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Orthopedic surgeons are devoted to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Throughout the years, substantive changes were made to the world of orthopedia and technology has gotten better making surgeries more professional in modern days.

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Modern orthopedic surgery arose from Hugh Owen Thomas and Sir Robert Jones, uncle and nephew, two descendants of a family of bonesetters from North Wales and Liverpool. Thomas combined formal medical education with his hereditary vocation into treatments that have endured for more than a century. The epitome is the Thomas splint, which was credited with a decrease in the mortality from open femur fractures to 20 from 80 percent during World War 1 and is still in use for the emergency transport of lower extremity injuries. By the end of the century, he was a leading figure in orthopedic surgery, childhood deformities, and the clinical use of X-rays.

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The 20th century saw the rise of effective spinal surgeries. As a result of the World Wars, treatment for orthopedic trauma was rapidly advanced, focusing on open wounds, wound care, amputations, and internal fixation.As the century progressed, we saw penicillin and later antibiotics reduce the incidence of osteomyelitis, and chemotherapy and limb replacement surgery increased the survival rates of musculoskeletal cancer. Likewise, we witnessed arthroscopy reduce the morbidity and complication rates of joint surgery, allografts change the approaches to athletic injuries and arthrodesis, and internal fixation techniques and devices significantly alter our approach to trauma.

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in the 21st century, orthopedic doctors treat a wide variety of conditions, including:  bone fractures, muscle strains, joint or back pain, bone cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome, limb abnormalities such as clubfoot and bowlegs, arthritis, injuries to tendons or ligaments such as sprains, tendonitis, and ACL tears.
early orthopedics treatments were on the battlefields of the Middle Ages, the injured were treated with bandages soaked in horses blood, which dried to form a stiff, if unsanitary, splint. Originally, the term orthopedics meant the correcting of musculoskeletal deformities in children. The materials used in orthopedic products include metals and metal alloys, biostable plastics, bioabsorbable polymers/ceramics, bioceramics, collagen, and extracellular matrices. The most recent advances in this medical specialty is, General practice, Pediatrics, Radiology, Ophthalmology, Sports medicine and Rehabilitation, Oncology, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine.