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The nativist Theory
Accessed on 02.12.2021

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The students guide to learning design and research
accessed on 02.12.2021

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Encyclopaedia of child behaviour and development  (2011)

(online) available at DOI; https;??doi.org/10.1007 accessed on 22.11.2021

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Fetal Development: Stages of growth
(online) available at my.cleveland.org accessed on 31.12.2021

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Dr. Jennifer F. Cross (2022) What does too much screen time to to children's brain (online) available at healthmatters.nyp.org accessed on 01.01.2022

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(online) available at Gov.uk (2021) accessed on 22.11.2021

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Period of Zygote - This begins when the egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube.

Period of Embryo - This is from 3 to 8 weeks after conception.  The umbilical cord joins embryo to the placenta.

Period of Fetus -  from 9 weeks after conception to birth, known as the fatal stage where the brain develops and the baby will add size and weight.

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What do we mean when we say Child/Children?

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What do we mean when we say Child/Children?

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"We use the term ‘children’ to refer to younger children who do not have he maturity and understanding to make important decisions for themselves"  gnc.uk.org p:1 (2021) .

A human below the age of 18 years old

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Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development
(online) available at simplypsychology.org accessed on 15.12.2021

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Culture is the way of life.  its the way we behave, our beliefs, religions, rituals and arts.

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Firstcry parenting (2020) Impact of Social Media on Children (online) parenting.firstcry.com accessed on 01.01.2022

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(online) available at gnc.uk.org p:1 (2021) .  accessed on 15.12.2021

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When we say the word child we think of a young person between birth and puberty.  A boy or Girl .  Someone's son or daughter, any child regardless of there colour, religious beliefs, gender or disabilities.

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When we say the word child we think of a young person between birth and puberty.  A boy or Girl .  Someone's son or daughter, any child regardless of there colour, religious beliefs, gender or disabilities.

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When i think of the term child my thoughts go to my own children and how i love and protect them at all cost and what my role as a parent is or any role as an adult is for looking after someone under the age of 18.

A ‘person with parental responsibility’ means someone with the rights and responsibilities that parents have in law for their child, including the right to consent to medical treatment for them, up to the age of 18 years in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and up to 16 years in Scotland.
gmc.uk.org (2021)

That parental responsibility means protecting that child from, abuse, neglect, hurt , violence . Giving that child, love, protection , food nutrition , guidance everything a child needs to ensure they are protected and loved in this world

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(online) available at www.globallisteningcentre.org accessed on 02.12.2021

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Postnatal is the period straight after the baby is born

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when putting Paget's theory in to practice we should

New ideas and knowledge should be presented at a level and style consistent with the child's current mode or thought.

Teach the individual child what they require for there needs, present them with experiences or situations to trigger those needs.

Children need to experiment and experience things you would in the real world so they can develop.

Children need to have control over there own learning , they need to find out things for themselves.

Children require play - unerupted periods of play  and exploration.

observe children this will result in the practitioner having more of an understanding of what that child's needs are if that child's needs are being met or if that child requires support.

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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

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Month 1- The fetus is about quarter of an inch long its smaller then a grain of rice.   Heart as begun beating

Month 2 -  Embryo is about one inch long , head is larger then the rest of the body.  starting to form webs for feet and hands.  About the six week mark the heart beat can usually be detected but is not advised of the healthcare providers till the eight week mark.

Month 3 - After the eight week healthcare providers refer to it as a fetus and not a embryo. This is when all new mums will go for there first scan to see the baby and to ensure the baby has a heartbeat.   All organs and muscle have formed and are beginning to function.  The fetus starts to explore by doing things like opening and closing its fits and mouth.  Not able to confirm gender as of yet,

Month 4- Heartbeat can be heard clearly.  The reproductive organs and genitalia are fully formed and the healthcare providers can now see if the baby is a boy or girl.  Should be able to feel your baby kick.
By the end of the fourth month the baby is about 6 inches long.

Month 5 - A protective coating called Vernix Caseosa forms on the baby's skin. The fetus is now about 8/10 inches long.
May start to feel the fetus moving around at this stage in the pregnancy.

Month 6 - At this stage if you talk or sing the baby can hear you.  fetus looks reddish in colour, its wrinkled and the veins are visible.  If born prematurely, the baby may survive after the twenty three week stage in intensive care.

Month 7 - Baby's body is well formed.  Hearing is fully developed
Usually around 10/14 inches long.
If the baby was born in the seventh month they would likely to survive with the correct care.

Month 8- Layers of fat are piling on the baby will be about 18 inches long and weigh between 4 to 6 pounds.  Fetus can see and hear at this stage.
Babys head will start to move into position.

Month 9 - Wont be much room for the baby to move around as the fetus is about 19/22 inches long and weighing between 5 to 9 pounds.
The baby's eyes can blink and open , head can turn and they can respond to lights , sound and touch.
Could give birth at any time.
clinic (2021)

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This padlet will cover a wide range of early childhood developments the approaches to childhood development and how childhood has changed over the years.  

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This padlet will cover a wide range of early childhood developments the approaches to childhood development and how childhood has changed over the years.  

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Vygotsy theory in practice

Learning is a social process in which the support of parents, care givers, peers, and the wider society play a crucial role in the child's development

As the children become social they begin to learn

A childs language becomes there tool for intellectual growth

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Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development in Social Relationships

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Childhood as its perceived today should be free from abuse, they should feel safe and free from violence and exploitation. They should be children and be allowed to play they also have a right to be enrolled into school.  Childhood is a very precious and very important time in a the child's life.  Today we do not allow are children to work not like they did in the historical times in them times it was very common for children to work , they worked long hours in poor conditions working as hard as an adult would this was until 1833 when the factory act was passed this made it illegal for textiles, factories to employ children less then 9 years of age   

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Childhood as its perceived today should be free from abuse, they should feel safe and free from violence and exploitation. They should be children and be allowed to play they also have a right to be enrolled into school.  Childhood is a very precious and very important time in a the child's life.  Today we do not allow are children to work not like they did in the historical times in them times it was very common for children to work , they worked long hours in poor conditions working as hard as an adult would this was until 1833 when the factory act was passed this made it illegal for textiles, factories to employ children less then 9 years of age   

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Before childhood existed children where sent to work they worked in mines and in factories by the age of seven in historical times children where classed as adults.  This once until Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) came along and invented the kindergarten.
"Froebel opened his first kindergarten in 1840 at Blankenburg, Germany. Until this time there had been no education for children under seven years of age, nor recognition that young children were capable of learning social and intellectual skills that might serve as a foundation for their whole life" LeBlanc (2012).

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Froebel believed in education and the importance of education to every child.  His careful observation of children's development concluded that early years education is beneficial for them to develop later on in their lives education.
He believed in the  teacher and child learning like what we do in this day and age all children from the age of Three are all educated for free he believed the teacher was a nurturer and all children where individual and should be respected and nurtured.

He would give out educational gifts to each child's innate needs these gifts children would play with and this would be a part of there learning they would build on there knowledge and skills.

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our children today free from working enjoying there education

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our children today free from working enjoying there education

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Differences between Paiget and Vygotsky 

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Differences between Paiget and Vygotsky 

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Although Paiget and Vygotsky theory's are similar the fundamental difference between the two is that Piaget believes that the child learns for themselves threw personal experiences and self discovery where as Vygotsky believes children learn threw social interactions in a social environment

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There are defiantly pros and cons to technology and its a subject that many people including myself have mixed views on.
The cons to Technology is that children no longer know what's going on in the outside world they are no longer playing with there friends outside as they can now speak to them over a head set so they have no need to go out.  They lack social interaction which is not good for them.
Technology can be addictive and can prevent a persons daily routine as all there doing is messing on there phone " The average smartphone owner checks their phone almost 100 times throughout the day" Vittana.org p:1 (2021)

The pros is that children with a disability will use technology to help with communicating and without this will really struggle in there day to day life.
Also technology is beneficial in schools it can really help with children's learning it can make learning more fun for kids.

From a personal point of view and having my own children I would say technology in moderation is fine us as family do use are technology to help with homework, work in general and other activity's i do allow my children to go on the xbox and iPad but i do only allow this for a certain amount of time am a mother who agrees with children playing and playing with there toys.

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Religious

Ethnic background

different values

different beliefs

There are so many benefits to understanding all the different cultures in the world, this world is fast becoming becoming a multicultural environment and this will only promote co existence.

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Sensory Delay
Autism - Social Awkward
Tired
Hungry
Not interested
Illness
Speech and Language
Hard hearing

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Environment - weather, lay out of activity's
Cleanliness
Resources
Home life
Poverty
Enabling Environment
Practitioners - Under trained, under qualified, not enough time

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When working with children we need to take into a count of internal factors and external factors as practitioners its very important to be aware of these , this will help your job role massively.  We need to be observing children whilst in play this will let us know if that child has any needs we can help with or even solve for example , Does a child seem very distracted? does he or she lack energy? could it be that that child has skipped breakfast that morning if we establish this we can then give that child a snack this would make a massive difference to them they would no longer be distracted.
Did that child just not have a good nites sleep? we could then read a book with them give them some quite time or are they worried or upset about something we could have a talk to them or chat to there parents its all about problem solving, many issues can be solved simple its about observing and dealing with them as soon as we can.
Take in to account the environment, choose the correct activity in the correct environment.

For example if the weather is to wet, windy slippery do indoor activity's this will prevent that child getting grumpy because they are cold, wet or prevent a accident.

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Factors That Influence the Growth and Development of a Child

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Please see my above short video that I've found on YouTube November 2021 detailing internal and external factors i hope you enjoy watching.

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There are two physical developments these are-

Fine motor Skills - using your hands , using the small muscle of the hands to do activities such as using a pencil , scissors constructing lego or building blocks .

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Example of fine motor skill, a young child using there hand and fingers to control the crayon allow them to be able to draw, colour write.

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using your whole body in movement being able to walk, run, throw a ball kick a ball we use gross motor skills for all sorts of physical activities.

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Example of a gross motor skill a child using there whole body to kick a ball. He moves his legs and arms to kick the ball

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Harmful substances that could prevent the fetus from developing properly?

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Harmful substances that could prevent the fetus from developing properly?

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Alcohol use when pregnant increases the risk of miscarriages can seriously affect the development.
If the mother is dependant on alcohol this could cause what is called fetal alcohol syndrome and this could affect the babies,  joints, limbs , cause physical growth, vision difficulties and hearing problems and you may notice distinctive facial features.

Drug use when pregnant also increases the risk of miscarriages, early labour or a still born baby.
development problems
can cause birth defects
Could cause cognitive and behavioural problems for that child when born .
regular use of drugs can cause neonatal (NAS) in which the baby when born will go through a withdrawal for them drugs and it will be very discomforting for the baby and he or she with be in a lot of pain.

Cigarettes use when pregnant can restrict the essential oxygen supply to your baby.
every cigarette contains 4,000 chemicals so we can only imagine how harmful that could be to the fetus.
can cause heart defects and problems with the structure of the heart .
Can cause baby to be born to early.
low birth weight , development delays or miscarriage.

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The importance of Early Emotional Bonds
Accessed on 10.12.2021

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Dr. Serhat Kurt Lev Vygotky - Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development (online) available at educationaltechnology.net accessed on 03.01.2022

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His life and influence on education (online) available at communityplaythings.co.uk accessed on 02.12.2021

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Childs experiences
Expressions
Management of Emotions
Positive and rewarding relationships with others

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parent, practitioner relationship will only benefit that child.

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Theorist John Bowlby proposed that for the best results to a child development early attachment is vital and that the parent or care giver is the most important person to that child.  He believed attachments influenced the child to form trusting relationships throughout there life.

"He was commissioned by the health organisation (WHO) to study the mental health needs to homeless and orphaned children"  Pound. P:59 (2014)

He studied how children bond with there caregiver and the reaction when that care giver is separated from that child and believed that when separated this caused that child stress he called it Attachment Theory.

"He suggested that attachment also serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chance of survival" Cherry P:1 (2019)

He may of thought this due to he's own upbringing he was one of six children and spent much of his early life in the care of his nanny and then after went on to go on to boarding school so you could argue that because of his on feelings and he's lack of attachment to his own mother he's brought his own feeling into his Theory.

However Rudolph and Perggy Emerson disagreed with John Bowlbys theory of attachment and studied 60 infants , the infants were observed every four week during the first year of there life and then once again at 18 months and found at

Birth to 3 months- children showed no particular attachment to any specific caregiver  and it was only when the infant cried or showed any other movement it was the caregiver fussing over the infant.

Between 6 weeks of age to 7 months- the child develops a trust with that care giver knowing they will respond to there needs while still showing an interest to other adults around them.
They are aware of familiar faces and respond more positively to the caregiver.

& weeks to 11 Months- Children begin to show a strong preference to that specific care giver and get upset when they are separated and be upset by strangers who they are not familiar with.

After 9 months-  Children will form a very strong bond with there care giver and others in there family.

I totally different view from what John Bowlby believes he says by the birth stage that infant would of already got a strong bond .

My view is that i mainly agree with Researcher's Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson as we live in a world where unfortunately the child may get taken from there mother and father and believe this wouldn't affect them later in life as long as that was before the 9 month old stage anything after this stage they wouldn't be to much affected but may get more difficult the older they get as they do start to form bonds.   I believe new bonds can be formed with care givers ensuring the best for that child.

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All baby's when born have certain needs these need are:

Food
Sleep
Held (being held by a parent or care giver)
Clothing
Security (Blanket, stuffed animal)
Stimulation

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How children learn Linda Pound (2014)
Accessed on 10.12,2021

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and all changes became Law in September 2021 all early years providers must all use the same framework .

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The EYFS Statutory Framework has been changed and made to improve outcomes at the age of five particularly in early language and literacy.

It has also been improved to reduce paper work so the practitioners can spend more time with the children in there care.
It has also been made simpler and easier to read and understand and it contains examples of things that you can do with the children

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Photo taking from class research 11th November 2021

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Photo taking from class research 11th November 2021

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Photo taking from class research 11th November 2021

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Photo taking from class research 11th November 2021

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Both photos taking above from 21st Ocotber2021

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Both photos taking above from 21st Ocotber2021

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As a whole class we researched how the EYFS has developed physically and how learning has been developed and found that .

Physical development will be strengthened and more focus will be put into the development of the child from birth to reception focusing on there gross and fine motor skills .

More attention will be given to Literacy from pre reception age and it will link to language comprehension and later to reading and writing.  Start them of younger allowing them to develop there literacy more easier and quicker.

Develop a child's movement handling of objects .

Understanding of there own body, health and self care.

Maths encouraging a positive attitude towards maths.

understanding the world , examples of ways children can make sense of there world around them like parks , libraries , museums .

understanding the important people in our society like, nurses, doctors, police, firefighters.

Provide opportunities for children to show of there creative side and engage them to engage in arts and design.

There is now more depth and they are now examples in the seven areas of learning and development.  (communication and language, personal, social and emotional development, literacy, mathematics, understanding of the world, expressive arts and design)

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From this research in class we have found that

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From this research in class we have found that

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John Bowlby was influenced by the work of Konrad Lorenz john Bowlby theory was that early attachment is vital and that a parent or care giver is the most important person in a child's life he called it the attachment theory.

"theory of attachment argues that a child's emotional bond to their familiar caregiver is a biological response that ensures survival.  Bowlby believed that the quality of attachment influences the child's capacity to form trusting relationships throughout life" Pound. P:59. (2014).

He would argue that children are already pre-programmed to form attachments and that the fear of strangers represents an important survival mechanism with in that child.

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Stress
mothers age to young or to old
not enough or adequate amount of food, protein, vitamins, minerals and sleep

All these can play a factor how the child will development.

For the best chance a baby will have to develop in the womb and to increase a healthy pregnancy its best to
eat healthy foods
take iron supplements or choose foods high in iron
avoid certain foods like pate certain cheese harmful to your unborn child
take folic acid
attend all pre natal check ups
show and express if you have any concerns
stay hydrated
stay mobile gentle exercise as in walking is fine
get a good nights sleep
Avoid Alcohol, drugs cigarettes  and anything else that may affect the growth and development of the baby
Cleveland Clinic (2021)

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will look at Pre natal and post natal development , internal and external factors and development approaches.

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the importance of
Food
Sleep
Being held
Clothing
Security
Stimulation

All these play a massive part in the growth and development of a child

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The first four weeks of a baby's life.
The new-born stage

The first weeks where the bonding starts between mother and child .
the risk of infections are higher
feeding patterns are emerged
any birth defects are noted
head fontanels this is the soft part of the head and this needs to be delicately shampooed when washing the new born.

Baby relies on care giver for food, cuddles, clothing, security.

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1 month to 2 years-

crawling
Walking
Physical development such as fine motor skills this will include holding a spoon or folk, holding a ball and gross motor skills this would be head control, sitting, crawling and walking.

Oral hygiene, learning to brush there teeth.

Child is still very reliant on there care giver to provide love, support, food, comfort, sleep, security, clean cloths, clean hygiene, stimulation.

Reliant on there care giver to ensure they are protected from any harm.

When the child becomes a toddler they will show signs of playing with others , playing on there own

Development milestones - crawling for the first time, walking for the first time, playing with others each child will go throw all different milestones in this time period a first for all and a proud moment in there life and an exciting moment for there care givers

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2 years to Adolescence

Toddler stage - still very reliant on there care giver to feed, cloth, wash , stimulate , give them security protect them from anything bad ensure no harm comes to them.

expect to see social and emotional changes.  Physical growth and motor skills.   Learning to walk.

Preschool- by the age of four most children can run, climb, climb up and down stairs or steps at parks.
They have development the skill to hold a pencil or crayon and able to draw or scribble.
Most preschool children are toilet trained and they can say simple words and sentences.

By the age of five most children can talk full sentences and carry out conversations , they can recognize numbers and letters.
They can kick a ball and will play nice with others

by the age of six , most children lose there baby teeth to get ready for the big ones.
They are starting to do more reading and writing.
Are forming good friendship groups

six plus - as the children continue to grow they continue to carry on with there skills and gain more knowledge , they develop more in their emotional, social , physical , mental skills

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How children Learn Linda Pound (2014)
Accessed on 15.12.2021

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Rudolph Shaffer and Peggy Emerson however disagreed with John Bowlbys theory they believed attachment develops through a series of stages.

They both studied 60 babies at monthly intervals for the first 18 months of there life  They were all visited in there own homes monthly.

They where all analysed to see when the children started to show any signs of separation anxiety.

From there findings they established that attachments were more likely to form with any caregiver who was sensitive to the baby's signals rather then the person who spent the most time with.

This meaning the baby would know who was more likely to pick them up if they made a cry like noise.  But by 10 months old the baby's showed signs of attachments to there caregivers, siblings and any family around them.

"in their view, infants and young children seek out and find comfort in being physically close to people with whom they have formed attachments" Cornelius-White (2011)

These findings where the opposite to John Bowlby's theory he believed attachment was formed with one person straight away

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Postnatal environmental factors that may effect growth are?

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Postnatal environmental factors that may effect growth are?

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Disease
socioeconomic status
climate
deprived (lack of nutrition, lack of physical activity)

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Health and safety at work act 1974           

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Health and safety at work act 1974           

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Every childcare setting must ensure that children are not at any risk, any risk of danger, accidents or any harm or injury and the employers and employees should take responsibility to ensure there own safety and the safety of others in there premises and ensure they are safe from any harm, risk or danger.

Risk assessments should be in place for - security of the building, fire safety and fire exits , food safety, nappy changing, outings, personal safety , any equipment.

All policies should be in place for medication, sickness, fire evacuation.

Qualified first aider

fire extinguishers and blankets should be round the whole premises.

Fire extinguishers and regular fire drills.  Testing of fire alarms, contact information for local fire brigade.

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" key Principle of the 1989 Act is that children are best looked after within their families, with their parents playing a full part in their lives, unless compulsory innervation in family life is necessary" gov.uk (2021)

Local authority's to provide support and services that will support children and their families.

Every child should be protected from abuse and exploitation.

child's welfare is wants important when decision making.

The child's wishes and opinion's should be taking in to account.

Parents to be encouraged to take responsibilities for there own child's welfare.

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In early years settings all safeguarding polices and procedures should be put in place to ensure that every child has a right to equal protection from harm regardless of there background, their beliefs, race, sex, disability, age or religion.

What is safeguarding?

" Safeguarding is the action  that is taken to promote the welfare of children and protect them from harm" NSPCC (2021)

Safeguarding means?

Safeguarding is put in place to prevent any child from being abused or maltreated, to prevent any harm to there health and development and to ensure they grow up in a safe, loving effective environment.

Practitioners should be trained to take any action needed to ensure all children are safe and that they have the best outcome.

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A unique child. Every child is unique

Positive relationships

Enabling Environment

Learning and development

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this padlet will look at the (DFE 2021) and the legislation that covers being in an early years setting.

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In order to creative play you need to know what play and creativity is.

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In order to creative play you need to know what play and creativity is.

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Creativity is a choice its about exploring activities being unique and individual.

Creative play doesn't have to be specific it doesn't have to have a outcome or result.  The end results can be anything your child creates.

It may seem children often have to be entertained but this is not always the case if you give them the right setting, a designated space and time they will figure out what to do on their own they will create there own play.

Children can use anything you have to create play they will also use there imagination and there own fun to be creative.

For practitioners its important they know the importance of observing play.  Overserving play will give that practitioner a better understanding of that said child, that child's needs , there physical development, there social relationships, the environment and the emotional wellbeing.

Froebel once said "Play is the highest expression of human development in childhood, for it alone is the free expression of what is in a child's soul" LeBlanc (2012)

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Parraell Play - Any activity they observe or they may play side by side, children will pay attention to each other.

Solitary Play - Independent on there own, children will not seem to notice other children.

Onlooker Play - Observing what others are doing. Watching and may ask questions

Unoccupied Play - No end product and no clear purpose

Co-Operative Play - Working together for example building bricks together.

Associated Play - Playing with each other but not identical. Similar goals but no set results for example both doing the same picture but making it there own.

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Everything we do regarding play is from the EYFS and practitioners must respond to each child's needs, interest to help guild them with their development.

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This looks at the important contributions that society will have on individual development.

It seeks to understand humans behaviour and why they behaviour the way they do.

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Empiricism:  Knowledge comes only or primary from sensory experiences.
"First they develop accounts of how experience alone, sense experience, reflective experience or a combination of the two provides the information that rationalist cite, insofar as we have it in the first place. Second, while empiricists attack the rationalists accounts of how reason is a primary source of concepts or knowledge, they show that reflective understanding can and usually does supply some missing links. Famously Locke believed that our idea of substance, in general, is a composite idea, incorporating elements derived from both sensation and reflection" Stanford (2004)

Nativism:  Abilities develop independent of the environment.
"Human abilities and developmental processes are innate and hardwired at birth.  These theories inform beliefs about developmental processes most closely associated with initial language acquisitions"  Chomsky (1965)

As we look into this theory we could argue against this view and say that the people around the children could have an impact on there ability to learn and develop.  " researchers have discovered that parents don't react the same way to children's grammatically incorrect and correct utterances.  This shapes the behaviour of the child and therefore challenges the notion that language is innate".  Xavier (2020)

Behaviourism:  Any action ( including acting, thinking and feeling) is a response/behaviour.
Skinner (1938) believed that " all language was learned by reward- for example, when the baby says 'da-da-da' we praise them, but we don't reinforce sounds that we don't recognise or link to other words".
this view is the complete opposite to Chomsky's and if I had to agree with one of the theorist I would choose skinners theory  I believe positive rewards when doing something right can only lead to positive development of a child.
Children are individual and will learn at different stages they wont be hard wired at birth.

Constructivism: Construct new knowledge from experiences and environment, tested against prior knowledge.
Jean Piaget (1971)  " His theories indicate that humans create knowledge through the interaction between their experiences and ideas.  The environment of the classroom should be supportive of each individual learners thinking and encourage a constant challenge" Brau (2018)

Piagets four stages-

Sensorimotor - Birth to 18-24 months - Children learn threw there senses, moving around and exploring.

Preoperational - 2 years to 7 years old- Toddler stage to young child stage.  At this stage children can think for themselves , non living objects become important to them.  " A child's thinking is dominated by how the world looks, not how the world is" McLeod (2020)

Concrete Operational - 7 years to 11 years- Children begin to think about others around them and how they feel,  they start to think more logical and they start to become there own character.

Formal Operational - 12 years and over - they can deal with problems to a certain degree and resolve them or come up with a solution, no longer needed to think they can just do simple of tasks.

Children will make there own knowledge threw there own experiences and this will be done in stages.  Children

Social Constructivism:  Extends constructivism into social settings- certain phenomena develop in particular social contexts.
"Social Constructivism is a social learning theory developed by Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, posits that individuals are active participants in the creation of their own knowledge  (Schreiber & Valle, 2013).  Vygotsky believed that learning takes place primarily in social and cultural settings, rather then solely within the individual" Davis, Smits (2017).

For example students will learn through interacting with their peers, teachers and parents.  Where as teachers will get a better teaching and learning outcome in there class by interpersonal interaction and discussion focusing on what the students understand and once the students are able to master the teaching they will be able to work independently.  Vygotsky theory "believes the instructor plays an integral role in the students' acquisition of knowledge, rather then serving as a passive figure" Davis, Smits (2017).

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Pre Natal -
Substance abuse
maternal age
disability of parent
genetics
illness and disease
diet and nutrition
stress
drugs

Post Natal -
disabilities
language
mental health
self esteem
basic needs
allergies
grief
language barriers
drugs

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income , poverty
parenting styles
single parents
exercise
peer abuse , any abuse
pre and post natal depression
environment
death
drugs
transitions
adult influences
divorce
screen time
diet
hormones
chronic maternal  illness
infections
disease
nutrition
pollution
infectors disease
genetic problems
utero placental
alcohol
smoking
childcare
community
parents behaviours
SEN
parents work - to stressed
economy - resources
money, funding
government policy
social class
NHS - access to this service

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Michelle L. Davis and Jasper A.j. Smits (2017)

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Michelle L. Davis and Jasper A.j. Smits (2017)

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The Science of cognitive behavioural Therapy
(online) available at sciencedirect.com accessed on 31.12.2021

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Janet Mannheimer Zydney (2012) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (online) available at link.springer.com accessed on 03.01.2022

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Unpacking your learning target (online) available at books.google.co.uk accessed on 04.01.2022

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How children Learn.
Linda Pound (2014)
Acessed on the 08.12,2021

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Society (2021) The Society Law (online) available at lawsocity.org.uk accessed on 31.12.2021

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Stanford (2004)
Rationalism vs Empiricism (online) available at www.plato.stanford.edu.co.uk accessed on 31.12.2021

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Restless Stories (2011) Effects of poverty on society, Health, Children and violence (online) available at restlessstories.com accessed on 02.01.2022

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(online) Available at nspcc.org.uk (2021) accessed on the 15.12.2021

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One culture teaches children to play with toys and the other culture will be encourage the child to play outside. Children will adapt to what they re brought up around each child will have different cultures depending on how they are brought up.

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Society is a group of people who interact with the world.

Could be a group of people who share the same cultural beliefs.

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Please see my short video about society.  

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Please see my short video about society.  

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Working within the community benefits every one.
Looking out for those around you is what will make a society work the best.

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Law Society
Is a group of lawyers that all work together, all going by the same morals, regulations, rules, orders, acts, justice and righteous from the view point of the society.
"the law society id the independent professional body for solicitors.  They are the voice of solicitors, driving excellence in the profession safeguarding the rule of law".  Society (2021)

Catholic Society
Community of Christian people all going by the same beliefs, they are an association all belonging to a church.  Different churches all based all across the world attended by Christian people all reading, gaining knowledge from the same Bible on how God would like them to live their lives.

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How does Culture and Society effect upon a child's Development?

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How does Culture and Society effect upon a child's Development?

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Parents influence on a child development
Parents will raise their children with the same cultural values they believe in and in doing so this then can make a child's behave in a certain way one example of that would be "children whose parents have disciplined them to value cooperation over competition might become confused, upset anxious when a teacher urges them to be competitive".  University  (2021)
Another example would be children who are home schooled
may lack social skills and may not be able to interact as good as say children who attend main stream school.

Environmental influences on Child Development.
This can include influences from a community or culture.  Children from low income community's  can be exposed to more polluted environment's as these children may life near factories or highways the "National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) reports that low income communities may have poor infrastructure, making them more vulnerable to natural disasters, such as contaminated water and damaged drainage system".  University (2021)

The effects on society as a whole
"Poverty is a major cause of social tension and threatens to divide a nation because of the issue of inequalities, in particular income inequality".  This happens when money is not fairly shared out and a small minority has all the money.
Tension among society can cause, riots, clashes, stands and strikes.  Stories (2011)

Media influences on Child Development and what Society puts out there.
This includes, movies, TV shows, video games, YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and many more.  Children's exposure to watching violent media can result in aggressive behaviour children learn by what they see.
Another example is that of exposure to unhealthy products can lead children to what these products resulting in obesity, health issues, dental problems, skin problems, lack of nutrition and many more issues.   To much screen time can lower brain development, "Early data from a Landmark National Institutes of Health (NIH) study that began in 2018 indicates that children who spent more then two hours a day on screen-time activities scored lower on language and thinking test, and some children with more than seven hours a day screen-time experienced thinning of the brain's cortex, the area of the brain related to critical thinking and reasoning". Cross (2022)
Children often are not aware that social media can be an addiction constantly checking news feeds on different sites and that society and what they put out there will have a massive affect on there life.  "experts think that some features as "likes" and "shares" activate the reward centre in the brain.  These features influence are mood and drives a lot of our behaviour on a day to day basis". firstcry (2020)

Carers and support teams in are Society that influence Child Development
Counsellor
Community Health Worker
School mentors
Social Worker
For example low income families may be supported by community Health Workers so they can access food banks, free childcare and local services.  Poor income families will often work together and be provided with more community services then say families from a privilege background.

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Maryville University (2021) Cultural influences on child Development (online) available at maryville.edu accessed on 31.12.2021

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YouTube learn with Byju's (online) available at youtube.co.uk accessed on 01.01.2022

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Lev Vygotsky the Theory of Sociocultural 

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Lev Vygotsky the Theory of Sociocultural 

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Vygotsky argued that children develop their learning through social interactions he suggested that the role of the adult is to support the child's learning, he also strongly believed that community played a crucial role of the social interaction of children's cognitive development, meaning how they think, explore and figure stuff out.  Learning for a child is a process of development working on children's language and social skills will then bring on and further other skills like reading and writing.
Teachers especially play a massive part in a child's development they have the ability to control educational settings, task, behaviours and responses.

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The process lev Vygotskys says that every child will go threw, the outer layer is the time children relay on there peers for help with every day task, task that are beyond there reach even with assistance.
The second layer is when the child can take on board what you are asking of them but can only achieve this with the support of their peers.
Then the third layer this is what the children can achieve by themselves with no help needed from there peers.

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"Vygotsky recognized that social settings and learning were closely connected and was important to note that the culture of each individual is created by their unique strengths, language and prior experience. Children will gain knowledge when they collaborate with their peers". Kurt (2020)

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Wood, Bruner and Ross where followers of Lev Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory and invented 'Scaffolding'.  Scaffolding is a system put in place following on from vygotskys zone of proximal development it was put in place for children. For all parents, care givers, teachers, tutors to provide support in learning, for children to be able to carry out tasks until the children no longer need there support and can carry out the task for themselves..

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Children are dependant on there peers they get the confidence, self worth and knowledge by looking up to parents, care givers, siblings, teachers, tutors and all who are around them.  For example in a classroom setting the teacher will start of in reception class and read out loud to all the children pronouncing all the words for them , sounding out letters making animal noises and as they develop and as time goes on the children will start to join in maybe shouting out a letter they see or animal they recognise, this will then develop to them reading in small groups reading short stories taking it in turns to read sentences and as they develop further they will be able to read by themselves to themselves.  The more the children practice and gain confidence they will become less dependant on there teacher all part of the scaffolding theory.
"Scaffolding provides a temporary structure or support to assist a learner in a task and can be gradually removed altogether once the learner can carry out the performance on his or her own" Pea (2004).

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this padlet will go into Socio-Cultural Perspective and how this affects society and how lev vygotsky, Wood, Bruner and Ross played a part in 'scaffolding'.