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1st clock: 5 o’clock 2nd clock: 1

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6 o’clock

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Tell the time

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Answer any two in Roman numeral

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Write the Roman numbers

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Learn About Roman Numerals

🤓 Look at this clock. It uses some symbols to show the numbers 1-12.

Do you know what these numbers are called? 🤔

Numbers such as I, VI and IX are called Roman numbers (or Roman numerals).

👉 These numbers were invented by the ancient Romans almost 3,000 years ago! They used symbols to write numbers.

In this lesson, let's learn how to read and write Roman numbers. 🤗

Roman Numerals 1 - 10

Here's how you count from 1 to 3 in Roman numerals:

Easy so far right?

Can you guess what 4 is? You may think it's 4 I's, but it's actually:

What is that V symbol? 🤔

In Roman numerals, V is the symbol for 5.

In Roman numerals, you never write more than 3 of the same symbol in a row.

That's why after III comes IV.

So what do you think comes after V? 🤔

We add another I.

We can add one more I to get 7.

In Roman numerals, it's ok to have 3 of any symbol in a row, but no more. So after 7 comes:

Now what do we do? We can't add another I. So we need to use a new bigger symbol:

To make 9, we take away 1 from 10:

Remember: when we write I before a bigger symbol like V or X, we take away from that number.

Great job learning to count from I to X in Roman numerals!

To count to 10, you've had to use 3 of the symbols that make up Roman numerals: I, V, X.

Now let's learn the other 4 symbols: L, C, D, and M.

Roman Numerals L, C, D, M

😃 Roman numerals are all made up of seven symbols.

You've learned I, V, and X. Here are the 4 bigger symbols:

😎 You can use this sentence to help you remember the order:

Rules for Roman Numerals

✅ All roman numerals are combinations of the basic 7 symbols.

These combinations follow four important rules:

Rule 1:When a smaller symbol is after a greater symbol, it's added.

For example,

Rule 2: If a symbol comes after itself, it's added.

Rule 3: When a smaller symbol appears before a greater symbol, it is subtracted.

For example,

Rule 4: The same symbol cannot be used more than three times in a row.

For example,

Roman Numerals - Basic Numbers

🤗 Let's now use these rules to learn some basic roman numerals.

Great work! 👏

Now, let's learn how to read and write other roman numerals.

Converting Roman Numerals to Digits

👉 Look at this roman numeral.

How will you convert it into digits? 🤔

That's right! 😎

To convert a roman numeral into digits, find the value of each symbol in it, and then add or subtract these values.

Let's try to do that now!

✅ First, let's find the value of each symbol.

✅ Now, let's see if there are any smaller symbols appearing before bigger symbols.

This is because we need to subtract those values ( Rule 3)!

Here is Rule 3 one more time:

Rule 3: When a smaller symbol appears before a greater symbol, it is subtracted.

✅ Now, let's add/subtract the values.

🤓 So, what's the value of this roman numeral?

Correct! 🤗

Awesome! 👌

Let's try one more example.

👉 Convert this roman numeral to digits.

Let's do it! 😃

How do we start? 🤔

✅ First, we find the values of all the symbols.

✅ Next, we find any smaller symbols that appear before bigger symbols.

✅ Now, let's add/subtract the values.

So, the value of this roman numeral is:

Perfect! 😎

Converting Digits to Roman Numerals

👉 Now, let's try converting this number into a roman numeral.

How will you do it? 🤔

Very good! 😎

To convert a number into a roman numeral, split the number into the values of I, V, X, L, C, D, M.

Let's try!

So, what is the answer? 😃

Nice job! 👏

Let's try one last example.

👉 Convert this number into a roman numeral.

Let's do it!

So, what's the answer? 🤓

You got it! 🤗

Watch and Learn

You did great learning about Roman numerals! 👏 Now try the practice questions.

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Roman Numerals I, V, X, L, C, D, M - 3rd Grade Math - Class Ace

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🤓 Look at this clock. It uses some symbols to show the numbers 1-12. Do you know what these numbers are called? 🤔 Numbers such as I, VI and IX are called Roman numbers (or Roman numerals). 👉 These numbers were invented by the ancient Romans almost 3,000 years ago!

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Write a fact about Roman numerals