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Human rights are natural rights guaranteed to any individual, regardless of ethnicity, social class, gender, nationality or political position. Civil rights refer to individual freedoms, such as the right to come and go, the right to life, freedom of expression, property, equality before the law, unless judged outside a regular process, not to have the home violated.

João de Camargo Pinto n12, Lucas Alves Cypriano n20, João Paulo Rosado n13, Vitor Vicente n34, Daniel Faian n4

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Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, on January 15, 1929. He decided to follow his grandfather's and his father's steps on becoming a Baptist Minister.

He was a Baptist Minister and one of the most important black leaders in the fight against racial discrimination in the United States.

As a Social Activist, Martin claimed decent wages and more jobs for the black population. During his childhood and adolescence, he lived through the racial segregationism that prevailed in the State of Atlanta.

Therefore, from the beggining of his career, Martin was an activist within the black movement that fought for civil equality between blacks and whites.

Martin lived dreaming of a better country, and died getting.Martin Luther King was murdered at Lorraine Mote. His murder took place on April 4, 1968 at 6:01 am

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BBC Face to Face| Martin Luther King Jr Interview (1961)

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'Eu tenho um sonho': Assista ao discurso de Martin Luther King legendado

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Martin Luther King - último discurso (1968) [legendado]

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Zumbi dos Palmares was born in the state of Alagoas in the year 1655 (The word Zumbi, comes from the African Kimbundu "nzumbi", and roughly means "goblin". In Brazil, Zumbi means ghost that, according to popular Afro-Brazilian belief, roams the houses in the middle of the night). He was one of the main representatives of the black resistance to slavery during colonial Brazil. He was leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares, a free community formed by fugitive slaves from the plantations. The Quilombo dos Palmares was located in the Serra da Barriga region, which is currently part of the municipality of União dos Palmares (Alagoas). At the time Zumbi was the leader, Quilombo dos Palmares reached a population of approximately thirty thousand inhabitants. In the quilombos, blacks lived free, according to their culture, producing everything they needed to live. Although he was born free, he was captured when he was around seven years old. Delivered to a Catholic priest, he received baptism and was given the name Francisco. He learned the Portuguese language and the Catholic religion, even helping the priest in celebrating mass. However, at the age of 15, he returned to live in the quilombo. In 1675, the quilombo was attacked by Portuguese soldiers. Zombie helps in defense and stands out as a great warrior. After a bloody battle, Portuguese soldiers are forced to withdraw to the city of Recife. Three years later, the governor of the province of Pernambuco approached leader Ganga Zumba to try to reach an agreement, Zumbi was against the agreement, as he did not admit the freedom of the quilombolas, while the blacks on the plantations would remain imprisoned. In 1680, at the age of 25, Zumbi becomes leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares, commanding the resistance against government officials. During his “government” the community grew and strengthened, achieving several victories against Portuguese soldiers. The Zumbi leader shows great skill in planning and organizing the quilombo, in addition to courage and military knowledge. In 1694, the pioneer Domingos Jorge Velho organized a major attack on the Quilombo dos Palmares. After an intense battle, Macaco, the seat of the quilombo, is completely destroyed. Wounded, Zumbi manages to flee, but is betrayed by an old companion and surrenders to the pioneer troops. At the age of 40, he was beheaded on November 20, 1695. Zumbi is considered one of the greatest leaders in our history. Symbol of resistance and fight against slavery, he fought for freedom of worship, religion and practice of African culture in Colonial Brazil. The day of his death, November 20, is remembered and celebrated throughout the national territory as the Black Consciousness Day.
Zumbi dos Palmares was a symbol of the fight against slavery, he also fought for the freedom of religious worship and for the practice of African culture in the country.

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1-He fought for freedom of worship and religion, as well as for the end of colonial slavery in Brazil. Despite this, this leader was also known for the despotic severity with which he led Palmares, where there was even a milder type of slavery.
2-Zumbi, also known as Zumbi dos Palmares, was a Brazilian quilombola leader, the last of the leaders of the Quilombo dos Palmares, the largest of the quilombos of the colonial period. Zombie was born in then Cap.

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Malala Yousafzai (1997) is a children's rights activist, a young Pakistani woman who was attacked for defending girls' right to go to school. At 17, she was the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.

Malala was born and raised in Mingora, the largest city in the Swat Valley, a very conservative region of Pakistan. In 2008, the Taliban leader, who dominated the area, demanded that schools stop teaching girls for a month.

At that time, a BBC journalist asked Malala's father, who owned the school where she attended, if some young people would be willing to talk about the matter. That's when the girl created the blog “A Pakistani Student's Diary” to write about her love for studies and the difficulties she experienced in Pakistan. The blog was written under a pseudonym, but within a few months Malala's identity was revealed and she started giving interviews for TV and newspapers.

The attack on the activist came shortly after the Taliban had lost control of the Swat Valley and the justification was that she was a threat to Islam. The girl had to undergo surgery and was transferred to the UK, where she received treatment and recovered.

In 2014, on account of her commitment to guaranteeing women's right to education, Malala became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize at age 17. Currently, she lives with her family in England, but still has the desire to return to her country to enter politics.

Participantes:
Jeniffer Rissi nº11
Lorenna Berto nº19
Maria Eduarda Rigobelo Bittencourt nº24
Giovanna Rosa Macedo nº34

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ENTREVISTA: Malala defende liberdade para mulheres (íntegra)

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Short biography:Francisco Alves Mendes Filho, Chico Mendes, was a rubber tapper, trade unionist, political activist and Brazilian environmentalist. He fought in favor of rubber tappers in the Amazon Basin, whose livelihood depended on preserving the forest and native rubber trees

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Short biography:Francisco Alves Mendes Filho, Chico Mendes, was a rubber tapper, trade unionist, political activist and Brazilian environmentalist. He fought in favor of rubber tappers in the Amazon Basin, whose livelihood depended on preserving the forest and native rubber trees

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nome: Julia Garcia, Rafaela, Lorena Martinez, Maria Clara e Ana Julia

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Grand biograf:Chico Mendes was born in the municipality of Xapuri, in Acre. Son of a northeastern migrant who went to the jungle to work as a rubber tapper. In the region, farmers were not interested in setting up schools where rubber plantations would work. Chico Mendes, 31, one of the few literate rubber tappers, was on the agricultural council. On December 22, 1988, Chico Mendes was murdered in an ambush behind his home. He left his family, Ilzamar, Angela, Sandino and Elenira. The name of Chico Mendes has become synonymous with environmentalism.

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Grand biograf:Chico Mendes was born in the municipality of Xapuri, in Acre. Son of a northeastern migrant who went to the jungle to work as a rubber tapper. In the region, farmers were not interested in setting up schools where rubber plantations would work. Chico Mendes, 31, one of the few literate rubber tappers, was on the agricultural council. On December 22, 1988, Chico Mendes was murdered in an ambush behind his home. He left his family, Ilzamar, Angela, Sandino and Elenira. The name of Chico Mendes has become synonymous with environmentalism.

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nome: Julia Garcia, Rafaela, lorena Martinez, Maria Clara e Ana Julia

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Fonts: Wikipédia, Revista galileu.globo
nomes: Julia Garcia, Rafaela, Lorena Martinez, Maria Clara e Ana Julia

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a little about Obama:

Barack Hussein Obama II (Honolulu, August 4, 1961) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017, being the first African American to hold the position.
He also served as a community organizer, civil rights attorney, and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004.
In 2004, after winning the Democratic primary in the Illinois Senate election, Obama was asked to deliver the keynote address at that year's Democratic National Convention, and in turn received national media attention.
Obama began his presidential campaign in 2007 and in 2008, after a close dispute in the party's primaries with Hillary Clinton, he garnered enough support to win the Democratic Party's nomination for the US presidency.
In foreign policy, Obama ordered an end to US involvement in the Iraq War, increased the number of troops in Afghanistan, signed arms control treaties with Russia, authorized an armed intervention in the Libyan Civil War, and ordered a military operation in Libya. Pakistan that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden.

CURIOSITES:

Barak Obama was the first African American president of the USA

Barack Obama is also very good in oratories that whenever he enters the scene until when he leaves the scene he shows a lot of confidence and firmness, his jestos are subtle and objective and of course we cannot forget his connection with the public.

nomes: Cíntia, Matheus, Théo, Murilo, João Pedro

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O EL PAÍS conversou com o ex-presidente americano no último dia 15 em Washington

O ex-presidente dos Estados Unidos, Barack Obama, durante a entrevista com o diretor do EL PAÍS. No vídeo, a entrevista completaGreg Kahn

Quatro anos se passaram desde que Barack Obama deixou a Casa Branca, após a vitória de Donald Trump. No último domingo, dia 15, o ex-presidente conversou com o diretor do EL PAÍS sobre as chaves de sua chegada ao poder e de seus oito anos de mandato, que reúne em um livro de memórias. Com a publicação de Uma terra prometida, Javier Moreno entrevista o ex-presidente em Washington. Na conversa, Obama reconhece uma certa frustração com a presidência de Donald Trump e prevê que Joe Biden buscará reconectar o país. Leia a entrevista com Barack Obama no EL PAÍS.

Regras

Mais informações

Adere a

Receba o boletim diário do EL PAÍS Brasil

Arquivado Em

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A entrevista completa de Barack Obama em vídeo

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O EL PAÍS conversou com o ex-presidente americano no último dia 15 em Washington Quatro anos se passaram desde que Barack Obama deixou a Casa Branca, após a vitória de Donald Trump. No último domingo, dia 15, o ex-presidente conversou com o diretor do EL PAÍS sobre as chaves de sua chegada ao poder e de seus oito anos de mandato, que reúne em um livro de memórias.

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Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Mvezo, South Africa. His birth name is Rolihlahla. He earned the nickname Nelson from a teacher at the school.

Nelson Mandela was a civil rights leader in South Africa. He fought against apartheid, a system in which non-white citizens were separated from whites and did not have equal rights. Nelson Mandela became a leader in the African National Congress (ANC).

He was classified as a terrorist by the South African government and sent to prison. Mandela spent the next 27 years in prison. His prison sentence brought international visibility to the anti-apartheid movement. He was finally released in 1990. Once released from prison, Nelson continued his campaign to end apartheid.

His work and lifelong effort paid off when all contestants were able to vote on the 1994 images. Nelson Mandela won and became the president of South Africa.

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1- Nelson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 1993;

2- July 18th is Nelson Mandela day. People are asked to devote 67 minutes to helping others. The 67 minutes represents the 67 years Mandela spent serving his country;

3- Invictus was a 2009 movie about Nelson Mandela and the South African rugby team;

4- He had six children and twenty grandchildren.

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Marielle Francisco da Silva, known as Marielle Franco, was a Brazilian politician and sociologist. Marielle was elected as a Councilwoman in Rio de Janeiro for the PSOL in 2016. Black, female, feminist, poor, raised in the favela, and gay, Marielle represented a range of minorities throughout her political life. The sociologist chaired the House Women's Commission, an advocate for human rights and LGBT causes.

Marielle was born on July 27, 1979 in Rio de Janiero, the daughter of Marinete da Silva and Antonio Francisco da Silva Neto, and sister of Anielle Franco. The family lived in a very poor area in Rio de Janeiro. At age 19 she had her only daughter, Luyara Franco. Marielle was the companion of architect Monica Benício, with whom she had been in a relationship since 2004.

Marielle was a street vendor, dancer, maid, and child educator until she could afford to pay for her studies. After the death of a close friend, a stray bullet victim, Marielle decided to dedicate herself to human rights activism. The sociologist worked in Redes da Maré and harshly criticized the police forces' abuses of power.

Marielle was elected in 2016 to the Rio de Janeiro City Council by the PSOL party with 46,502 votes. She was the fifth highest voted councilwoman in the city. During her term, the sociologist chaired the Chamber's Women's Commission.

A human rights advocate, she coordinated, together with Marcelo Freixo, the Commission for the Defense of Human Rights and Citizenship of the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro (Alerj). Marielle presented the Lesbian Visibility Day bill in the House of Representatives, which was not approved by only two votes.

During her time as councilwoman, she presented 16 bills, especially focused on public policies for blacks, women, and LGBT people.

On March 14, 2018, the car Marielle was in was hit by 13 shots that killed her and the driver. The crime happened during the night. They were returning from an event held at Casa das Pretas, a collective space for black women located in Lapa, when they were suddenly shot.

The Marielle Franco Institute was created by her family in order to seek justice for the case, as well as to defend the memory of the councilwoman and articulate political education for women, black people and slum dwellers. Anielle Franco, Marielle's sister, is the director of the Institute.

Giulia Struzziatto Machado n°8
Ana Luisa Trentin n°2

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The Life Of Brazil’s Marielle Franco | NowThis World

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Biography of Rosa Parks she fought forthe civil rights of black people in the United States on December 1 1995 she made history by refusing to give a white person her seat on a bus in Montgomery Alabama.She was born on February 4 1913 and died on the 24th of october 2005.                    Mirella Maia Fadel .     Número 27                                            Julia Marques Chinaglia.    Número  15