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It was on 9 November 1989, five days after half a million people gathered in East Berlin in a mass protest, that the Berlin Wall dividing communist East Germany from West Germany crumbled. the leaders of east germany were triying to calm  protests by reducing the borders, facilitating travels for East Germans. They did not have the intention  to open the border up completely. The changes were soposed to be fairly minor  but the way they were realised had major consequences than they were thinking.Mikhail Gorbachev is credited with many of the changes in Eastern Europe that ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall.

The main consequences of the fall of the Berlin Wall was the widespread collapse of Soviet governments in Eastern Europe. Weeks after the fall of the wall, there were widespread protests in Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, Hungary and the USSR.

https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-wall

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50013048

By Héctor Sánchez

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Landing allied troops arriving in the Omaha beach (nothern of France) while airborne troops were attacking. 

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The Normandy Invasion, also called Operation Overlord and often refered as  D-Day was the largest military naval, air  and  land operation ever attempted in history. It took place in Normandy (France) in five different beaches of the coast, the 6th of June, 1944, during the World War II, carried out by the Allied troops.

The reason why the  troops of the UK, Canada, the US and France, that were  the Allied ones, attacked German forces was to protect or liberate  people living there from Nazi- occupation, this event marked the startof the campaing to liberate Nazi-occupied territories of north-west Europe .

https://en.normandie-tourisme.fr/discover/history/d-day-and-the-battle-of-normandy/d-day-landing-beaches/

https://www.britannica.com/event/Normandy-Invasion

By Claudia González Bermejo

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During the Spanish Civil War, German and Italian armies supported Francisco Franco’s rebel side. In the afternoon of april 26th, planes of the German Condor Legion and the Italian Aviazione Legionaria bombed Guernica for about three hours and a half. More than 20 bombers systematically threw explosive and incendiary bombs on the village, killing hundreds of civilians and reducing to ruins lots of civil buildings. The survivors who tried to escape were machine-gunned by fighter planes that were going back and forth in waves. About one third of the population were killed or injured, and seventy percent of the town was destroyed. It is considered the first rehearsal of ‘total war’ against the population in Europe.

http://www.buber.net/Basque/History/guernica-ix.php

https://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld/guernica/glevel_1/1_bombing.html

By Roberto González Alés.

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Wall Street Crash was a sharp decline in US stock market values. It started on the day known as Black Thursday, October 24, 1929, when a record 12.9 million shares were traded. However, the stock prices had already began to fall during September and early October. In an attempt to stabilize the market, investment companies and bankers bought large blocks of stock. Nevertheless, on October 28 (Black Monday) and October 29 (Black Tuesday) stock prices collapsed completely and billions of dollars were lost at the expense of thousands of investors.

This event was one of the causes of the Great Depression of the 1930's, a deep, long-lasting economic turndown. Furthermore, it contributed to the failure of many banks and the increase in unemployment.

https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/1929-stock-market-crash

https://www.britannica.com/event/stock-market-crash-of-1929

By Diana García Fidalgo

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Hiroshima Bomb capital letters and date are required

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Hiroshima Bomb capital letters and date are required

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In 1945, the United States and Japan had faced each other for four years in the War of the Pacific, one of the major stages of World War II.On July 26 of that year, US President Harry Truman said an ultimatum against the Japanese.
As soon as they knew that the nuclear bomb would work, it is assumed that they would use it.The city that was exhorted was Hiroshima , a calm city until these day. Between 50,000 and 100,000 people are believed to have died on the day of the explosion.other consequences? WHAT WAS THE EFFECT ON THE WAR?

https://www.bbc.com/mundo/resources/idt-67d6f259-8dcb-480e-94c3-b208e8f279a2

the name of the author is required, as well as a link to a webpage in English

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Just after midnight on the night of August 12–13, 1961, trucks with soldiers and construction workers started passing through East Berlin. While most Berliners were sleeping, these crews began destroying streets that entered into West Berlin. Berliners were shocked when they woke up that morning. It's a barrier surrounded West Berlin and prevented access to it from East Berlin and adjacent areas of East Germany.
The Berlin Wall was built by the German Democratic Republic during the Cold War to prevent its population from escaping Soviet-controlled East Berlin to West Berlin, which was controlled by the major Western Allies.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berlin-Wall

https://www.thoughtco.com/the-berlin-wall-28-year-history-1779495

By Carla Sánchez Marcos

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This was a pit between the comunist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its ally, the US after WWII. This was a manifestation of the Cold War (showing the internal fight between the soviets and the US).

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

By Pablo Pacheco Penis

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The Yalta Conference was a meeting of the three World War II (that was close to the end) allies: Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister, Franklin D. Roosevelt, the president of the U.S. and Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Premier (USSR). This meeting was held on February 4th of 1945 in the resort city of Yalta. The Allied leaders discussed the future of Germany, Eastern Europe and the United Nations.  Poland’s future frontiers were also discussed but not decided. Finally, this conference is considered as the beginning of the Cold War.

https://www.britannica.com/

https://www.history.com/

https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/

By Lydia Martín Tejedor

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The Treaty of Rome is the agreement of the six member states (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany) which was signed on the 25th of march 1957 and took place in Rome,in order to reconstruct Europe after the devastation of the Second World War. In this treaty was established a single common market, eliminating customs tariffs between the other member countries; so they created common economic policies in agriculture, trade and transport,also common institutions to check that everything goes well and there were no problems. This treaty is the origin of the European Economic Community.

https://ukandeu.ac.uk/the-facts/what-is-the-treaty-of-rome/

By Nerea Palomino Durán

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Nelson Mandela, the lawyer, politician and activist, leader of the movement to end the South African racial oppression (apartheid), was released from prison on February 11, 1990, after 27 years. An enormous crowd was waiting for him outside the City Hall, to which he said: “Comrades and fellow South Africans, I greet you all in the name of peace, democracy and freedom for all”.
After this, he started being involved in politics, becoming the African National Congress leader. Reforms in the South African government took place, abolishing the apartheid in 1991. In April 1994, the first democratic elections were held, and Mandela became South Africa’s president, creating a new Constitution to recognize citizen’s rights.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nelson-mandela-released-from-prison https://www.cbsnews.com/news/on-this-day-february-11th-1990-nelson-released-from-prison/

By Irene Merayo

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Fascists walking to Rome through Ponte Salario, 6km away from the capital.

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On October 24, 1922, the Fascist Party leaders of Italy planned an organized mass rebelion, consisting of a march on Rome by the fascist armed squads known as Blackshirts and the capture of strategic local places throughout Italy, which finally took place eight days later.
The reason why they did this was to establish Benito Mussoliny and the Fascist Party he led, as the most important political party in Italy without any armed conflict.
Later the 30th of October, Mussoliny arrived to Rome to meet the king and got sworn as Prime Minister ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy.

https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/italy-1900-to-1939/the-march-on-rome/

https://www.britannica.com/event/March-on-Rome

By Marta Esteve Ramírez

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Gandhi with Mountbatten, the British Governor-General of India

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On August 15th, 1947, India became an independent nation. This revolution began in 1857 but it grew in intensity during WWII when Indians expected a self-government in return for their contribution to the UK during the war.

In June, 1947, Britain accepted the division of India, East Pakistan and West Pakistan (Bangladesh). Finally, in August, after 200 years of British rule, the independence leader Mahatma Gandhi achieved independence.

The independence of India was one of the most important, because India gained it without any war, by a large process of pacific resistance and different negotiations with Britain.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/india-and-pakistan-win-independence

https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/independence-and-partition-1947

By Luna Muvilla Campos

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were assassinated by a Bosnian Serb student, shot at close range while being driven through Sarajevo, on 28 June 1914. The killings incited a chain of events that led to the breakout of World War I by early August. The assassination has been described as the spark that would set light to a continent that was plagued with international tensions.

www.open.edu
www.history.com

By Cristian Díaz

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The Battle of the Somme was one of the most tragic battles of the First World War, lasting nearly five months.The 1 day of the battle is the most remembered because is one with the most deaths(60.000 casualties and 20.000 deaths)The offensive began on 1 July 1916 after a week-long artillery bombardment of the German lines.

On November 18, 1916, British Commander in Chief Sir Douglas Haig calls a halt to his army's offensive near the Somme River in northwestern France, ending the epic Battle of the Somme after more than four months of bloody conflict.
Against this Allied(Britain and France) total of more than 600,000,casualties, the Germans suffered more than 440,000 casualties.

https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-the-Somme
https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-the-somme

By Jorge Cortés Catalán

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After the abdication of the Russian emperor Nikolai II, a provisional government replaced him. It was weak, and the Bolsheviks (Russian communists) took advantage of their deficiencies. In October 1917, they gathered a crowd, and days later, more than 2000 people followed by tanks surrounded the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg.

They entered and produced a silent attack that marked the beginning of the October Revolution, led by the communists. It caused the start of the Russian Civil War (1917-1923), an enormous drop in the Russian economy, and in 1922, the establishment of the Soviet Union.

https://www.rbth.com/

https://www.history.org.uk/

By Darío Caballero Román

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Martin Luther King during his speech at the Licoln Memorial

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The “I Have a Dream” speech, delivered by Martin Luther King, Jr. before a crowd of some 250,000 people at the 1963 March on Washington, on August 28th,  remains one of the most famous speeches in history.
In his speech, he spoke of his wish for the future , that this was  that people of different races could live together peacefully in the United States.
He spoke of the discrimination that the black men have faced even though they were to be treated as equals.
The  speech was immediately recognized as a highlight of the successful protest, and has endured as one of the signature moments of the civil rights movement.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/I-Have-A-Dream

https://www.history.com/topics/civil-rights-movement/i-have-a-dream-speech

By Francisco Parra Luceño

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Fidel Castro and his friends entering Havana being surrounded and supported by his people

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Fidel Castro’s army entered Havana (Cuba) on January 8th of 1959. He achieved the Cuban revolution by USA, defeating the regime of General Fulgencio Batista, a dictator supported by the USA. When this occurred, he was at the other point of the island. He turned his march to the capital into a procession, being supported by all Cubans. This means that he, Generals Ernesto "Che" Guevara, and Camilo Cienfuegos were idols of freedom and liberty not only in Cuba but in the rest of the world.

history.com

historytoday.com

telesurtv.net

By Hugo Tinoco Arenas

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SREBRENICA MASSACRE, THE MUSLIM GENOCIDE IN THE WAR OF THE BALKANS. 1995

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SREBRENICA MASSACRE, THE MUSLIM GENOCIDE IN THE WAR OF THE BALKANS. 1995

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The Srebrenica massacre took place in Eastern Bosnia on july 11, 1995. It was a genocide in which 8000 Muslims were murdered. General Ratko Mladic, under the instructions of Bosnian-Serb leader Radovan Karadzik carried out this attack. They are considered the authors of this massacre.

This event has had a great impact on the world due to the fact that many  men were killed because of their ethnic origin. The most important consequence is that after this, Bosnia was divided into three different regions: Serbs, Croats and Muslims.

https://www.france24.com/en/20200710-srebrenica-massacre-25-years-on-muslims-still-face-serb-denial

https://apnews.com/article/ba3e3d6495c545bab2592b8e197be030

By Sofía Vasco Gómez

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THE RISE OF THE  NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT. 1955

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THE RISE OF THE  NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT. 1955

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Indian Prime Minister Nehru,  President  Nkrumah of Ghana, President  Nasser of Egypt  together with President  Sukarno (Indonesia) and Yugoslav President Tito meet at the Bandung Conference  held  in 1955.  They started a movement of new independent countries, mostly Third World ones, to promote peace and development by staying outside the blocs created by the USA and the USSR during the Cold War.

DECOLONIZATION/ COLD WAR

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Non-Aligned-Movement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung_Conference

By Mónica Lanero

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THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC IS PROCLAIMED. 1931 

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THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC IS PROCLAIMED. 1931 

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On April 14th people met at the city centers when the results of the elections held  on the 12th were known.  Where elections had been not rigged, but fair -in the main cities-, a coalition of parties in favour of a democratic republic had won. King Alfonso XIII  went to exile and his government  gave power to  the Republican politicians  who proclaimed the Spanish Republic  in front of an  enthusiastic crowd gathered at the Puerta del Sol in Madrid. It was the beginning of a new democratic period in the history of Spain, 57 years  after the end of the First Republic.

https://canalhistoria.es/hoy-en-la-historia/proclamacion-de-la-segunda-republica-espanola

http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Hist_Normas/PapHist/IIRepEsp

https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/second-spanish-republic-remembered/

By Mónica Lanero