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Hartford courant:
https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2009-03-31-little-rock-9-timeline-story.html
history channel:
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/fourteenth-amendment

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- the 14th amendment in the constitution was being violated
- 14th amendment:  "granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former slaves—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.” One of three amendments passed during the Reconstruction era to abolish slavery and establish civil and legal rights for black Americans, it would become the basis for many landmark Supreme Court decisions over the years." (history channel)

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- i think this cartoon is trying to say how Orval faubus tried basically all he could to stop the nine from getting into the school but he is defeated, because they got in and they all eventually graduated. - i think this is just showing his defeat.

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- i think the little rock nine was a major stepping stone for the civil rights movement. suddenly African american students were allowed into all white schools, i think this helped other organizations of African Americans to stand up and fight even harder for their rights. for example sit ins, they probably felt more comfortable sitting into white restaurants to protest even more what they knew was right.

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this was a supreme court case that  unanimously ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
- was a cornerstone in the civil rights movement
- helped establish the precedent that "separate but equal" education and other things were not actually equal.

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- i think really the only key strategies that were used is when the police escorted the students into the school before all the crowds and protesters got there. it didn't work though because they had to be escorted out again.
- i also think another key strategy was just having the students be escorted in the first place. i think without the escort the students could've been injured.

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1954: the u.s. supreme court orders the desegregation of schools.
1955: the central high school board decides to comply with the ruling
1957: NAACP registers nine students to enroll in the school
- sept 4th: the nine students try to enter the school but are turned away by the national guard.
- sept 9th: judge davies begins injunction proceedings against the governor and two National Guardsmen for interfering with integration
- sept 14th: Sept. 14: Faubus meets with President Dwight D. Eisenhower
- sept 20th: Judge Davies grants NAACP lawyers Thurgood Marshall and Wiley Branton an injunction telling Faubus to withdraw the National Guard
- sept 23: little rock police slip the students in before crowds come, the protesters realize what happen and start protesting and rioting so the police escort the students out.
-Sept 24: Eisenhower sends 101st Airborne Division of the U.S. Army to Little Rock
- Sept 25: Little Rock Nine successfully enter the school
- Nov 27: 101st leaves Little Rock
1958: Little Rock Nine receive NAACP's Spingarn Medal
- May 8: Eisenhower orders federalized National Guard removed from Central High School
- May 27: The oldest Little Rock Nine student, Ernest Green, is the first black student to graduate from Central High
- September: Faubus signs a recently passed law allowing him to close Little Rock public senior high schools, forcing all students to study elsewhere
- June 1959: A federal court rules Faubus' actions unconstitutional, forcing him to reopen the schools

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Ernest green became the first African american to graduate from central high. a year after his graduation governor Faubus ordered the schools close to protest African Americans from attending white schools. the schools later reopened and the rest of the little rock nine graduated. even martin Luther king jr came to Ernest greens graduation at central high school.

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Ronald Davies was a judge who worked with president Eisenhower to remove the national guard from blocking the students from getting into the school. on September 20th he ordered the guard be removed and the police take over to help the students. later he worked with the president to send federal troops to the school and remain there to help the students.

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Elizabeth was one of the 9 students who were going to the new school. unfortunately the first day of school the other 8 students all arrived together and had no way of telling Elizabeth they were all carpooling there so she showed up alone and had to walk through a crowd of screaming white students and parents to get into the school. she even recalled one women spitting on her as she walked past.

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Orval faubus was the governor at the time of the little rock nine incident. he was the one that ordered the national guard to come and block the black students from entering the school. his reasoning behind not letting the students into the school was for their own safety. obviously he was just racist and didn't want integrate the schools.

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the little rock nine was a group of 9 black students who enrolled at a formally all white school. these students attendance at this school was a test against brown vs. board of education. the day that school started the governor of Arkansas called in the national guard to block the students from getting into the school, so later that month Dwight d Eisenhower called in federal troops to escort the students into the school, causing a lot of attention towards the civil rights movement.