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Key takeaways:
Themes relating to broader topics:
Readings:

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Week 4 - Globalisation and Crimes of the Powerful

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Week 4 - Globalisation and Crimes of the Powerful

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Useful readings on the role of NGOs:

Connor, T & Haines, F 2013, ‘Networked regulation as a solution to human rights abuse in global supply chains? The case of trade union rights violations by Indonesian sports shoe manufacturers’, Theoretical Criminology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 197-214.

Kirsch, S 2014, ‘Introduction’, Mining Capitalism: The Relationship Between Corporations and their Critics, University of California Press, U.S.A, pp. 1-14.

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Week 2 - Organised Crime and Business Corruption

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Week 2 - Organised Crime and Business Corruption

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Key takeaways:
Themes relating to broader topics:
Readings:

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Week 3 - Corporate and White Collar Crime

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Week 3 - Corporate and White Collar Crime

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Key takeaways:
Themes relating to broader topics:
Readings:

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Key takeaways:
Themes relating to broader topics:
Readings:

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Harm embedded in benefits of business occurrences

Ambiguity of definition of harm

Regulator doesn't have jurisdiction to regulate ideal target (organisation or individual), also may not have access to best method to regulation (e.g. license revocation not possible if there is licences are not required in that industry)

Further jurisdictional issues (across countries etc)

Power of the the targets (theme of whole subject - those with power find it easier to avoid regulation)

Some regulators aim to prevent white-collar crime; others aim to use penalties to punish white-collar crime

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Week Ten (1 October – 5 October, 2018):

Topic: Crime and the Environment

Required Reading:

Elliott, L. 2012. “Fighting Transnational Environmental Crime.” Journal of International Affairs, 66:1: 87-104.

Recommended Reading:

Bisschop, L. 2012. “Is it all going to waste? Illegal transports of e-waste in a European trade hub.” Crime, Law and Social Change, 58:3: 221-249.

Buscher, B., & Fletcher, R. (2018). “Under Pressure: Conceptualising Political Ecologies of Green Wars”. Conservation and Society, 16:2:105-113. https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_18_1

Week Six (27 August – 31 August, 2018):

Topic: Industrial Disasters

Required Reading:

Woolfson, C. (2012). "Preventable Disasters in the Offshore Oil Industry: From Piper Alpha to Deepwater Horizon."  New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental & Occupational Health Policy 22(4): 497-524.

Recommended Reading:

Vaughan, D. (1999). "The dark side of organizations: Mistake, misconduct, and disaster." Annual Review of Sociology 25: 271-305.

Perrow, C. (2008). "Disasters Evermore? Reducing Our Vulnerabilities to Natural, Industrial, and Terrorist Disasters." Social Research 75(3): 733-752.

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Embeddedness of harm and benefits in capitalist system in normal business activities

Ambiguity: definitions of crime/law/legal system/definition of white collar crime and harm

Problem of jurisdiction over TNCs because of globalisation/ globalised production

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Corporations are a considered a person in their own right.

by law required to place interests of shareholders above all else - even at the expense of human life

outsource jobs in favour of self preservation

corporate crime vs corporate harm -> may not be criminal but still harmful

Readings:

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Week 11 - Controlling White Collar Crime 

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Week 11 - Controlling White Collar Crime 

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Key takeaways:

Previous weeks have been focussed on why white-collar crime occurs, this week is focussed on how to regulate and/or prevent white-collar crime

There are many difficulties that come with regulation

"Smart-regulation" and "meta-regulation"

Meta: "involves government ‘regulating at a distance’ by risk managing the risk management of individual enterprises " (Gunningham, 2011).

Smart:  "government should harness second and third parties (both commercial and non commercial) as surrogate regulators, thereby achieving not only better policy outcomes at less cost but also freeing up scarce regulatory resources, which can be redeployed in circumstances where only direct government intervention is available " (Gunningham, 2011)

Themes relating to broader topics:

ambiguity of white collar criminal law (Week 1 - Haines, 2017)

embeddedness of harms into regular business activity (Week 1 - Haines, 2017)

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Smart Regulation:

government should harness second and third parties (both commercial and non com- mercial) as surrogate regulators, thereby achieving not only better policy outcomes at less cost but also freeing up scarce regulatory resources, which can be redeployed in circumstances where only direct government intervention is available (Gunningham 2011, p. 199-200).

regulation and enforcement should be designed using a number of different instruments implemented by a number of parties. (Gunningham 2011, p. 200).

Meta-Regulation:
- The government regulating at a distance (Gunningham 2011, p. 200)
- Minimises the hands on role of the state
- Encourages enterprises to put in place their own internal controls and management (via systems, plans and risk management more generally). (Gunningham 2011, p. 200).

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Typologist: how to deal with ambiguity, define the types of white collar crime. Develop separate typologies to reduce ambiguity
Sociologist: structural interpretation of the problem  (vs. Agency)

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State has regulatory authority

How can business have it?

Self regulation

not through formal or legitimate ways

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Conflict of interest: Regulator and Regulatee

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Conflict of interest: Regulator and Regulatee

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the state

-       ensure employment

-       ensure profit

however, it must

-       ensure no harm has occurred to population and community

examples
auditors in financial fraud
> affiliated with busines
> Their role: check the accounts

> They're an independent regulator
> Hired by business – tend to hide accounts as they are a business entity too

> business interest prioritised over regulatory role – tied with the organisation or firms they are auditing

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Nature of the knowledge

Trust in the expert

Trust and discretion is required for the medical profession, this also makes it particularly vulnerable to exploitation

Medical profession is self-regulation

Tend to hide wrongdoing of peers so as to protect the profession