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Thank you for your wonderful class. I feel privileged to be in your class!

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from 'Night Mother
by Marsha Norman

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from

The Devil Wears Prada

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Tools for Clear Speech<https://tfcs.baruch.cuny.edu/>
Hummingbird

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① law/low
② hit/heat
③ listen/lesson
④ foam/form
⑤ bowl/ball
⑥ staff/stuff
⑦ hot/hut/hat
⑧ pin/pen/pan
⑨ sit/seat/sheet
⑩ coat/court/caught

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Practice the Alphabet

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"When a speaker says one thing, but actually means the opposite. It is signaled by a unique intonation pattern in English.
1⃣ Genuine Confirmation: Yeah, right. - falling
2⃣ Agreement: Yeah, right? - rising
3⃣ Sarcasm: Yeah…right. -up-and-down intonation

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"who, what, where, when, why, and how.  - falling"

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"Statements that end with a short question. The short question at the end can either have rising or falling pitch, and this can affect the meaning of the tag question."

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"Would you like coffee or tea? - rising: it becomes a yes/no, or open-choice, question.
Would you like coffee or tea? - if the speaker wants to offer a choice between two things, the first thing will have rising pitch, and the second thing will have falling pitch. closed-choice question."

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"When requesting for clarification of what someone else has said, there is typically a rising pitch at the end of the phrase. It will sound like a yes/no question as opposed to a typical wh-question asking for new information.
Remember: rising intonation on a “wh” question is a request for clarification, whereas falling intonation on a “wh” question is a request for additional information."

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"In most cases, yes/no questions have rising intonation. One notable exception to common yes/no questions is the rhetorical question, which is a type of question used to make a point instead of eliciting an answer. Rhetorical questions can have rising or falling intonation. "

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"The sound changes produced by the rise and fall of the voice when speaking, especially when this has an effect on the meaning of what is said."

Certainty and Uncertainty

Falling: a speaker has finished a thought, or that the speaker is certain.
Rising: uncertainty, surprise, or a desire for confirmation.

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"Thought groups are another aspect of spoken English rhythm that can have a beneficial impact on your intelligibility. Thought groups allow you to organize your speech into groups of words that make up a single idea (Grant, 2010). They help your listener(s) better understand the information in your speech by organizing your ideas into comprehensible “packages” that are easy to process (Grant, 2010)."

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"English isn’t always pronounced the way it’s written. When we speak, the sounds in English sometimes change because we speak in streams of speech, not word by word."

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"Languages have different rhythmic patterns, and these patterns help listeners understand the message that is being communicated."

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“Stress is a quality of vowel sounds. It has three primary characteristics:

1. Length ↔

2. Volume

3. Pitch ↑”

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1.  [h]
2.  [k] , [g]
3.  [ŋ]
4.  [t], [d], [n]
5.  [θ] , [ð]
6.  [ʒ] , [dʒ]
7.  [tʃ] , [dʒ]
8.  [s] , [z]
9.  [f] , [v]
10. [p], [b], [m]

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1.  [ɑ:] , [ɔ:]
2.  [ɑ]
3.  [ʌ] , [ə]
4.  [ɪ]
5.  [u]
6.  [e], [i:], [ӕ]
7.  [ai]
8.  [au]
9.  [ɔi]
10. [ei]
11.  [ou]
12.  [u:]