05/bank-negara-expected-to-tighten-monetary-policy-in-2h22

https://www.nst.com.my/business/2021/11/743770/malaysias-key-interest-rate-stay-put-till-mid-2022

https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2021/11/09/money-laundering-terrorism-financing-proliferation-financing-on-the-rise-says-bank-negara

From your reading, provide your opinion on why a central bank is important.

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1.      Profitability

a)      ROA = NP/TA

ROA = 1.05 billion/36.5 billion

ROA = 0.028 times @ 2.87%

b)     ROE = NP/SH’E

ROE = 1.05 billion/3.75 billion

ROE = 0.28 times @ 28%

c)      SPREAD = Interest Income – Interest Expenses

SPREAD = 2.50 billion – 0.95 billion

SPREAD = RM1.55 billion

d)     Net Interest Margin = (Interest Income – Interest Expenses)/TA

Net Interest Margin = (2.50 billion – 0.95 billion)/36.5 billion

Net Interest Margin = RM42,465,753 million @ 0.04246 times @ 4.24%

2.      Liquidity

a)      Loans to TA = TL/TA

Loans to TA = 25.5 billion/36.5 billion

Loans to TA = 0.6986 times @ 69.86%

b)     LA to TA = Cash & Short-Term Securities/TA

LA to TA = 4.25 billion/36.5

LA to TA = 0.1164 times @11.64%

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NUR NATASYAH ALIEYAH BINTI SURIANSA 2021124057

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PROFITABILITY

Return on Asset (ROA)
= Net profit /TA
= RM 1050 000 000/ RM 36 500 000 000
= 0.02876 @ 2.89%

Return On Equity (ROE)
= Net profit /Shareholder Equity
= RM 1050 000 000 / RM 3750 000 000
= 0.28 @ 28.0%

Spread
= Interest Income - Interest Expenses
= RM 2500 000 000 - RM 95 000 000
= RM 2405 000 000

Net Interest Margin
= (Interest Income - Interest Expense/ TA)
= RM 2405 000 000 / RM 36 500 000 000
= 0.06589 @ 6.59%

LIQUIDITY

Loan to total assets
= RM 25 500 000 000 / RM 36 500 000 000
= 0.6986 @ 69.9%

Liquid Assets to total assets
= RM 4250 000 000/  RM 36500 000 000 = 0.1164 @ 11.64%

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QUESTION 2:

a) Calculation based on Profitability and Liquidity:

1)    Profitability

·       ROA = 1.05/36.5 = 2.88%

·       ROE = 1.05/37.5 = 28%

·       Spread = (2.5 – 0.95) / 36.5 = 4.25%

·       Net interest margin = 2.5 – 0.95 = RM1.55

2)    Liquidity

·       Loans to Total Asset = 25.5 / 36.5 = 69.86%

·       Liquid asset to total asset = 4.25 / 36.5 = 11.64%

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ISMAWATY ISMAIL

2021478834

PROFITABILITY

Return on Asset (ROA) = Net profit/TA

= RM 1050 000 000 /RM 36 500 000 000

= 0.02876 @ 2.89%

Return On Equity (ROE) =    Net profit /Shareholder Equity

= RM 1050 000 000/RM 3750 000 000

= 0.28 @ 28.0%

Spread = Interest Income - Interest Expenses

= RM 2500 000 000 - RM 95 000 000

= RM 2405 000 000

Net Interest Margin = (Interest Income - Interest Expense)/TA

= RM 2405 000 000/RM 36 500 000 000

= 0.06589 @ 6.59%

LIQUIDITY

Loan to total assets = RM 25 500 000 000/RM 36 500 000 000

= 0.6986 @ 69.9%

Liquid Assests to total assets = RM 4250 000 000/RM 36500 000 000

= 0.1164 @ 11.64%

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WAN NUR ALWANY IZZATY BT WAN MOKHTAR (2021155949)

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Debra Callissa Ujin ( 2020465618 )

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PROFITABILITY

Return on Asset

=Net profit / total assets

= RM1.05B / RM 36.5B

= 0.0288 @ 2.87%

Return on Equity

=Net Profit / Shareholders’ equity

=RM1.05B / RM3.75B

= 0.28 @ 28%

Spread

= Interest income – interest expense

= RM2.05B – RM 0.95B

= RM1 550 000 000

Net Interest Margin

= (Interest income – interest expense) / total asset

= RM1 550 000 000  / RM36 500 000 000

=0.04 @ 4.25 %

LIQUIDITY

Loans to total asset

= total loans / total assets

= RM 25.5B / RM36.5B

=0.6986 @ 69.86%

Liquid assets to total assets

= cash&short term securities / total assets

= RM4.25B / RM36.5B

= 0.1164 @ 11.64%

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Rachel Joan Julinoh
2021813256
PYQ July 2017
Part C Question 2(a)

Profitability

1. Return on Asset
= 1050000/36500000
= 2.88%

2. Return on Equity
= 1050000/3750000
= 28%

3. Spread
= 2500000 - 950000
= 1550000

4. Net Interest Margin
= 2500000 - 950000 / 36500000
= 4.25%

Liquidity

1. Loans to Total Asset
= 25500000/36500000
= 69.86%

2. Liquid Asset to Total Asset
= 4250000/36500000
= 11.64%

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PROFITIBILITY
Return On Asset (ROA)
= Net Profit/Total Assets
= 1.05b/36.5b
= 0.03%

Return On Equity (ROE)
= Net Profit/Shareholder's Equity
= 1.05b/3.75b
= 0.28%

Spread
= Interest Income - Interest Expenses
= 2.50b - 0.95b
= 1.55b

Net Interest Origin
= (Interest Income - Interest Expenses)/Total Asset
= 1.55b/36.5b
= 0.04%

LIQUIDITY
Loans to Total Asset
= Total Loan/Total Asset
= 25.5b/36.5b
= 0.70%

Liquid Asset to Total Asset
= (Cash & Short Term Securities)/Total Asset
= 4.25b/36.5b
= 0.12%

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JULY 2017 PAST YEAR QUESTION

PART C (Q.2)

Nur Julaila Binti Mohd Kadir

(PROFITABILITY)

Return on asset= 1.05/ 36.5

= 2.88%

Return on Equity= 1.05/ 3.75

= 28%

Spread= 2.50 - 0.95

= RM 1.55 billion

Net interest margin= 2.50 - 0.95  / 36.5

= 4.25%

(LIQUIDITY)

Loans to total asset= 25.5 / 36.5

= 69.86%

Liquid asset to total asset= 4.25 /  36.5

= 11.64%

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Name: Iqmal Razi Bin Dzulkifli
Matrix No: 2021898034
Past Year Question July 2017
Part C: Q2(a)

Profitability:

1.. Return on Asset (ROA)= Net Profit / Total Assets

= 1,050,000,000 / 36,500,000,000
= 0.03 times @ 2.88%

2. Return on Equity (ROE)= Net Profit / Shareholders’ Equity

= 1,050,000,000 / 3,750,000,000
= 0.28 times @ 28%

3. Spread= Interest Income – Interest Expense

= 2,500,000,000 – 950,000,000
= RM 1,550,000,000

4. Net Interest Margin= Interest Income – Interest Expense / Total Assets

= 2,500,000,000 – 950,000,000 / 36,500,000,000
= 0.04 times @ 4.25%

Liquidity:

1. Loans to Total Assets= Total Loans / Total Assets

= 25,500,000,000 / 36,500,000,000
= 0.70 times @ 69.86%

2. Liquid Assets to Total Assets= Cash & Short-Term Securities / Total Assets

= 4,250,000,000 / 36,500,000,000
= 0.12 times @ 11.64%

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PROFITABILITY

RETURN ON ASSETS= 1 050 000 000/36 500 000 000 = 0.0288@2.88%

RETURN ON EQUITY= 1 050 000 000/ 3 750 000 000 = 0.28@28%

SPREAD= 2 500 000 000 - 950 000 000 = 1 550 000 000

NET INTEREST MARGIN = 1 550 000 000/36 500 000 000= 4.25%

LIQUIDITY

LOANS TO TOTAL ASSETS= 25 500 000 000/36 500 000 000 = 69.86%

LIQUID ASSETS TO TOTAL ASSETS= 4 250 000 000/36 500 000 000 = 11.64%

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AWANG AHMAD FITRIE AZIZIE BIN JASMIN

2021117447

03.11.2021 (WEDNESDAY)

PAST YEAR QUESTION JULY 2017

PART C: Q2 (a)

PROFITABILITY:

RETURN ON ASSET (ROA)
= Net Profit/Total Assets

= 1 050 000 000/ 36 500 000 00
= 0.02876 @ 2.89 %

RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE)
= Net Profit/Shareholder’s equity

= 1 050 000 000/ 3 750 000 000

= 0.28 @ 28.0 %

SPREAD
= Interest Income - Interest Expense
= 2 500 000 000 - 950 000 00
= RM 1 550 000 000

NET INTEREST MARGIN
= (Interest Income - Interest Expense)/ Total assets

= 1 550 000 000/36 500 000 000

= 0.04246@ 4.25 %

LIQIUDITY:

LOAN TO TOTAL ASSETS
= 25 500 000 000/ 36 500 000 000

= 0.6986 @ 69.9 %

LIQIUD ASSETS TO TOTAL ASSETS
= 4 250 000 000/ 36 500 000 000

= 0.1164 @ 11.64 %

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Hello everyone my name is Debra Callissa Ujin, you can call me Deb. I think the character that resemble me is Shizuka Minamoto from Doraemon. This is because shizuka was a shy and quiet person, but she was friendly and talk a lot with the person close to her. Shizuka also love to help others in need.  Nice to meet all of you and i hope we can get along well this semester. Thank you :)

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In my opinion, it is good to know that our country financial system remain resilience toward economic and financial shock. This is because of the ramp-up in provisions in 2020 has provided banks with some headroom this year that allows banks to further extend debt repayment assistance to households and businesses that were affected by the most recent movement restrictions while sustaining lending activities. By the time being the sector are slowly recover soon and business can fully operate that can increase higher debt repayment by firms.

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Please do your discussion in the comment section. If you have not yet register padlet and is anonymous, please write down your name. Thanks.

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Please do your discussion in the comment section. If you have not yet register padlet and is anonymous, please write down your name. Thanks.

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Please do your discussion in the comment section. If you have not yet register padlet and is anonymous, please write down your name. Thanks.

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Please do your discussion in the comment section. If you have not yet register padlet and is anonymous, please write down your name. Thanks.

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Please do your discussion in the comment section. If you have not yet register padlet and is anonymous, please write down your name. Thanks.

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Discussion on Group Assignment (5-6pm: 28/10/2021)

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Discussion on Group Assignment (5-6pm: 28/10/2021)

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Please discuss among your group members - maybe you can allocate tasks to members, etc. I will observe your discussion, so make sure every member contributes ya. Thank you.

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Thank you for all students who have posted their opinions. To those who have not yet share their opinion, I will still allow you to do so.

Generally, it is important to have a sound and stable financial system for an efficient allocation of resources and distribution of risks in our economy - it ensures the intermediation process work efficiently - meaning to say the fund flows between surplus units and deficit units are efficient - hence promoting economic growth and development. BNM plays the major roles to promote and maintain monetary and financial stability - by promoting a sound and efficient Malaysian financial system - by maintaining the strength of financial institutions and formidable financial infrastructure to withstand any adverse economic situation.

Reference: Financial Market & Banking Operations Textbook of Ibrahim Abdul Rahman & Siti Norbaya Mohd Rashid