# data[].attributes.body
equals 3.81971863821

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Calculators online for finance, math, algebra, trigonometry, fractions, physics, statistics, technology, time and more. Use an online calculator for free, search or ...

# data[].attributes.body
If you're keeping track of the NFL relocation game in California, the Rams and Chargers are now in Los Angeles and the Raiders hope to be in Las Vegas one day soon.

Depending on your point of view, the comings and goings represent the best or worst of NFL business policy. Either way, it's created the largest disruption in league membership since a two-year period in the 1990s when the Rams, Raiders and Oilers moved to St. Louis, Oakland and Nashville (by way of Memphis), respectively.

Some facts about the Superdome you may not have known

The Mercedes-Benz Superdome, known as the Louisiana Superdome until 2011, turned 40 years old on MondayNew stadiums have been the catalyst for each move. In the NFL, new stadiums are like franchise quarterbacks: You either have one or you're desperately trying to get one.

The scoreboard in the recent game of franchise roulette reads: New stadiums 3, old markets 0.

Which brings us to the Superdome, our venerable stadium of 42 years, the iconic fortress of concrete and steel that has become an integral part of New Orleans skyline and history.

It's time for us to start thinking about the stadium's future.

After all, when the Rams, Chargers and Raiders move into their new facilities in a few years, it will leave the Superdome as the fifth-oldest stadium in the NFL. Only Soldier Field (1924), Lambeau Field (1957), Arrowhead Stadium (1972) and New Era Field (1973) are older.

Nothing needs to be done right now. Heaven knows the cash-strapped state has more pressing matters on its hands than professional sports. But it's time we start thinking about a long-term plan. And by "we" I mean all of us: state officials; city leaders; the Saints; and you and me, the taxpayers.

Because it's going to take a collective effort to get something done. And the sooner we start planning for the next phase the better.

These things take time. We're midway through the landmark 15-year lease agreement the Saints and state signed in 2010. It took three years for officials to hash out terms on the current deal, and the laborious bid and construction process could take another three years.

With New Orleans eyeing a bid for the 2023 Super Bowl and the end of the lease agreement looming in June 2025, it makes sense to begin thinking about the future for the stadium and its NFL tenant.

The good news is Saints and state officials already have started talking informally about the future, and both are on the same page. A new stadium is not part of the discussions.

"We are very happy at the Superdome," Saints president Dennis Lauscha said Friday. "As an organization, we are focused and dedicated to being here long-term, and we don't think there is a need or a desire for a new stadium at this time."

Indeed, a new stadium is a luxury item neither the state nor Saints can afford. It's simply not needed. (And in case you're wondering, NFL officials have let state and team officials know privately that the Superdome is more than adequate to host another Super Bowl, so that's not an issue.)

The Superdome has received $376 million in renovations since it was re-opened in 2006. Nearly every aspect of the stadium has been repaired and/or replaced, with the exception of its steel skeleton.

This is a notable difference to Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego and Oakland-Alemeda County Coliseum, neither of which had been upgraded in decades.

The going rate for a new stadium is an absurd $1.5 billion. A renovation of the Superdome, meanwhile, could be accomplished for roughly one-tenth that cost, said Doug Thornton, the vice president of stadiums for SMG, the company that manages the Superdome.

"No one believes we need a new stadium," Thornton said. "As long as we can keep making improvements to the facility, there's no reason why the Superdome cannot continue to keep the team competitive and be a viable facility for the foreseeable future."

State and Saints officials have begun informal discussions on the next phase, which could include, among other things, a reinvention of the main Poydras Street entryway, interior upgrades to the terrace level and potentially replacing some parts of the exterior roof and walls with ETFE glass to bring natural light into the stadium.

I want to emphasize that all of this is just talk at this stage. In the end, much of it could prove to be wishful thinking. But the good news is, everyone appears to be in agreement on what needs to be done and when.

"We have a great relationship with Gov. (John Bel) Edwards and certainly understand the state has higher priorities right now," Lauscha said. "(Saints owner Tom) Mr. Benson wants to do what's best for the state and everyone involved. At the same time, now is the time to start thinking about updating the master plan (at the Superdome), and internally we have started on that process."

The state has made its share of mistakes over the years, but the Superdome was not one of them. The stadium vaulted New Orleans into the big leagues and has generated billions of dollars in revenue for the state. Like a historic Uptown shotgun, the Superdome is a timeless classic, a totem of our national identity.

We don't need a new stadium. But we do need to start thinking about what we should do with our beloved old one.

# data[].attributes.body
81.90848551

# data[].attributes.body
228.0350850198276

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
New Orleans Saints NFL - Saints News, Scores, Stats, Rumors & More - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.body
saints won the super bowl in 2009.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Saints vs. Colts - Game Summary - February 7, 2010 - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.

# data[].attributes.body
saints lost

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Saints vs. Cowboys - Game Summary - November 29, 2018 - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Western Kentucky vs. Louisiana Tech - Game Summary - November 24, 2018 - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.

# data[].attributes.body
click on link to see da cool map

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.

# data[].attributes.body
noooooooooooooooooooooo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Texas A&M coach Jimbo Fisher said in a statement Monday night that he, along with LSU and the SEC, has reviewed video of and statements about the altercation following Saturday's seven overtime game and that "the matter has been addressed internally with my staff members, and we will continue to demand that our program conduct itself in a manner that meets the values and expectations of this great university."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
LSU Tigers College Football - LSU News, Scores, Stats, Rumors & More - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Texas A&M coach Jimbo Fisher said in a statement Monday night that he, along with LSU and the SEC, has reviewed video of and statements about the altercation following Saturday's seven overtime game and that "the matter has been addressed internally with my staff members, and we will continue to demand that our program conduct itself in a manner that meets the values and expectations of this great university."

# data[].attributes.body
if click link it will reload

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
8:00 AM ET

Mike TriplettESPN Staff Writer

Close

Covered Saints for eight years at New Orleans Times-Picayune

Previously covered LSU football, San Francisco 49ers

Iowa native and University of Iowa graduate

METAIRIE, La. -- New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees laughed when he was told that Dallas Cowboys coach Jason Garrett said he looks like he is 23 years old on the football field.

"I feel 25. I don't feel 23," cracked Brees, who turns 40 in January. "I mean, mind over matter, you know? You can't stop the aging process, but I think you can delay it a little bit."

Brees, whose 10-1 Saints play at Dallas (6-5) on Thursday (8:20 p.m. ET, Fox), has credited his performance to a combination of "wisdom, old age and treachery."

"Listen, I'm having fun playing the game, and I've got a definite routine. It takes a lot of time," Brees said. "Not just the time to prepare for the opponent, film work and studying the plan, practice time and all that, but the time it takes to recover and take care of your body and the maintenance and the weight room and all those things. But I've got a good routine.

"I like where I'm at, but I feel like there are still strides to be made."

It seems impossible, but Brees is having the best season of his career -- in his 18th year, at the age of 39.

He might be having the best season any quarterback has ever had at any age.

Consider:

His passer rating of 127.3 is on pace to be the best in NFL history, ahead of Aaron Rodgers' 122.5 from 2011.

His Total QBR of 87.3 is on pace to be the highest since ESPN began tracking the statistic in 2006, ahead of Tom Brady's 87.0 from 2007.

His completion percentage of 76.4 is on pace to shatter the NFL record of 72.0, which Brees set last season.

With 29 touchdown passes and two interceptions, Brees is on pace to have the second-best TD-to-interception ratio in NFL history, behind Rodgers, who is at 20-to-1 this season. Brady holds the full-season record with 28 TDs and two interceptions in 2016.

Brees has thrown TD passes to 13 players this season, tied for the NFL record with Matt Ryan in 2016. Brees became the first quarterback in the Super Bowl era to throw TD passes to four undrafted players in a game last Thursday.

Brees' fourth-quarter passer rating of 133.9 is on pace to be the second-best since at least 1991, behind only Russell Wilson's 134.1 in 2017, according to ESPN Stats & Information.

Brees' passer rating of 121.4 on third and fourth downs is the best in the NFL this season.

Brees' red zone passer rating of 117.7 is the best in the NFL this season.

Last but not least, with Brees at the helm, the 10-1 Saints have scored 37.2 points per game -- the fifth-most through a team's first 11 games in NFL history, according to the Elias Sports Bureau.

Brees is so locked in that Saints quarterbacks coach Joe Lombardi said it was "almost shocking" when he threw his second interception of the season during Thursday night's 31-17 win over the rival Atlanta Falcons.

"I was calling for pass interference," Lombardi said when asked for his reaction. "It can't be his fault."

If he keeps this up, Brees might finally win the first regular-season MVP award of his career after finishing second three times (2006, 2009 and 2011). Brees leads all NFL players in balloting for the Pro Bowl through Nov. 28.

But his teammates have been campaigning for an even bigger honor. Several of them have passionately insisted that Brees is the Greatest Of All Time.

"If you take all the GOATs from every arena, the GOATS of music, the GOATS of basketball, the GOATS of baseball, all the GOATs. ... He's the GOAT of GOATs," Saints linebacker Demario Davis said. "That's Drew Brees."

What's more striking about what Brees' teammates have said about him this season, however, is that so many of them use the exact same phrase: "You don't want to let him down."

First-year tight end Dan Arnold said that after catching his first career touchdown pass last Thursday. Rising star Michael Thomas has said it multiple times. Longtime Brees teammates Mark Ingram and Jermon Bushrod both said it this week.

They talk about Brees' relentless work ethic and the attention to detail he has in his 18th season and how he is there before they arrive at the practice facility in the morning and after they leave at night. They said that workhorse mentality rubs off on everyone in the locker room.

When asked if it surprises him that Brees could be having his best season in Year 18, Ingram said no.

"He's getting better with time," Ingram said. "You get better with experience. And he's had a lot of experience. And he's just thriving. He takes whoever it is around him, and he brings people with him. You don't want to let him down. You want to be where you're supposed to be because you want to make plays for him. You know if you're where you're supposed to be, he's gonna find you, he's gonna make the right plays, he's gonna make the right decision. ...

QB Drew Brees is now the NFL's all-time passing leader after surpassing Peyton Manning (71,940 yards) during Monday night's Redskins-Saints game.

* News: Saints QB breaks record on MNF
* Social: Favre, LeBron, others post congrats
* Timeline: Brees' journey to passing record
* Stories: 15 receivers reveal Brees' greatness
* Barnwell: What if Brees was never a Saint?

"He never gets complacent or feels like he's had success last week or last year, so it's gonna transfer over just because it's Drew Brees. Just the work ethic, the attention to detail, knowing the game plan, knowing what to do if it's man, knowing what to do if it's zone, knowing what to do if they're showing pressure, knowing where everyone's supposed to be. It's just an accumulation of things that he does that allows him to have success.

"He's just such a special individual ... All the records, all the success he's had is no coincidence."

Likewise, Saints backup Teddy Bridgewater said he has appreciated getting to watch Brees' approach as a young quarterback since he arrived via trade in late August.

"When you post a picture of who you want to be like in the NFL as a quarterback, I think Drew is sitting right there," Bridgewater said, referring to both Brees' daily routine and his command on the field. "For me as a young guy, man, he's setting a prime example of what it takes to be a good quarterback in this league."

Bridgewater also called Brees a "completion junkie -- in a good way."

"It looks like he's playing pitch and catch in the backyard with one of his family members," Bridgewater said. "He's a guy who knows this offense in and out. He knows where his guys are gonna be if he gets into trouble. He knows his outlets. He's not gonna force anything. He's a guy who's patient. ... And he has his offense rolling like a well-oiled machine."

"It's a sight to see."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
At age 39, Saints' Drew Brees having a season for the ages

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
8:00 AM ET Mike TriplettESPN Staff Writer Close Covered Saints for eight years at New Orleans Times-Picayune Previously covered LSU football, San Francisco 49ers Iowa native and University of Iowa graduate METAIRIE, La. -- New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees laughed when he was told that Dallas Cowboys coach Jason Garrett said he looks like he is 23 years old on the football field.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Creole, Cajun, the list could go on forever. Gumbo. Locals would argue that gumbo is almost its own food group. Crawfish Etouffee. One of the best reasons to visit New Orleans is Crawfish Ettouffee. Jambalaya. Red Beans and Rice. Muffulettas. Beignets. Po-Boys. Bananas Foster.

# data[].attributes.body
hi!

# data[].attributes.headline
the saints are number 1 rushing defense.

# data[].attributes.subject
the saints are number 1 rushing defense.

# data[].attributes.body
can they cool of Ezekiel Elliot/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Nov 26, 2018

Mike TriplettESPN Staff Writer

Close

Covered Saints for eight years at New Orleans Times-Picayune

Previously covered LSU football, San Francisco 49ers

Iowa native and University of Iowa graduate

METAIRIE, La. -- Something's gotta give on Thursday night in Dallas.

The Cowboys' Ezekiel Elliott has been the hottest running back in the NFL over the past three weeks, with 394 rushing yards, 531 yards from scrimmage and four touchdowns.

But the New Orleans Saints have had the NFL's most stifling run defense all season, allowing just 73.2 yards per game. No running back has run for 70 against them.

Last Thursday night, Atlanta Falcons running backs Tevin Coleman and Ito Smith combined for just 6 yards on 12 carries.

"When you can hold a team to 1.6 [yards] a carry, they may as well not even try to run the ball anymore," Saints defensive tackle Sheldon Rankins said of Atlanta's average yards per rush, which was boosted by quarterback Matt Ryan 's two scrambles for 16 yards.

"Playing this game, if you can impose your will on someone by basically being able to tell them they're not gonna run the ball and 'there's nothing you can do about it,' it does a lot for your mentality," Rankins said.

So when, exactly, did the Saints start having a run defense that could impose its will like this?

The Saints haven't finished a season higher than 10th in the NFL in run defense since 1992, when the famed "Dome Patrol" sent four linebackers to the Pro Bowl.

And run defense has not been their signature during the Sean Payton- Drew Brees era. Even during their 2009 Super Bowl season, they ranked 21st. Last season they ranked 16th with many of the same players and the same defensive coordinator, Dennis Allen.

"Generally if you're playing good run defense, it's all 11, getting everyone to the football," Payton said. "Generally that means everyone's tackling. It can't just mean eight or 10, and I think that's been the case."

That's a simple and generic explanation, but also accurate. The Saints haven't made any drastic scheme changes, and it's not like they're stacking eight and nine men in the box to sell out against the run.

They're mostly getting elevated play throughout the front seven -- from guys such as Rankins, who is having his best season in Year 3, All-Pro defensive end Cameron Jordan and veteran linebacker Demario Davis, who has proved to be an outstanding free-agent signing, among others.

"It's something we've harped on since the offseason. It's something we've obviously taken the time to try to perfect. And it's something we want," Rankins explained. "It's something that was a goal at the beginning of this season to be the No. 1 rush defense -- and we're well on our way. But it's another challenge this week with the Cowboys' run game ... 130-some yards per game, at [their] home. So it'll be fun."

Rankins noted the defensive line's development in Year 2 under defensive line coach Ryan Nielsen. And the linebacking corps has undergone even more of a transformation in its second year under veteran coach Mike Nolan.

Not only is Davis a newcomer, but second-year pro Alex Anzalone played in only four games last season before suffering a season-ending shoulder injury. And veterans A.J. Klein and Manti Te'o arrived as free agents in 2017.

The Saints' coaching staff made a surprising decision to move Anzalone inside to middle linebacker this season, even though he began his career on the weak side. And they moved Davis to the weak side after he spent most of his career in the middle.

Coaches and players have downplayed those moves, saying the positions are similar and both require versatility. Still, they've obviously found an effective way to make all the pieces fit. Klein starts on the strong side and plays most often with Davis in New Orleans' two-linebacker sets.

The Saints actually have five players who have started in the NFL as the signal-calling middle linebackers, including versatile backup Craig Robertson.

Everything you need this week:
* Scores, highlights and more "
* Full schedule " | Full standings "
* Weekly stats leaders "
* Updated playoff picture "
* Injuries tracker: Who's in, out "
More NFL coverage "

"It's a room of alpha males and alpha lions," said Davis, a 6-foot-2, 248-pounder who leads the Saints with 76 tackles after leading the New York Jets with 135 last season. "I always thought of myself as more of a hybrid player. I feel like I can play on the edge. I feel like I can play in the middle and get everybody lined up. And I feel like I can play on the outside and play in space guarding running backs and tight ends.

"I told the coaches when I first got here, whatever you need me to do, I'll do it."

That he has. Davis said he has spent more time covering tight ends and backs this year than usual, while also blitzing at times. He ranks third on the team with nine tackles for loss, is tied for third with eight quarterback hits and has three sacks and two forced fumbles.

"Obviously Demario is great against the run. He's everything you look for in a linebacker," Klein said. "He's able to cover in space, play the run, play the pass. I mean, he's a complete player. So obviously he's added a lot to our defense, and he's added a lot to our versatility."

The Saints will need all the versatility they can muster against the 6-foot, 228-pound Elliott, who is looking as good as ever in recent weeks.

The Saints held up well against the likes of Todd Gurley (13 carries for 68 yards and a TD, six receptions for 11 yards) and Saquon Barkley (10-44 and a TD, 6-56). But Elliott provides a similar challenge.

"You wouldn't think a guy that runs that powerful would have the breakaway speed he does," Rankins said. "He's able to run away from guys and get to the edge and create huge plays for that offense.

"Overall, [Elliott is] one of the top five most talented backs in this league. So we've definitely got our hands full."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Can Saints' No. 1 run defense cool off Ezekiel Elliott?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nov 26, 2018 Mike TriplettESPN Staff Writer Close Covered Saints for eight years at New Orleans Times-Picayune Previously covered LSU football, San Francisco 49ers Iowa native and University of Iowa graduate METAIRIE, La. -- Something's gotta give on Thursday night in Dallas.

# data[].attributes.body
2d
Kate's Group

add
Google Earth: New Orleans, LA

Kate Rainey
21d
Google Earth: New Orleans, LA
 Your avatar

Add comment
How do kids celebrate Mardi Gras?

Kate Rainey
21d
How do kids celebrate Mardi Gras? 
I found this article about how kids celebrate Mardi Gras in New Orleans. Check it out! Seems fun!
 Your avatar

Add comment
Time For Kids

Kate Rainey
21d
Time For Kids

Username: krainey@lowerlab.org
Password: Student77


 Your avatar

Add comment
Essential Questions

Kate Rainey
21d
Essential Questions
1. How are various parts of the United States similar to and different from each other? 

2. What is life like in the various parts of this country? 

3. How can talking to people about far-away places and studying maps, photos, videos, and books help us learn about life in those places? 

Give your group a name: Example: The Awesome Alligators

As you begin researching information on New Orleans, record your findings on Padlet so you can share your thinking with your group. 

Places to Look: 
World Book Online
NewsELA
Time For Kids 
 Your avatar

Add comment
NewsELA

Kate Rainey
21d
NewsELA
 Your avatar

Add comment
 Krewe of the Saints

add
hurricane katrina

Anonymous
10d
hurricane katrina
did you know that
2 comments

Anonymous 10d
did you know that 1833 people died from hurricane karina

Elyes Hannachi 3d
thats sad
Your avatar

Add comment
the jazz are 8 and 8

Elyes Hannachi
10d
the jazz are 8 and 8
 Your avatar

Add comment
did you know that Buku is a festavile in new orleans.

Eila Berger
10d
did you know that Buku is a festavile in new orleans.
1 comment

Elyes Hannachi 10d
what kind of name is BUKU?
Your avatar

Add comment
In my feelings was filmed in new orleans

Elyes Hannachi
20d
In my feelings was filmed in new orleans
2 comments

Elyes Hannachi 20d
I love mardi gras

Anonymous 10d
Saints won 45 to 35
Your avatar

Add comment
 Saints Searchers

add
📎 Saints vs. Cowboys - Game Summary - November 29, 2018 - ESPN

# data[].attributes.body
it was the third biggest hurrcane in america

# data[].attributes.body
Saints vs. Ravens Week 7 Highlights | NFL 2018 - YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKwJkx6eEUk

▶ 11:29

Oct 21, 2018 - Uploaded by NFL

The New Orleans Saints take on the Baltimore Ravens during Week 7 of the 2018 NFL season. Subscribe to ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Saints win 10th straight, eliminate Falcons in NFC South. Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.body
Video: Saints Play Extra, Top Falcons 43-37 in Overtime - Saints Gabwww.saintsgab.com/2018/09/23/video-saints-play-extra-top-falcons-43-37-in-overtime/

▶ 13:01

Sep 23, 2018 - Uploaded by NFL

Video: NFL Analyst Brian Baldinger Previews the Browns vs Saints Week Game ... Video: Saints Play Extra ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Saints win 10th straight, eliminate Falcons in NFC South. Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Saints vs. Cowboys - Game Summary - November 29, 2018 - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Use a Facebook account to add a comment, subject to Facebook's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Your Facebook name, photo & other personal information you make public on Facebook will appear with your comment, and may be used on ESPN's media platforms. Learn more.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
New Orleans Saints NFL - Saints News, Scores, Stats, Rumors & More - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.body
the cuisine of new orleans encompasses common dishes and foods in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is perhaps the most distinctively recognized regional cuisine in the United States. Some of the dishes originated in New Orleans, while others are common and popular in the city and surrounding areas, such as the Mississippi River Delta and southern Louisiana. The cuisine of New Orleans is heavily influenced by Creole cuisine, Cajun cuisine, and soul food.[1][2]Seafood also plays a prominent part in the cuisine.[1] Dishes invented in New Orleans include po' boy and muffuletta sandwiches, oysters Rockefeller and oysters Bienville, pompano en papillote, and bananas Foster, among others.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New Orleans Saints wide receiver Keith Kirkwood (18) celebrates a ...

# data[].attributes.body
this is new orleans food info

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Shrimp gumbo and rice

The cuisine of New Orleans encompasses common dishes and foods in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is perhaps the most distinctively recognized regional cuisine in the United States. Some of the dishes originated in New Orleans, while others are common and popular in the city and surrounding areas, such as the Mississippi River Delta and southern Louisiana. The cuisine of New Orleans is heavily influenced by Creole cuisine, Cajun cuisine, and soul food. Later on, due to immigration, Italian cuisine and Sicilian cuisine also has some influence on the cuisine of New Orleans. Seafood also plays a prominent part in the cuisine. Dishes invented in New Orleans include po' boy and muffuletta sandwiches, oysters Rockefeller and oysters Bienville, pompano en papillote, and bananas Foster, among others.

Creoles are descendants of the settlers in colonial Louisiana, especially New Orleans. Before Louisiana became a part of the United States in 1803, it was colonized for more than a century, first by France and then by Spain. The Creoles were the American-born offspring of these European settlers. Some Creoles are people of mixed race who also have West African and Native American ancestry. The Creoles, most of whom originally spoke a dialect of French, created a sophisticated and cosmopolitan society in colonial New Orleans.

Creole cuisine is a fusion, unique to the New Orleans area, of French, Spanish, West African, and Native American cuisine. It was also influenced by later immigrants from Germany, Italy (particularly Sicily), and other locations. Like French food, it sometimes makes use of rich sauces and complex preparation techniques. Creole dishes often include onions, bell peppers, celery, tomatoes, and okra.

Cajun cuisine is also based partly on French cuisine and also makes use of local ingredients such as onions, bell peppers, and celery. It tends to be hearty, rustic fare, complex in flavor but easier to prepare. The Cajuns are descendants of the Acadians, French-Canadian colonists who were expelled from the Maritimes by the British. Some of the Acadians settled in rural areas of southern Louisiana in the 1760s and 1770s. The Cajuns spoke their dialect of French. Cajun cuisine uses less fish and more shellfish, pork, and game than Creole cuisine. While not always spicy, Cajun food is known for its unique use of many seasonings, including garlic, hot peppers, and filé powder.

Soul food was created by the African-American descendants of slaves. It is closely related to the cuisine of the Southern United States, but its origins trace back to West Africa. It often features hearty, flavorful dishes made with economical ingredients. Soul food is very popular in New Orleans.

Seafood plays an important part in the cuisine of New Orleans. The city is located where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico, so its residents have access to a rich variety of both saltwater and freshwater fish and shellfish.

Oysters Rockefeller was invented at the New Orleans restaurant Antoine's.

Po' boy sandwiches are associated with the cuisine of New Orleans

Jambalaya

Red beans and rice at an event in the French Quarter of New Orleans

Blackened redfish-a redfish filet, coated with a mixture of seasonings and flash-fried in a red hot cast-iron skillet; the skin of the fish is charred black, while the inside is moist and tender[17][18]

Boudin-sausage made with pork, rice, and Cajun spices.[20][21][22]

Calas-dumplings composed primarily of cooked rice, yeast, sugar, eggs, and flour; the resulting batter is deep-fried,[23] traditionally a breakfast dish, served with coffee or cafe au lait[24]

Dirty rice-a traditional Cajun and Creole dish made from white rice that gets a "dirty" color from being cooked with small pieces of chicken liver or giblets, green bell pepper, celery, and onion,[25] and spiced with cayenne and black pepper.[a]

Étouffée-crawfish (or sometimes other shellfish such as shrimp or crabs) cooked using a technique called smothering, with roux, Cajun spices, and other ingredients, and served with rice[27]

Gumbo-a stew of meat and/or shellfish, with celery, bell peppers, onions, and a stock made with either okra, filé powder, or roux[28][29][30]

Hot sausage

Maque choux-a creamy corn stew, usually made with bell peppers, onions, and tomatoes;[23] it is sometimes braised with bacon or tasso[32]

Muffuletta-a sandwich on a muffuletta bread (a round Italian bread with sesame seeds), with olive salad spread on the bread, filled with various meats and cheeses such as ham, capicola, salami, mortadella, mozzarella, and provolone[33]

Oysters Bienville-a traditional dish in New Orleans cuisine,[34] it consists of filled, baked oysters; ingredients include shrimp, mushrooms, bell peppers, sherry, a roux with butter, Parmesan cheese and other lighter cheese, as well as bread crumbs[35]

Oysters en brochette-a classic dish in New Orleans Creole cuisine,[36] raw oysters are skewered, alternating with pieces of partially cooked bacon; the entire dish is then broiled or breaded (usually with corn flour) then either deep fried or sautéed

Pistolette-either of two bread-based dishes in Louisiana cuisine: one is a stuffed and fried bread roll (sometimes called stuffed pistolettes) in the Cajun areas around Lafayette, the other is a type of submarine shaped bread about half the size of a baguette that is popular in New Orleans for Vietnamese bánh mì and other sandwiches[37]

Pompano en papillote-a pompano filet cooked en papillote, i.e. in a sealed parchment paper envelope, with a white sauce of wine, shrimp, and crabmeat[39]

Red beans and rice-kidney beans cooked with Cajun spices, ham, and vegetables such as bell peppers, onions, and celery, served together with white rice[23][40]

Turtle soup-a thick soup made with turtle meat and Creole spices; the local species are now protected so turtle meat from other states is used; alternatively, a mock turtle soup is made with veal or other meat[43]

Yaka mein- a soup of stewed beef in broth with noodles,[23] garnished with half a hard-boiled egg and chopped green onions, with Creole seasonings

Bananas Foster

Beignet-a square-shaped pastry made with deep-fried dough and topped with powdered sugar.[45]

Doberge cake-a cake with many thin layers, separated with dessert pudding or custard[23] (often half chocolate and half lemon), and with a glazed outer frosting[47]

Hubig's Pies-a brand of mass-produced glazed turnovers of fried dough with various fruit fillings;[23][48] the company was founded in 1922; no pies have been made since the factory was destroyed in a fire in 2012

King cake-a cake made of braided brioche dough laced with cinnamon, with purple, green, and gold frosting, and a small plastic baby hidden inside; eaten during Mardi Gras season[23][50]

Praline-a candy made with pecans, brown and white sugar, butter, and cream[51]

Sno-ball-shaved ice with flavored syrup, served in a cup with a straw; similar to a snow cone but with ice that is more finely ground and fluffy, which absorbs the syrup better[52]

A Sazerac cocktail at the Sazerac bar, The Roosevelt New Orleans hotel, New Orleans

Dixie beer-founded in New Orleans in 1907; since Hurricane Katrina the beer has been contract brewed at other locations

Milk punch-a cocktail made with brandy or bourbon, milk, sugar, and vanilla extract, with nutmeg sprinkled on top

Peychaud's Bitters-a brand of bitters (a bitter-tasting, alcoholic ingredient in some cocktails) first made in New Orleans in the 1830s

Vieux Carré-a cocktail invented in the 1930s at the Carousel Piano Bar & Lounge; made with rye, cognac, vermouth, Bénédictine, Peychaud's Bitters, and Angostura bitters; the "Vieux Carré" (the "Old Square") is another name for the French Quarter

Non-alcoholic

Leidenheimer Baking Company-established in 1896, the bakery is best known for its French bread, used for po'boy sandwiches, and other local breads such as muffuletta and pistolettes[72]

Antoine's restaurant is located in the French Quarter of New Orleans.

Notable New Orleans dining and drinking establishments include:

The Picayune Creole Cook Book

The Picayune Creole Cook Book has been described as "an authentic and complete account of the Creole kitchen". It was published in 1900 during a time when former slaves and their descendants were moving North. Local newspapers warned that when the last of the "race of Creole cooks" left New Orleans "the secrets of the Louisiana Kitchen" would be lost.

The recipes published in the cook book were compiled by an unknown staffer at the Daily Picayune, who said the recipes came directly from "the old Creole 'mammies'". Since its publication it has been released in sixteen subsequent editions with very little alteration to the original recipes.

1. Karlin, Adam (April 29, 2014). "New Orleans: the unseen side of the city". The Telegraph.

2. Bernard, Shane K. (December 8, 2010). ^ "Creoles" Archived 2016-01-18 at the Wayback Machine, KnowLA: Encyclopedia of Louisiana History, Culture, and Community. Retrieved December 16, 2015.

3. Ducote, Jay D. (April 24, 2012). "Cajun vs. Creole - What's the Difference?", Huffington Post. Retrieved December 16, 2015.

4. Wuerthner, Terri. "Creole and Cajun Cookery: Different Yet Similar" Archived 2016-12-27 at the Wayback Machine, About Food. Retrieved December 16, 2015.

5. Beggs, Cindy; Gipson, Bridget; Shaw, Sherrie. "Cajun and Creole Cuisine", University of West Florida. Archived from the original on April 29, 2001. Retrieved December 16, 2015.

6. Bernard, Shane K. (July 26, 2011). ^ "Cajuns" Archived 2016-01-19 at the Wayback Machine, KnowLA: Encyclopedia of Louisiana History, Culture, and Community. Retrieved December 16, 2015.

7. ^ Willett, Megan (February 12, 2013). "10 Dishes That Only Exist In New Orleans". Business Insider.

8. ^ Eustis, Célestine (1903). Cooking in Old Creole Days (in French). New York: R.H. Russell. p. 108.

9. Cason, Colleen (February 13, 2009). ^ "From Swamp to Swank: Flavor Elevates Crawfish Étouffée", Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2015.

10. Dry, Stanley (2009). ^ "Jambalaya" Archived 2017-10-14 at the Wayback Machine, Louisiana Life. Retrieved January 1, 2016.

11. ^ Tucker, S. (2009). New Orleans Cuisine: Fourteen Signature Dishes and Their Histories. University Press of Mississippi. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-60473-127-9.

12. ^ Meyer, A.L.; Vann, J.M. (2008). The Appetizer Atlas: A World of Small Bites. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 36-37. ISBN 978-0-544-17738-3.

13. ^ Sari Edelstein (22 October 2010). Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 60-. ISBN 978-1-4496-1811-7.

14. Curry, Dale (September 2009). ^ "Lavishly Layered" Archived 2014-04-13 at the Wayback Machine, New Orleans Magazine. Retrieved September 13, 2015.

15. Marszalek, Keith I. (November 30, 2008). ^ "Home of the 'Hurricane' Pat O'Brien's Turns 75 This Week" Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine, Times-Picayune. Retrieved January 2, 2016.

16. ^ Fertel, Rien T. (2013). ""Everybody Seemed Willing to Help":The Picayune Creole Cook Book as Battleground, 1900-2008". The Larder: Food Studies Methods from the American South. The University of Georgia Press.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The cuisine of New Orleans encompasses common dishes and foods in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is perhaps the most distinctively recognized regional cuisine in the United States. Some of the dishes originated in New Orleans, while others are common and popular in the city and surrounding areas, such as the Mississippi River Delta and southern Louisiana.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
These sweet French doughnuts are square instead of round and have no hole in the middle. This beignet recipe is a traditional part of breakfast in New Orleans. -Beth Dawson, Jackson, Louisiana

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
These sweet French doughnuts are square instead of round and have no hole in the middle. This beignet recipe is a traditional part of breakfast in New Orleans. -Beth Dawson, Jackson, Louisiana

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
best saints football plays - Google Search

# data[].attributes.body
#3Herschel Walkeron The Best Heisman Trophy Winners of All Time

#3Bart Starron The Best NFL Buys for the Money

32LISTS NFL Players Ranked by TeamBreaking down the best all time football players from all 32 NFL teams.

New Orleans Saints

Atlanta Falcons

Arizona Cardinals

Baltimore Ravens

Buffalo Bills

Carolina Panthers

Chicago Bears

Cincinnati Bengals

Cleveland Browns

Dallas Cowboys

Denver Broncos

Detroit Lions

Green Bay Packers

Los Angeles Rams

Houston Texans

Indianapolis Colts

Jacksonville Jaguars

Kansas City Chiefs

Miami Dolphins

Minnesota Vikings

New England Patriots

New York Giants

New York Jets

Oakland Raiders

Philadelphia Eagles

Pittsburgh Steelers

San Diego Chargers

San Francisco 49ers

Seattle Seahawks

Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Tennessee Titans

Washington Redskins

Photo: NFL/AT&T Inc.

NFLThe Best New Orleans Saints of All Time

Originally by Ranker NFL

19.1k votes

2.3k voters

50.1k views

111 items

List Rules Please rank the players based only on their time with the Saints

A list of the best New Orleans Saints of all time. For many years, the New Orleans Saints were the laughingstock of the NFL. Their fans wore invented wearing paperbags over their faces at games to conceal their identity because those teams were so bad. One of the only players worth watching in those bad old days was Archie Manning. Superstar quarterback, Manning spent most of his days in New Orleans running for his life behind porous offensive lines and had little talent at the skill position. It took the Saints nearly 20 years to make the playoffs. Behind the intimidating Dome Patrol linebacking crew, which was featured some of the best linebackers of all time, the Saints went to the playoffs four times in six seasons.

It took until Drew Brees arrived in 2006 for the Saints franchise to finally hit their stride. Behind one of the best quarterbacks in the NFL, the Saints reached the NFC Championship Game that year. The team's fortunes improved as they slowly added the greatest players in Saints history. Finally, in 2009, one of the best Saints teams ever captured something that many thought wasn't possible: a Super Bowl title. Behind Brees, wide receiver Marques Colston and a high-flying offense, the Saints defeated the Indianapolis Colts in Super Bowl XLIV. The Saints offense is one of the best in the NFL and with up-and-coming stars like tight end Jimmy Graham, New Orleans looks to be unstoppable for the foreseeable future.This is the list of the best New Orleans Saints of all time. If you see someone missing from this list, feel free to add him. Vote or rerank this list according to who you think is the greatest New Orleans Saints player of all time.

list ordered by

all voters

rerankers: 19

men

women

age

region

rank your version

football players

1

1,52068

Drew Brees

Quarterback

2

642156

Rickey Jackson

Linebacker

3

686153

Marques Colston

Wide receiver

4

561119

Willie Roaf

Tackle

5

649143

Deuce McAllister

Running back

6

533118

Morten Andersen

Placekicker

7

517118

Sam Mills

Linebacker

8

695204

Archie Manning

Quarterback

9

440107

Pat Swilling

Linebacker

did you know?Danny Abramowicz fans also upvote Mel Gray on The Best New Orleans Saints of All TimePeople in the Northeast are 2x more likely to vote for Steve GleasonWill Smith is also ranked #38 of 70 on The Best Ohio State Buckeyes of All Time

10

488116

Joe Horn

Wide receiver

11

29148

slaft added

Will Smith

Defensive end

12

329101

AlexPutnam added

Jahri Evans

Guard

13

568239

Jimmy Graham

Tight end

NFLGary Clarkfalling to #14 onThe Greatest Washington Redskins of All TimeThis is a list of the greatest Washington Redskins of all time. The Washington Redskins are a deep that's rich with tradition. Formed in 1933, the Redskins are have had some of the...more

14

27354

bigulcards added

Jonathan Vilma

Linebacker

15

29599

Vaughn Johnson

16

391129

Pierre Thomas

Running back

17

17049

RodneyMudd added

La'Roi Glover

Defensive tackle

18

299102

FaithJezek added

Mark Ingram

did you know?Bobby Hebert fans also upvote Jim Taylor on The Best New Orleans Saints of All TimePeople in the Northeast are 9x more likely to vote for Jonathan VilmaLa'Roi Glover is also ranked #31 of 171 on The Greatest Defensive Tackles of All Time

19

231110

Eric Martin

Wide receiver

20

217103

George Rogers

Running back

21

322115

willyboymcoy added

Steve Gleason

Safety, Linebacker, Defensive back

22

1638

1514593493730 added

Alvin Kamara

23

16943

Andrew Wyly added

Darren Sproles

Running back, Return specialist

24

21454

Andrew Wyly added

Reggie Bush

Running back

25

15335

KT32889MD added

Lance Moore

Wide receiver

26

14745

slaft added

Dalton Hilliard

Running back

27

17165

mkeith.peel added

Tom Dempsey

Placekicker

28

181100

JabariParker12 added

Darren Sharper

Safety

29

14020

Andrew Wyly added

Thomas Morstead

Punter

30

1127

vkvines added

Cameron Jordan

Defensive end

31

14130

Andrew Wyly added

Tracy Porter

Cornerback

32

220124

Bobby Hebert

Quarterback

33

12346

CMCSS03 added

Ricky Williams

Running back

FOOTBALLKen Stablerrising to #23 onThe Best Quarterbacks of All TimeThis list of the greatest quarterbacks of all time only includes the best NFL quarterbacks to ever play professional football. Who are the best quarterbacks of all time? That is a ...more

34

967

vkvines added

Michael Thomas

Safety

35

9440

slaft added

Carl Nicks

Tackle, Guard

36

637

Chase Penalber added

Max Unger

Guard, Center

winners & losers#1. Mark Cuban is  rising on The Best Current NBA Team Owners#1. Jerry Rice is  rising on The Best Wide Receivers of All Time#3. Jeff Gordon is  rising on The All-Time Greatest NASCAR Drivers

37

12372

CMCSS03 added

Brandin Cooks

38

10149

mkeith.peel added

Danny Abramowicz

Defensive end, Wide receiver

39

14179

AlexPutnam added

Wayne Martin

Defensive tackle, Lineman, Defensive end

40

14876

wiabux added

Doug Atkins

Defensive end

41

8541

jay-tee-sr added

Chuck Muncie

Running back

42

7445

slaft added

Charles Grant

Defensive end

43

7232

Andrew Wyly added

Kyle Turley

Tackle

BEST TV SHOWSfrequently voted on nextThe Best New TV Dramas Since 2015With so many great TV series currently airing, we’re ranking the best television dramas since 2015. Our list of the highest rated dramas of the past three years is ranked by v...more

44

6838

slaft added

Jim Wilks

Lineman, Defensive lineman

45

5942

slaft added

Gene Atkins

Safety

winners & losers#1. Mariano Rivera is  rising on The Best Closers in Baseball History#1. Bruce Lee is  rising on The Best Martial Artists in History#1. Ray Guy is  rising on The Greatest NFL Punters of All Time

46

6641

slaft added

Joe Johnson

Defensive tackle, Defensive end, Tackle

47

7532

slaft added

Stan Brock

Tackle, Offensive Lineman

48

576

Chase Penalber added

Zach Strief

Tackle

49

6021

Andrew Wyly added

Sammy Knight

Safety

50

7533

slaft added

Jim Dombrowski

Tackle, Offensive Lineman, Guard

LOAD MORE

not on the list?add item #112List Rules: Please rank the players based only on their time with the Saints

Filed Under: Football Players Sports People In Sports Athletes New Orleans Saints NFL Football All Time Football All Time Sports

The Best New Orleans Saints of All Time

sharetweetpinemail

31 MoreLISTSNFL Players Ranked by TeamBreaking down the best all time football players from all 32 NFL teams.

FOOTBALLThe Best Atlanta Falcons of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Arizona Cardinals of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Baltimore Ravens of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Buffalo Bills of All Time NFLThe Best Carolina Panthers of All Time NFLThe Greatest Chicago Bears of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Cincinnati Bengals of All Time NFLThe Best Cleveland Browns of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Dallas Cowboys of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Denver Broncos of All Time NFLThe Best Detroit Lions of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Green Bay Packers of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Los Angeles Rams of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Houston Texans of All Time NFLThe Best Indianapolis Colts of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Jacksonville Jaguars of All Time NFLThe Best Kansas City Chiefs of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Miami Dolphins of All Time NFLThe Best Minnesota Vikings of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best New England Patriots of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best New York Giants of All Time NFLThe Best New York Jets of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Oakland Raiders of All Time NFLThe Best Philadelphia Eagles of All Time NFLThe Best Pittsburgh Steelers of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best San Diego Chargers of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best San Francisco 49ers of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Seattle Seahawks of All Time NFLThe Best Tampa Bay Buccaneers of All Time NFLThe Best Tennessee Titans of All Time NFLThe Greatest Washington Redskins of All Time

prev listmore popular lists

next list

41 people have voted onThe Best New Shows That Premiered in 2018 NFLThe Greatest Washington Redskins of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best Quarterbacks of All Time FOOTBALLThe Best NFL Running Backs of All Time NFL36 people have voted onThe Best Tennessee Titans of All Time

Tim Brownrising to #9The Best Wide Receivers of All Time NFL4 people have voted onPeople Who Should Be in the Pro Football Hall of Fame NFLThe Best Football Players Ever FOOTBALLThe Dirtiest NFL Players of All Time NFLThe Greatest Defensive Tackles of All Time

Manu Ginóbili falling to #34The Biggest Crybabies in Basketball

Bill Russell falling to #7The Top NBA Players Of All Time

Joey Galloway rising to #14The Best Ohio State Buckeyes of All Time

Jason Taylor rising to #17The Greatest Defensive Ends of All Time

Wilt Chamberlainrising to #2The Best Philadelphia 76ers of All Time FOOTBALLThe Greatest Linebackers of All Time NFLThe Greatest Tight Ends of All Time FOOTBALLThe Greatest Defenders in NFL History BASEBALLThe Greatest Baseball Players of All Time

Eric Reidrising to #10The Best LSU Football Players of All Time QUARTERBACKSThe Most Overlooked Quarterbacks of All Time NCAAThe Best Nebraska Cornhuskers Football Players of All Time COLLEGE SPORTSThe Best Alabama Crimson Tide Football Players of All Time BEST ATHLETESThe Best Athletes of All Time

Guy Lafleur rising to #14The Best NHL Players of All Time

Ronaldinho falling to #7The Best Soccer Players of All Time

Stephon Marbury rising to #14The Greatest Brooklyn Nets of All Time

Josh Beckett falling to #6The Best Miami Marlins of All Time

Joe Morganfalling to #16The Best Houston Astros of All Time BASEBALLThe Greatest St. Louis Cardinals of All Time NFLThe Best NFL Coaches of All Time NBAThe Best Atlanta Hawks of All Time BEST ATHLETESThe Greatest NFL Kickers of All Time

Top 10 Current Queries

in Football Players:

montreal expos players blackout experience famous hispanic athletes fun things to do on a rainy day for couples hot celebs home pennsylvania famous people girls fights denver broncos past quarterbacks songs like season of the witch heather dubrow age

contact us

we're hiring

data blog

listopedia

like us on facebook

follow us on pinterest

subscribe to our top lists

© Ranker 2018 terms privacy sitemap

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A list of the best New Orleans Saints of all time. For many years, the New Orleans Saints were the laughingstock of the NFL. Their fans wore invented wearing paperbags over their faces at games to conceal their identity because those teams were so bad. One of the only players worth watching in those bad old days was Archie Manning. Superstar quarterback, Manning spent most of his days in New Orleans running for his life behind porous offensive lines and had little talent at the skill position. It took the Saints nearly 20 years to make the playoffs. Behind the intimidating Dome Patrol linebacking crew, which was featured some of the best linebackers of all time, the Saints went to the playoffs four times in six seasons.

It took until Drew Brees arrived in 2006 for the Saints franchise to finally hit their stride. Behind one of the best quarterbacks in the NFL, the Saints reached the NFC Championship Game that year. The team's fortunes improved as they slowly added the greatest players in Saints history. Finally, in 2009, one of the best Saints teams ever captured something that many thought wasn't possible: a Super Bowl title. Behind Brees, wide receiver Marques Colston and a high-flying offense, the Saints defeated the Indianapolis Colts in Super Bowl XLIV. The Saints offense is one of the best in the NFL and with up-and-coming stars like tight end Jimmy Graham, New Orleans looks to be unstoppable for the foreseeable future.

This is the list of the best New Orleans Saints of all time. If you see someone missing from this list, feel free to add him. Vote or rerank this list according to who you think is the greatest New Orleans Saints player of all time.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A list of the best New Orleans Saints of all time. For many years, the New Orleans Saints were the laughingstock of the NFL. Their fans wore invented wearing paperbags over their faces at games to conceal their identity because those teams were so bad. One of the only players worth watching i...

# data[].attributes.body
The Flag of New Orleans

# data[].attributes.headline
the saints have a 61.9 percent chance of winning against the cowboys.

# data[].attributes.subject
the saints have a 61.9 percent chance of winning against the cowboys.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
LSU Tigers running back Derrius Guice slips a tackle during the...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
LSU Tigers running back Derrius Guice slips a tackle during the AdvoCare Texas Kickoff - BYU v LSU on SEP 02, 2017 at Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, LA. LSU Tigers won 27-0. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images

# data[].attributes.body
Rams vs. Saints Week 9 Highlights | NFL 2018 - YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaIyy109Hf8

▶ 13:16

Nov 4, 2018 - Uploaded by NFL

The Los Angeles Rams take on the New Orleans Saints during Week 9 of the 2018 NFL season.... Packers ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New Orleans Sports Teams. Saints Football. The New Orleans Saints always give fans something to cheer about. Pelicans Basketball. The New Orleans Pelicans play in the Smoothie King Center and put on the best half-time performances in the league! Baby Cakes Baseball. Jesters Soccer.

# data[].attributes.body
yo!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
new orleans college football team - Google Search

# data[].attributes.body
it was made in 1833 now there is more than 7,000 people burred in the cemetry.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
New Orleans Saints NFL - Saints News, Scores, Stats, Rumors & More - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.body
Saints vs. Giants Week 4 Highlights | NFL 2018 - YouTubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtmEIe73W2A

▶ 11:11

Sep 30, 2018 - Uploaded by NFL

The New Orleans Saints take on the New York Giants during Week 4 of the 2018 NFL season. Subscribe to ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New Orleans Sports Teams. Saints Football. The New Orleans Saints always give fans something to cheer about. Pelicans Basketball. The New Orleans Pelicans play in the Smoothie King Center and put on the best half-time performances in the league! Baby Cakes Baseball. Jesters Soccer.

# data[].attributes.body
awesome!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
New Orleans Saints NFL - Saints News, Scores, Stats, Rumors & More - ESPN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Drew Brees threw four touchdown passes to inexperienced receivers and the New Orleans Saints won their 10th straight game Thursday night with a 31-17 victory over Atlanta that eliminated the Falcons from contention in the NFC South.

# data[].attributes.body
did you know that

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New Orleans sports teams include: Saints NFL football, Pelicans NBA basketball, Baby Cakes Triple-A baseball & Jesters semi-pro soccer. Find their season schedules, here!

# data[].attributes.body
awesome!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Aw snap! Google Earth isn't supported by your browser yet. Try this link in Chrome instead. If you don't have Chrome installed, download it here.

# data[].attributes.headline
did you know that Buku is a festavile in new orleans.

# data[].attributes.subject
did you know that Buku is a festavile in new orleans.

# data[].attributes.body
3 comments

Noah Chen 10d
wow!

Brighten Sun 10d
boo

Noah Chen 19m
huh?
Your avatar

Add comment

more_vert
How do kids celebrate Mardi Gras?

Kate Rainey
11d
How do kids celebrate Mardi Gras? 
I found this article about how kids celebrate Mardi Gras in New Orleans. Check it out! Seems fun!
1 comment

Noah Chen 19m
Awsome!
Your avatar

Add comment
Time For Kids

Kate Rainey
11d
Time For Kids

Username: krainey@lowerlab.org
Password: Student77


1 comment

Noah Chen 18m
Epic!
Your avatar

Add comment
Essential Questions

Kate Rainey
11d
Essential Questions
1. How are various parts of the United States similar to and different from each other? 

2. What is life like in the various parts of this country? 

3. How can talking to people about far-away places and studying maps, photos, videos, and books help us learn about life in those places? 

Give your group a name: Example: The Awesome Alligators

As you begin researching information on New Orleans, record your findings on Padlet so you can share your thinking with your group. 

Places to Look: 
World Book Online
NewsELA
Time For Kids 
1 comment

Noah Chen 18m
o.k
Your avatar

Add comment
NewsELA

Kate Rainey
11d
NewsELA
1 comment

Noah Chen 18m
cool!
Your avatar

Add comment
 Krewe of the Saints

add
In my feelings was filmed in new orleans

Elyes Hannachi
10d
In my feelings was filmed in new orleans
6 comments

Elyes Hannachi 10d
I love mardi gras

Noah Chen 10d
me too!!!!!!!!!

Charles Jia 10d
ME TOO!!

Gavin Lin 10d
ME TOO

Anonymous 29m
Saints won 45 to 35

Rodrigo Efron 14m
a lot of bars l went in one.
Your avatar

Add comment
 Saints Searchers

add
saints won 48-7 against the eagles.

Brighten Sun
1m
saints won 48-7 against the eagles.
mark ingram II had two touchdown rushes against the 
Your avatar

Add comment
hurricane katrina

Anonymous
4m
hurricane katrina
did you know that 1,833 people died  from hurricane katrina

 Your avatar

Add comment
That is true.

Isabella Cajigas
6m
That is true.
 Your avatar

Add comment
hurricane katrina

Anonymous
7m
hurricane katrina
 Your avatar

Add comment
there's a lot of jazz

Kamila Cardozo Kalvinskaite
7m
there's a lot of jazz 
 Your avatar

Add comment
awesome stuff

Noah Chen
10m
awesome stuff
 Your avatar

Add comment
david johnson had 25 carries for 137 yards in the last game

Brighten Sun
10m
david johnson had 25 carries for 137 yards in the last game
p.s. david johnson plays for louissville cardinals

 Your avatar

Add comment
saints

Anonymous
20m
saints
did 
2 comments

Anonymous 18m
did you know that the saints best player is drew brees

Savannah Dare 14m
king cake has several ingredients,it might have something to do with Mardi Gras
Your avatar

Add comment
Your avatar Add comment

Noah Chen
24m
 
Your avatar

Add comment
how hurricane katrina changed CSR forever

Sadie Oconnell
10d
how hurricane katrina changed CSR forever
 Your avatar

Add comment

more_vert
tim hightower's career high for rushes is 28 on 12/13/15

Brighten Sun
10d
tim hightower's career high for rushes is 28 on 12/13/15
4 comments

Charles Jia 10d
HURICANE!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Noah Chen 10d
awsome

Brighten Sun 10d
err tim hightower is a rb

Brighten Sun 10d
actully I dont know who tim hightower is
Your avatar

Add comment
 Louisiana Saints

add
city park is as big as central park

Gavin Lin
10d
city park is as big as central park 
1 comment

Gavin Lin 10d
but not exactly
Your avatar

Add comment
📎 Google Earth

Charles Jia
10d
Your avatar

Add comment
MERCEDES BENZ STATUIM

Gavin Lin
10d
MERCEDES BENZ STATUIM
 Your avatar

Add comment
THE AMAZING SAINTS BEAT THE UNDEFEATED RAMS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Gavin Lin
10d
THE AMAZING SAINTS BEAT THE UNDEFEATED RAMS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YA
5 comments

Nicolas Caravati 10d
so cool and the rams are really good

Savannah Dare 10d
amazing saints?

Elyes Hannachi 10d
Saints rule

Charles Jia 4m
Flag of Louisiana.svg Name	Louisiana Use	Civil and state flag Proportion 7:11 Adopted	Original design: 1912 (current version of design November 22, 2010)[1] Design	Image of a pelican feeding her young with her own blood on a field of azure. Below the pelican, a ribbon displays "Union Justice Confidence"

Charles Jia 1m
6cb3bh87fc0o
Your avatar

Add comment
 New Orleans Saints

add
guys did you know that the siants stadiam is the yulman stadiam

Nicolas Caravati
10d
guys did you know that the siants stadiam is the yulman stadiam
 Your avatar

Add comment
how hurricane katrina changed CSR forever

Sadie Oconnell
10d
how hurricane katrina changed CSR forever
 Your avatar

Add comment
tim hightower's career high for rushes is 28 on 12/13/15

Brighten Sun
10d
tim hightower's career high for rushes is 28 on 12/13/15
4 comments

Charles Jia 10d
HURICANE!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Noah Chen 10d
awsome

Brighten Sun 10d
err tim hightower is a rb

Brighten Sun 10d
actully I dont know who tim hightower is
Your avatar

Add comment
 The Pelicans

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Aw snap! Google Earth isn't supported by your browser yet. Try this link in Chrome instead. If you don't have Chrome installed, download it here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hurricane Katrina Day by Day | National Geographic

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hurricane Katrina Day by Day | National Geographic

# data[].attributes.body
mark ingram II had two touchdown rushes against the eagles and alvin kamara got a touchdown pass from 23 yards.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Everything you need to know about Mardi Gras, including updated parade routes, traditions, the best places to get Mardi Gras beads, masks, king cakes and more!

# data[].attributes.body
I like the music it is very very loud I like loud. loud is cool
it is also very cheerful & exciting

# data[].attributes.body
did you know that 1,833 people died  from hurricane katrina

# data[].attributes.body
the music is very cheerful and loud

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New Orleans is home to a wide variety of sporting events. Most notable are the home games of the New Orleans Saints ( NFL) and the New Orleans Pelicans ( NBA), the annual Sugar Bowl, the annual Zurich Classic ( PGA Tour) and horse racing at the Fair Grounds Race Course.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
1. Mardi Gras and Carnival are the same celebration.
Though Mardi Gras technically refers only to Fat Tuesday, the Mardi Gras season actually begins on Epiphany, a Christian holiday celebrated on January 6 that is otherwise known as Three Kings Day or the Twelfth Day of Christmas. In Brazil and many other countries, this period between Epiphany and Fat Tuesday is known as Carnival. Whichever name you prefer to use, the revelries of Mardi Gras last until midnight tonight, when Ash Wednesday ushers in 40 days of Lent.

2. Mardi Gras may or may not have pagan roots.
A popular theory holds that Mardi Gras' origins lie in ancient pagan celebrations of spring and fertility, such as Saturnalia and Lupercalia. Some experts contend, however, that Mardi Gras-type festivities popped up solely as a result of the Catholic Church's discouragement of sex and meat during Lent. Church reformers may have helped to propagate the pagan rumors, these experts say, in the hope of dissuading pre-Lenten hedonism.

3. New Orleans did not host the first North American Mardi Gras.
Mardi Gras is believed to have arrived in North America on March 3, 1699, when the French-Canadian explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville camped about 60 miles downriver from the future site of New Orleans. Knowing it was Fat Tuesday back in France, Iberville named the spot Point du Mardi Gras and held a small gala. A few years later, French soldiers and settlers feasted and wore masks as part of Mardi Gras festivities in the newly founded city of Mobile (present-day Alabama). To this day, Mobile claims to have the oldest annual Mardi Gras celebration in the United States.

4. Mardi Gras in New Orleans survived early efforts at suppression.
Mardi Gras got going in New Orleans soon after the city's founding in 1718. The Spanish, who ruled the Big Easy from 1762 to 1800, apparently cracked down on certain Mardi Gras rituals (though documentation from that period is scarce). U.S. authorities did much the same after taking control in 1803, banning both masked balls and public disguises. Nonetheless, they eventually accepted the festival's existence. The first recorded Mardi Gras street parade in New Orleans took place in 1837, by which time the city had transformed from a small backwater into a major metropolis. Twenty years later, six men organized a secret society called the Mistick Krewe of Comus. By holding a parade with the theme of "The Demon Actors in Milton's Paradise Lost," along with a lavish grand ball, Comus reversed the declining popularity of Mardi Gras and helped establish New Orleans as its clear epicenter in the United States. This year, more than 1 million visitors are expected to attend.

5. Other secret societies quickly followed Comus' lead.
In 1872 the Krewe of Rex and the Knights of Momus began paying for parades and balls of their own. They were followed a decade later by the Krewe of Proteus. Since these early societies were exclusively male and white, women and blacks formed their own groups, such as Les Mysterieuses and the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club. Dozens of krewes of all types have proliferated since then, including the science fiction-themed Intergalactic Krewe of Chewbacchus, whose name is a hybrid of the "Star Wars" character and the Roman god of wine. Despite being less than three years old, this krewe convinced Peter Mayhew, the actor who played Chewbacca in the movies, to ride in its parade last month atop a Millennium Falcon float and alongside a mascot called Bar2D2.

6. Some krewes refused to racially integrate.
Racial exclusion has not been limited to the distant past. In 1992, after an acrimonious debate, the New Orleans City Council passed an ordinance that prohibited krewes from discriminating on the basis of race, religion, sexual orientation or national origin. Rex pledged to immediately integrate, but Comus, Momus and Proteus chose to stop parading rather than open up their ranks to blacks. Comus has not yet returned to the streets, Momus spun off into the Knights of Chaos and Proteus came back in 2000 after signing the non-discrimination pledge.

7. Mardi Gras occasionally gets cancelled.
Since Comus ushered in the modern era of Mardi Gras in 1857, the New Orleans festivities have been cancelled about a dozen times. Most of those cancellations came during the Civil War, World War I and World War II, though revelers also stayed home during an 1870s yellow fever outbreak. The last time it was called off completely was 1945. A scaled-down version even took place in 2006, just months after Hurricane Katrina flooded the Gulf Coast and killed over 1,800 people.

8. The Super Bowl interrupted the 2013 parade schedule.
New Orleans hosted both the Super Bowl and Mardi Gras in February 2013, a potentially overwhelming combination that some called "Super Gras." In an effort at crowd control, the city expanded its 12-day parade season so that no one would be marching on February 3, when the San Francisco 49ers battled the Baltimore Ravens. January 28-31 and February 4-5 likewise were kept free of parades. In a similar attempt at preventing mayhem, official parades have been banned from the narrow, tourist-filled streets of the city's French Quarter since the 1970s.

9. King Cake is only eaten during Mardi Gras.
Available only during the Mardi Gras season, king cake is typically made with brioche dough. Braided and laced with cinnamon, the dough is then glazed with purple, green and gold sugar or covered in icing in those same Mardi Gras colors. What really sets king cake apart from other desserts, however, is the small plastic baby hidden inside. Whoever finds the baby in his or her slice must buy the next cake or perhaps host the next party.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
9 Things You May Not Know About Mardi Gras

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
1. Mardi Gras and Carnival are the same celebration. Though Mardi Gras technically refers only to Fat Tuesday, the Mardi Gras season actually begins on Epiphany, a Christian holiday celebrated on January 6 that is otherwise known as Three Kings Day or the Twelfth Day of Christmas.

# data[].attributes.body
Areas affected: Bahamas,South Florida,Central Florida,Florida

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Hurricane Katrina was a devastating Category 5 Atlantic hurricane that caused 1,836 fatalities and damage estimated between $97.4 billion to $145.5 billion in late August 2005, particularly in the city of New Orleans and its surrounding area. At the time, it was the costliest tropical cyclone on record, later tied by Hurricane Harvey of 2017. Katrina was the twelfth tropical cyclone, the fifth hurricane, and the third major hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It was also the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane to make landfall in the contiguous United States, gauged by barometric pressure.

Katrina began on August 23, 2005, with the merger of a tropical wave and the remnants of Tropical Depression Ten. Early the following day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and headed generally westward toward Florida. On August 25, two hours before making landfall at Hallandale Beach, it strengthened into a hurricane. After briefly weakening to tropical storm strength over southern Florida, Katrina entered the Gulf of Mexico on August 26 and rapidly intensified. The storm strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico before weakening to a high-end Category 3 hurricane at its second landfall on August 29 over southeast Louisiana and Mississippi.

The largest loss of life in Hurricane Katrina was due to flooding caused by engineering flaws in the flood protection system, particularly the levee around the city of New Orleans. Eventually, 80% of the city, as well as large areas in neighboring parishes, were flooded for weeks. The flooding destroyed most of New Orleans's transportation and communication facilities, leaving tens of thousands of people who did not evacuate the city prior to landfall with little access to food, shelter, and other basic necessities. The disaster in New Orleans prompted a massive national and international response effort, including federal, local, and private rescue operations to evacuate those displaced from the city in the following weeks. After the storm, multiple investigations concluded that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which had designed and built the region's levees decades earlier, was responsible for the failure of the flood-control systems. However, federal courts later ruled that the Corps could not be held financially liable due to sovereign immunity in the Flood Control Act of 1928.

The emergency response from federal, state, and local governments was widely criticized, leading to the resignation of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) director Michael D. Brown and New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) Superintendent Eddie Compass. Many other government officials faced criticism for their responses, especially New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin, Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco, and President George W. Bush. However, several agencies, such as the United States Coast Guard (USCG), National Hurricane Center (NHC), and National Weather Service (NWS), were commended for their actions, with the NHC being particularly praised for its accurate forecasts well in advance. Katrina was the earliest 11th named storm on record, before being surpassed by Tropical Storm Kyle on August 14, 2020. The destruction and loss of life caused by the storm prompted the name Katrina to be retired by the World Meteorological Organization in April 2006.

On January 4, 2023, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) updated the Katrina fatality data based on a report by Rappaport (2014) which reduced the number from an estimated 1,833 to 1,392. The same NHC report also revised the total damage estimate keeping Hurricane Katrina as the costliest storm ever--$190 billion according to NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir-Simpson scale

Hurricane Katrina originated from the merger of a tropical wave and the mid-level remnants of Tropical Depression Ten on August 19, 2005, near the Lesser Antilles. On August 23, the disturbance organized into Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas. The storm strengthened into Tropical Storm Katrina on the morning of August 24. The tropical storm moved towards Florida and became a hurricane only two hours before making landfall between Hallandale Beach and Aventura on the morning of August 25. The storm weakened over land, but it regained hurricane status about one hour after entering the Gulf of Mexico, and it continued strengthening over open waters. On August 27, the storm reached Category 3 intensity on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale, becoming the third major hurricane of the season. An eyewall replacement cycle disrupted the intensification but caused the storm to nearly double in size. Thereafter, Katrina rapidly intensified over the "unusually warm" waters of the Loop Current, from a Category 3 hurricane to a Category 5 hurricane in just nine hours.

After attaining Category 5 hurricane status on the morning of August 28, Katrina reached its peak strength at 1800 UTC, with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph (280 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 902 mbar (26.6 inHg). The pressure measurement made Katrina the fifth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record at the time, only to be surpassed by Hurricanes Rita and Wilma later in the season; it was also the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Gulf of Mexico at the time, before Rita broke the record. The hurricane subsequently weakened due to another eyewall replacement cycle, and Katrina made its second landfall at 1110 UTC on August 29, as a high end Category 3 hurricane with sustained winds of 125 mph (201 km/h), near Buras-Triumph, Louisiana. At landfall, hurricane-force winds extended outward 120 miles (190 km) from the center and the storm's central pressure was 920 mbar (27 inHg). After moving over southeastern Louisiana and Breton Sound, it made its third and final landfall near the Louisiana-Mississippi border with 120 mph (190 km/h) sustained winds, still at a mid range Category 3 hurricane intensity. Katrina maintained strength well into Mississippi, finally losing hurricane strength more than 150 miles (240 km) inland near Meridian, Mississippi. It was downgraded to a tropical depression near Clarksville, Tennessee; its remnants were absorbed by a cold front in the eastern Great Lakes region on August 31. The resulting extratropical storm moved rapidly to the northeast and affected eastern Canada.

Preparations

Federal government

Flanked by Michael Chertoff, Secretary of Homeland Security, left, and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, President Bush meets with members of the Task Force on Hurricane Katrina Recovery on August 31, 2005.

The United States Coast Guard began pre-positioning resources in a ring around the expected impact zone and activated more than 400 reservists. On August 27, it moved its personnel out of the New Orleans region prior to the mandatory evacuation. Aircrews from the Aviation Training Center, in Mobile, staged rescue aircraft from Texas to Florida. All aircraft were returning towards the Gulf of Mexico by the afternoon of August 29. Aircrews, many of whom lost their homes during the hurricane, began a round-the-clock rescue effort in New Orleans, and along the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines.

President George W. Bush declared a state of emergency in selected regions of Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi on August 27. "On Sunday, August 28, President Bush spoke with Governor Blanco to encourage her to order a mandatory evacuation of New Orleans." However, during the testimony by former Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) chief Michael Brown before a U.S. House subcommittee on September 26, Representative Stephen Buyer (R-IN) inquired as to why Bush's declaration of state of emergency of August 27 had not included the coastal parishes of Orleans, Jefferson, and Plaquemines. The declaration actually did not include any of Louisiana's coastal parishes, whereas the coastal counties were included in the declarations for Mississippi and Alabama. Brown testified that this was because Louisiana Governor Blanco had not included those parishes in her initial request for aid, a decision that he found "shocking". After the hearing, Blanco released a copy of her letter, which showed she had requested assistance for "all the southeastern parishes including the City of New Orleans" as well specifically naming 14 parishes, including Jefferson, Orleans, St. Bernard, and Plaquemines.

Voluntary and mandatory evacuations were issued for large areas of southeast Louisiana as well as coastal Mississippi and Alabama. About 1.2 million residents of the Gulf Coast were covered under a voluntary or mandatory evacuation order.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

On the afternoon of August 26, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) realized that Katrina had yet to make the turn toward the Florida Panhandle and ended up revising the predicted track of the storm from the panhandle to the Mississippi coast. The National Weather Service's New Orleans/Baton Rouge office issued a vividly worded bulletin on August 28 predicting that the area would be "uninhabitable for weeks" after "devastating damage" caused by Katrina, which at that time rivaled the intensity of Hurricane Camille. During video conferences involving the president later that day and on August 29, NHC director Max Mayfield expressed concern that Katrina might push its storm surge over the city's levees and flood walls. In one conference, he stated, "I do not think anyone can tell you with confidence right now whether the levees will be topped or not, but that's obviously a very, very great concern."

Florida and Gulf Coast

In Florida, Governor Jeb Bush declared a state of emergency on August 24 in advance of Hurricane Katrina's landfall. By the following day, Florida's Emergency Operations Center was activated in Tallahassee to monitor the progress of the hurricane. Before Katrina moved ashore, schools and businesses were closed in the Miami area. Cruise ships altered their paths due to seaports in southeastern Florida closing. Officials in Miami-Dade County advised residents in mobile homes or with special needs to evacuate. To the north in Broward County, residents east of the Intracoastal Waterway or in mobile homes were advised to leave their homes. Evacuation orders were issued for offshore islands in Palm Beach County, and for residents in mobile homes south of Lantana Road. Additionally, a mandatory evacuation was ordered for vulnerable housing in Martin County. Shelters were opened across the region. Officials closed the Miami International Airport, Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, Key West International Airport, and Florida Keys Marathon Airport due to the storm. In Monroe and Collier counties, schools were closed, and a shelter was opened in Immokalee.

Radar loop of Hurricane Katrina making landfall in Louisiana

On August 28, Alabama Governor Bob Riley declared a state of emergency for the approaching Hurricane Katrina. On the same day, he requested President Bush to declare "expedited major disaster declaration" for six counties of South Alabama, which was quickly approved. Three hundred fifty national guardsmen were called on duty by August 30. The state of Mississippi activated its National Guard on August 26 in preparation for the storm's landfall. Additionally, the state government activated its Emergency Operations Center the next day, and local governments began issuing evacuation orders. By 6:00 pm CDT on August 28, 11 counties and cities issued evacuation orders, a number which increased to 41 counties and 61 cities by the following morning. Moreover, 57 emergency shelters were established on coastal communities, with 31 additional shelters available to open if needed.

By Sunday, August 28, most infrastructure along the Gulf Coast had been shut down, including all freight and Amtrak rail traffic into the evacuation areas as well as the Waterford Nuclear Generating Station. Since Hurricane Katrina, Amtrak's Sunset Limited service has never been restored past New Orleans.

Vertical cross-section of New Orleans, showing maximum levee height of 23 feet (7 m). Vertical scale exaggerated.

In Louisiana, the state's hurricane evacuation plan calls for local governments in areas along and near the coast to evacuate in three phases, starting with the immediate coast 50 hours before the start of tropical-storm-force winds. Persons in areas designated Phase II begin evacuating 40 hours before the onset of tropical storm winds and those in Phase III areas (including New Orleans) evacuate 30 hours before the start of such winds. Many private caregiving facilities that relied on bus companies and ambulance services for evacuation were unable to evacuate their charges because they waited too long. Louisiana's Emergency Operations Plan Supplement 1C (Part II, Section II, Paragraph D) calls for use of school and other public buses in evacuations. Although buses that later flooded were available to transport those dependent upon public transportation, not enough bus drivers were available to drive them as Governor Blanco did not sign an emergency waiver to allow any licensed driver to transport evacuees on school buses.

By August 26, many of the computer models had shifted the potential path of Katrina 150 miles (240 km) westward from the Florida Panhandle, putting the city of New Orleans directly in the center of their track probabilities; the chances of a direct hit were forecast at 17%, with strike probability rising to 29% by August 28. This scenario was considered a potential catastrophe because some parts of New Orleans and the metro area are below sea level. Since the storm surge produced by the hurricane's right-front quadrant (containing the strongest winds) was forecast to be 28 feet (8.5 m), while the levees offered protection to 23 feet (7.0 m), emergency management officials in New Orleans feared that the storm surge could go over the tops of levees protecting the city, causing major flooding.

At a news conference at 10 a.m. EDT on August 28, shortly after Katrina was upgraded to a Category 5 storm, New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin ordered the first-ever mandatory evacuation of the city, calling Katrina "a storm that most of us have long feared". The city government also established several "refuges of last resort" for citizens who could not leave the city, including the massive Louisiana Superdome, which sheltered approximately 26,000 people and provided them with food and water for several days as the storm came ashore. Some estimates claimed that 80% of the 1.3 million residents of the greater New Orleans metropolitan area evacuated, leaving behind substantially fewer people than remained in the city during the Hurricane Ivan evacuation.

On August 29, 2005, Katrina's storm surge caused 53 breaches to various flood protection structures in and around the greater New Orleans area, submerging 80% of the city. A June 2007 report by the American Society of Civil Engineers indicated that two-thirds of the flooding was caused by the multiple failures of the city's floodwalls. The storm surge also devastated the coasts of Mississippi and Alabama, making Katrina one of the most destructive hurricanes, the costliest natural disaster in the history of the United States (tied with Hurricane Harvey in 2017), and the deadliest hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. The total damage from Katrina is estimated at $125 billion (2005 U.S. dollars). However, in February 2021, a severe winter storm struck the United States, causing a major power failure in Houston, which caused at least $195 billion (2021 USD) in damage in Texas. It surpassed both Katrina and Harvey to become the single-costliest natural disaster recorded in the United States.

The death toll from Katrina is uncertain, with reports differing by hundreds. According to the National Hurricane Center, 1,836 fatalities can be attributed to the storm: 1 in Kentucky, 2 each in Alabama, Georgia, and Ohio, 14 in Florida, 238 in Mississippi, and 1,577 in Louisiana. However, 135 people remain categorized as missing in Louisiana, and many of the deaths are indirect, but it is almost impossible to determine the exact cause of some of the fatalities. A 2008 report by the Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness journal indicates that 966 deaths can be directly attributed to the storm in Louisiana, including out of state evacuees, and another 20 indirectly (such as firearm-related deaths and gas poisoning). Due to uncertain causes of death with 454 evacuees, an upper-bound of 1,440 is noted in the paper. A follow-up study by the Louisiana Department of Health & Hospitals determined that the storm was directly responsible for 1,170 fatalities in Louisiana.

Federal disaster declarations covered 90,000 square miles (230,000 km ²) of the United States, an area almost as large as the United Kingdom. The hurricane left an estimated three million people without electricity. On September 3, 2005, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff described the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina as "probably the worst catastrophe or set of catastrophes", in the country's history, referring to the hurricane itself plus the flooding of New Orleans.

Even in 2010, debris remained in some coastal communities.

Florida, Bahamas, and Cuba

Hurricane Katrina first made landfall between Hallandale Beach and Aventura, Florida on August 25. The storm dropped heavy rainfall in portions of the Miami metropolitan area, with a peak total of 16.43 in (417 mm) in Perrine. As a result, local flooding occurred in Miami-Dade County, damaging approximately 100 homes. Farther south in the Florida Keys, a tornado was spawned in Marathon on August 26. The tornado damaged a hangar at the airport there and caused an estimated $5 million in damage. The rains caused flooding, and the combination of rains and winds downed trees and power lines, leaving 1.45 million people without power. Damage in South Florida was estimated at $523 million, mostly as a result of crop damage. Twelve deaths occurred in South Florida, of which three were caused by downed trees in Broward County, three from drowning in Miami-Dade County, three were from carbon monoxide poisoning caused by generators, one was due to a vehicle accident, one occurred during debris cleanup, and one was associated with a lack of electricity.

Significant impacts were also reported in the Florida Panhandle. Although Katrina moved ashore in Louisiana and Mississippi, its outer periphery produced a 5.37 ft (1.64 m) storm surge in Pensacola. High waves caused beach erosion and closed nearby roadways. There were five tornadoes in the northwestern portion of the state, though none of them caused significant damage. Throughout the Florida Panhandle, the storm resulted in an estimated $100 million in damage. There were two indirect fatalities from Katrina in Walton County as a result of a traffic accident. In the Florida Panhandle, 77,000 customers lost power. Overall, the hurricane killed 14 people and caused at least $623 million in damage.

Before striking South Florida, Katrina traversed the Bahamas as a tropical storm. However, minimal impact was reported, with only "fresh breezes" on various islands.

Although Hurricane Katrina stayed well to the north of Cuba, on August 28 it brought tropical-storm-force winds and rainfall of over 8 in (200 mm) to western regions of the island. Telephone and power lines were damaged and around 8,000 people were evacuated in the Pinar del Río Province. According to Cuban television reports the coastal town of Surgidero de Batabanó was 90% underwater.

On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall near Buras-Triumph, Louisiana, with 125 mph (200 km/h) winds, as a strong Category 3 hurricane. Although the storm surge to the east of the path of the eye in Mississippi was higher, a significant surge affected the Louisiana coast. The height of the surge is uncertain because of a lack of data, although a tide gauge in Plaquemines Parish indicated a storm tide in excess of 14 feet (4.3 m), and a 12-foot (3.7 m) storm surge was recorded in Grand Isle. The hurricane made its final landfall near the mouth of the Pearl River, with the eye straddling St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, and Hancock County, Mississippi, on the morning of August 29 at about 9:45 AM CST.

Hurricane Katrina also brought heavy rain to Louisiana, with 8-10 inches (200-250 mm) falling on a wide swath of the eastern part of the state. In the area around Slidell, the rainfall was even higher, and the highest rainfall recorded in the state was approximately 15 inches (380 mm). As a result of the rainfall and storm surge the level of Lake Pontchartrain rose and caused significant flooding along its northeastern shore, affecting communities from Slidell to Mandeville. Several bridges were destroyed, including the I-10 Twin Span Bridge connecting Slidell to New Orleans. Almost 900,000 people in Louisiana lost power as a result of Hurricane Katrina.

According to the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, in St. Bernard Parish, 81% (20,229) of the housing units were damaged. In St. Tammany Parish, 70% (48,792) were damaged and in Plaquemines Parish 80% (7,212) were damaged.

In addition, the combined effect of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita was the destruction of an estimated 562 square kilometres (217 sq mi) of coastal wetlands in Louisiana.

New Orleans

As the eye of Hurricane Katrina swept to the northeast, it subjected the city to hurricane conditions for hours. Although power failures prevented accurate measurement of wind speeds in New Orleans, there were a few measurements of hurricane-force winds; based on this information, the NHC concluded that much of the city likely experienced sustained winds of Category 1 or 2 hurricane strength.

Katrina's storm surge caused 53 levee breaches in the federally built levee system protecting metro New Orleans and the failure of the 40 Arpent Canal levee. Failures occurred in New Orleans and surrounding communities, especially St. Bernard Parish. The Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) breached its levees in approximately 20 places, flooding much of eastern New Orleans, most of St. Bernard Parish and the East Bank of Plaquemines Parish. The major levee breaches in the city included breaches at the 17th Street Canal levee, the London Avenue Canal, and the wide, navigable Industrial Canal, which left approximately 80% of the city flooded.

Most of the major roads traveling into and out of the city were damaged. The only major intact highway routes out of the city were the westbound Crescent City Connection and the Huey P. Long Bridge, as large portions of the I-10 Twin Span Bridge traveling eastbound towards Slidell, Louisiana had collapsed. Both the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway and the Crescent City Connection only carried emergency traffic. However, access to downtown New Orleans and the "shelter of last resort" at the Convention Center was never closed because River Road in Jefferson Parish and Leake Avenue and Tchoupitoulas Street in New Orleans were not flooded, and would have allowed access throughout the immediate post-storm emergency period.

Levee breaches in New Orleans also caused a significant number of deaths, with over 700 bodies recovered in New Orleans by October 23, 2005. Some survivors and evacuees reported seeing dead bodies lying in city streets and floating in still-flooded sections, especially in the east of the city. The advanced state of decomposition of many corpses, some of which were left in the water or sun for days before being collected, hindered efforts by coroners to identify many of the dead.

A U.S. coast guardsman searches for survivors in New Orleans in the Katrina aftermath.

The first deaths reported from the city were reported shortly before midnight on August 28, as three nursing home patients died during an evacuation to Baton Rouge, most likely from dehydration. An estimated 215 bodies were found in nursing homes and hospitals in New Orleans, the largest number being at Memorial Medical Center where 45 corpses were recovered. Some 200 patients at Charity Hospital were not evacuated until Friday, September 2, having been without power or fresh water for five days. While there were also early reports of fatalities amid mayhem at the Superdome, only six deaths were confirmed there, with four of these originating from natural causes, one from a drug overdose, and one a suicide. At the Convention Center, four bodies were recovered. One of the four is believed to be the result of a homicide.

There is evidence that many prisoners were abandoned in their cells during the storm, while the guards sought shelter. Hundreds of prisoners were later registered as "unaccounted for".

Mississippi

The Gulf coast of Mississippi suffered extremely severe damage from the impact of Hurricane Katrina on August 29, leaving 238 people dead, 67 missing, and billions of dollars in damage: bridges, barges, boats, piers, houses, and cars were washed inland. Katrina traveled up the entire state; as a result, all 82 counties in Mississippi were declared disaster areas for federal assistance, 47 for full assistance.

After making a brief initial landfall in Louisiana, Katrina had made its final landfall near the state line, and the eyewall passed over the cities of Bay St. Louis and Waveland as a Category 3 hurricane with sustained winds of 120 mph (190 km/h). Katrina's powerful right-front quadrant passed over the west and central Mississippi coast, causing a powerful 27-foot (8.2 m) storm surge, which penetrated 6 miles (10 km) inland in many areas and up to 12 miles (19 km) inland along bays and rivers; in some areas, the surge crossed Interstate 10 for several miles. Hurricane Katrina brought strong winds to Mississippi, which caused significant tree damage throughout the state. The highest unofficial reported wind gust recorded from Katrina was one of 135 mph (217 km/h) in Poplarville, in Pearl River County.

The storm also brought heavy rains with 8-10 inches (200-250 mm) falling in southwestern Mississippi and rain in excess of 4 inches (100 mm) falling throughout the majority of the state. Katrina caused eleven tornadoes in Mississippi on August 29, some of which damaged trees and power lines.

Battered by wind, rain and storm surge, some beachfront neighborhoods were completely leveled. Preliminary estimates by Mississippi officials calculated that 90% of the structures within half a mile of the coastline were completely destroyed, and that storm surges traveled as much as 6 miles (10 km) inland in portions of the state's coast. One apartment complex with approximately thirty residents seeking shelter inside collapsed. More than half of the 13 casinos in the state, which were floated on barges to comply with Mississippi land-based gambling laws, were washed hundreds of yards inland by waves.

A number of streets and bridges were washed away. On U.S. Highway 90 along the Mississippi Gulf Coast, two major bridges were completely destroyed: the Bay St. Louis-Pass Christian bridge, and the Biloxi- Ocean Springs bridge. In addition, the eastbound span of the I-10 bridge over the Pascagoula River estuary was damaged. In the weeks after the storm, with the connectivity of the coastal U.S. Highway 90 shattered, traffic traveling parallel to the coast was reduced first to State Road 11 (parallel to I-10) then to two lanes on the remaining I-10 span when it was opened.

All three coastal counties of the state were severely affected by the storm. Katrina's surge was the most extensive, as well as the highest, in the documented history of the United States; large portions of Hancock, Harrison, and Jackson counties were inundated by the storm surge, in all three cases affecting most of the populated areas. Surge covered almost the entire lower half of Hancock County, destroying the coastal communities of Clermont Harbor and Waveland, much of Bay St. Louis, and flowed up the Jourdan River, flooding Diamondhead and Kiln. In Harrison County, Pass Christian was completely inundated, along with a narrow strip of land to the east along the coast, which includes the cities of Long Beach and Gulfport; the flooding was more extensive in communities such as D'Iberville, which borders Back Bay. Biloxi, on a peninsula between the Back Bay and the coast, was particularly hard hit, especially the low-lying Point Cadet area. In Jackson County, storm surge flowed up the wide river estuary, with the combined surge and freshwater flooding cutting the county in half. Remarkably, over 90% of Pascagoula, the easternmost coastal city in Mississippi, and about 75 miles (120 km) east of Katrina's landfall near the Louisiana-Mississippi border was flooded from storm surge at the height of the storm. Other large Jackson County neighborhoods such as Porteaux Bay and Gulf Hills were severely damaged with large portions being completely destroyed, and St. Martin was hard hit; Ocean Springs, Moss Point, Gautier and Escatawpa also suffered major surge damage.

Mississippi Emergency Management Agency officials also recorded deaths in Forrest, Hinds, Warren, and Leake counties. Over 900,000 people throughout the state experienced power outages.

Southeast United States

Although Hurricane Katrina made landfall well to the west, Alabama and the Florida Panhandle were both affected by tropical-storm-force winds and a storm surge varying from 12 to 16 feet (3.7-4.9 m) around Mobile Bay, with higher waves on top. Sustained winds of 67 mph (108 km/h) were recorded in Mobile, Alabama, and the storm surge there was approximately 12 feet (3.7 m). The surge caused significant flooding several miles inland along Mobile Bay. Four tornadoes were also reported in Alabama. Ships, oil rigs, boats and fishing piers were washed ashore along Mobile Bay: the cargo ship M/V Caribbean Clipper and many fishing boats were grounded at Bayou La Batre.

An oil rig under construction along the Mobile River broke its moorings and floated 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northwards before striking the Cochrane Bridge just outside Mobile. No significant damage resulted to the bridge and it was soon reopened. The damage on Dauphin Island was severe, with the surge destroying many houses and cutting a new canal through the western portion of the island. An offshore oil rig also became grounded on the island. As in Mississippi, the storm surge caused significant beach erosion along the Alabama coastline. More than 600,000 people lost power in Alabama as a result of Hurricane Katrina and two people died in a traffic accident in the state. Residents in some areas, such as Selma, were without power for several days.

Eastern Arkansas received light rain from the passage of Katrina. Gusty winds downed some trees and power lines, though damage was minimal. Katrina also caused a number of power outages in many areas, with over 100,000 customers affected in Tennessee, primarily in the Memphis and Nashville areas.

Other U.S. states and Canada

In Kentucky, rainfall from Katrina compounded flooding from a storm that had moved through during the previous weekend. A 10-year-old girl drowned in Hopkinsville. Dozens of businesses were closed and several families evacuated due to rising floodwaters. As a result of the flooding, Kentucky Governor Ernie Fletcher declared three counties disaster areas and a statewide state of emergency. Additionally, wind gusts up to 72 mph (116 km/h) resulted in some damage. Downed trees and power lines were reported in several counties in western Kentucky, especially Calloway and Christian counties. Overall, more than 10,000 utility customers in western Kentucky experienced power outages. The remnants of Katrina spawned a tornado in Virginia, damaging at least 13 homes in Marshall. In addition, approximately 4,000 people lost electricity. Over 3 in (76 mm) of rain fell in portions of West Virginia, causing localized flooding in several counties. At least 103 homes and 7 buildings suffered some degree of water damage. A number of roads and bridges were inundated or washed out. The remnants of Katrina produced locally heavy precipitation in northeast Ohio, ranging from about 2 to 4 in (51 to 102 mm). Numerous streams and rivers overflowed their banks, forcing the closure of several roads, including Interstate 90 in Cleveland. Two deaths occurred due to a flood-related automobile accident in Huron County. Additionally, hundreds of homes and businesses suffered flood damage.

Katrina spawned five tornadoes in Pennsylvania, though none resulted in significant damage. Up to 5 in (130 mm) of rain fell in western New York. Gusty winds also left approximately 4,500 people in Buffalo without electricity. The remnants of Katrina brought 3 to 6 in (76 to 152 mm) of rain to portions of Massachusetts, causing flash flooding in Bristol and Plymouth counties. Several roads were closed due to floodwater inundation in Acushnet, Dartmouth, New Bedford, and Wareham, including Route 18 in New Bedford. Very minimal impact was reported in Rhode Island, with winds downing a tree and two electrical poles in the city of Warwick. In Vermont, 2.5 in (64 mm) of rain in Chittenden County caused cars to hydroplane on Interstate 89, resulting in many automobile accidents. The storm brought 3 to 5 in (76 to 127 mm) of precipitation to isolated areas of Maine and up to 9 in (230 mm) near Patten. Several roads were inundated or washed out by overflowing brooks and streams, including sections of U.S. Route 1 and Maine routes 11 and 159. Several structures and one parked vehicle were also affected by the waters. Wind gusts up to 60 mph (97 km/h) also impacted parts of Maine, felling trees and causing power outages in Bar Harbor, Blue Hill, Dover-Foxcroft, Sedgwick Ridge, and Sorrento.

In Canada, the remnants of Katrina brought rainfall amounts in excess of 3.94 in (100 mm) to many locations between the Niagara Peninsula and the Saint Lawrence River valley. Severe local flooding occurred in Quebec, forcing the evacuations of dozens of homes in some communities as rivers began overflowing their banks and sewage systems were becoming overwhelmed by the influx of precipitation. Inundated and washed out roads, including Route 138 along the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River, Route 172 north of Tadoussac, and Route 385 near Forestville left several communities isolated for at least a week.

Economic effects

The economic effects of the storm reached high levels. The Bush Administration sought $105 billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region, which did not account for damage to the economy caused by potential interruption of the oil supply, destruction of the Gulf Coast's highway infrastructure, and exports of commodities such as grain. Katrina damaged or destroyed 30 oil platforms and caused the closure of nine refineries; the total shut-in oil production from the Gulf of Mexico in the six-month period following Katrina was approximately 24% of the annual production and the shut-in gas production for the same period was about 18%. The forestry industry in Mississippi was also affected, as 1.3 million acres (5,300 km ²) of forest lands were destroyed. The total loss to the forestry industry from Katrina is calculated to rise to about $5 billion. Furthermore, hundreds of thousands of local residents were left unemployed. Before the hurricane, the region supported approximately one million non-farm jobs, with 600,000 of them in New Orleans. It is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may eventually exceed $150 billion. Forensic accountants were involved in the assessment of economic damages resulting from this catastrophe.

Katrina displaced over one million people from the central Gulf coast to elsewhere across the United States, becoming the largest diaspora in the history of the United States. Houston, Texas, had an increase of 35,000 people; Mobile, Alabama, gained over 24,000; Baton Rouge, Louisiana, over 15,000; and Hammond, Louisiana, received over 10,000, nearly doubling its size. Chicago, Illinois received over 6,000 people, the most of any non-southern city. By late January 2006, about 200,000 people were once again living in New Orleans, less than half of the pre-storm population. By July 1, 2006, when new population estimates were calculated by the U.S. Census Bureau, the state of Louisiana showed a population decline of 219,563 or 4.87%. Additionally, some insurance companies have stopped insuring homeowners in the area because of the high costs from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, or have raised homeowners' insurance premiums to cover their risk.

Environmental effects

Katrina also had a profound impact on the environment. The storm surge caused substantial beach erosion, in some cases completely devastating coastal areas. In Dauphin Island (a barrier island), approximately 90 mi (140 km) to the east of the point where the hurricane made landfall, the sand that comprised the island was transported across the island into the Mississippi Sound, pushing the island towards land. The storm surge and waves from Katrina also severely damaged the Chandeleur Islands, which had been affected by Hurricane Ivan the previous year. The US Geological Survey has estimated 217 sq mi (560 km ²) of land was transformed to water by the hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Before the storm, subsidence and erosion caused loss of land in the Louisiana wetlands and bayous. This, along with the canals built in the area, let Katrina keep more of its intensity when it struck. The lands that were lost were breeding grounds for marine mammals, brown pelicans, turtles, and fish, and migratory species such as redhead ducks. Overall, about 20% of the local marshes were permanently overrun by water as a result of the storm.

The damage from Katrina forced the closure of 16 National Wildlife Refuges. Breton National Wildlife Refuge lost half its area in the storm. As a result, the hurricane affected the habitats of sea turtles, Mississippi sandhill cranes, red-cockaded woodpeckers, and Alabama Beach mice.

Katrina produced massive tree loss along the Gulf Coast, particularly in Louisiana's Pearl River Basin and among bottomland hardwood forests. Before the storm, the standard mortality rate for the area's trees was 1.9%, but this interval increased to 20.5% by the end of 2006. Delayed mortality as an effect of the storm continued with rates up to 5% until 2011. This significant loss in biomass caused greater decay and an increase in carbon emissions. For example, by 2006 the decreased biomass in bottomland hardwood forests contributed an amount of carbon which equated to roughly 140% of the net annual U.S. carbon sink in forest trees.

The storm caused oil spills from 44 facilities throughout southeastern Louisiana, which resulted in over 7 million US gallons (26,000 m ³) of oil being leaked. Some spills were only a few hundred gallons and most were contained on-site, though some oil entered the ecosystem and residential areas. After a spill at the Murphy Oil refinery, for example, 1,800 homes were oiled in the towns of Chalmette and Meraux. Unlike Hurricane Ivan, no offshore oil spills were officially reported after Hurricane Katrina. However, Skytruth reported some signs of surface oil in the Gulf of Mexico.

Finally, as part of the cleanup effort, the floodwaters that covered New Orleans were pumped into Lake Pontchartrain, a process that took 43 days to complete. These residual waters contained a mix of raw sewage, bacteria, heavy metals, pesticides, toxic chemicals, and oil, which sparked fears in the scientific community of massive numbers of fish dying.

Reestablishing governance

U.S. Army Infantry on patrol in New Orleans in an area previously underwater, September 2005.

Shortly after the hurricane moved away on August 30, 2005, some residents of New Orleans who remained in the city began looting stores. Many were in search of food and water that were not available to them through any other means, as well as non-essential items. Additionally, there were reports of carjacking, murders, thefts, and rapes in New Orleans. Some sources later determined that many of the reports were inaccurate, greatly exaggerated or completely false, leading news agencies to print retractions.

Thousands of National Guard and federal troops were mobilized and sent to Louisiana, with 7,841 in the area on August 29, to a maximum of 46,838 on September 10. A number of local law enforcement agents from across the country were temporarily deputized by the state. "They have M16s and are locked and loaded. These troops know how to shoot and kill and I expect they will", Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco said. Congressman Bill Jefferson told ABC News: "There was shooting going on. There was sniping going on. Over the first week of September, law and order were gradually restored to the city." Several shootings occurred between police and New Orleans residents, some involving police misconduct; including an incident where police officers killed two unarmed civilians and seriously injured four others at Danziger Bridge. Five former police officers pleaded guilty to charges connected to the Danziger Bridge shootings in the aftermath of the hurricane. Six other former or existing officers appeared in court in June 2011.

Overall, a number of arrests were made throughout the affected area, including some near the New Orleans Convention Center. A temporary jail was constructed of chain link cages in the New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal, the city's main train station.

In West Virginia, where roughly 350 refugees were located, local officials took fingerprints to run criminal background checks on the refugees. The background checks found that 45% of the refugees had a criminal record of some nature, and that 22% had a violent criminal record. Media speculation fueled a popular perception that the displaced New Orleans residents brought a wave of crime into the communities where they relocated, however, detailed studies of crime statistics in these communities did not reveal a significant increase in violent crime.

Government response

President Bush stands with Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao and Secretary of Health and Human Services Mike Leavitt during a press conference from the Rose Garden, regarding the devastation along the Gulf Coast caused by Katrina.

Within the United States and as delineated in the National Response Plan, disaster response and planning is first and foremost a local government responsibility. When local government exhausts its resources, it then requests specific additional resources from the county level. The request process proceeds similarly from the county to the state to the federal government as additional resource needs are identified. Many of the problems that arose developed from inadequate planning and back-up communication systems at various levels.

Of the 60,000 people stranded in New Orleans, the Coast Guard rescued more than 33,500. Congress recognized the Coast Guard's response with an official entry in the Congressional Record, and the Armed Service was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation.

The United States Northern Command established Joint Task Force (JTF) Katrina based out of Camp Shelby, Mississippi, to act as the military's on-scene response on Sunday, August 28, with US Army Lieutenant General Russel L. Honoré as commander. Approximately 58,000 National Guard personnel were activated to deal with the storm's aftermath, with troops coming from all 50 states. The Department of Defense also activated volunteer members of the Civil Air Patrol.

Michael Chertoff, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, decided to take over the federal, state, and local operations officially on August 30, 2005, citing the National Response Plan. This was refused by Governor Blanco who indicated that her National Guard could manage. Early in September, Congress authorized a total of $62.3 billion in aid for victims. Additionally, President Bush enlisted the help of former presidents Bill Clinton and George H. W. Bush to raise additional voluntary contributions, much as they did after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. American flags were also ordered to be half-staff from September 2, 2005, to September 20, 2005, in honor of the victims.

FEMA provided housing assistance (rental assistance, trailers, etc.) to more than 700,000 applicants-families and individuals. However, only one-fifth of the trailers requested in Orleans Parish were supplied, resulting in an enormous housing shortage in the city of New Orleans. Many local areas voted to not allow the trailers, and many areas had no utilities, a requirement prior to placing the trailers. To provide for additional housing, FEMA has also paid for the hotel costs of 12,000 individuals and families displaced by Katrina through February 7, 2006, when a final deadline was set for the end of hotel cost coverage. After this deadline, evacuees were still eligible to receive federal assistance, which could be used towards either apartment rent, additional hotel stays, or fixing their ruined homes, although FEMA no longer paid for hotels directly. As of March 30, 2010, there were still 260 families living in FEMA-provided trailers in Louisiana and Mississippi.

Law enforcement and public safety agencies, from across the United States, provided a " mutual aid" response to Louisiana and New Orleans in the weeks following the disaster. Many agencies responded with manpower and equipment from as far away as California, Michigan, Nevada, New York, and Texas. This response was welcomed by local Louisiana authorities as their staff were either becoming fatigued, stretched too thin, or even quitting from the job.

Two weeks after the storm, more than half of the states were involved in providing shelter for evacuees. By four weeks after the storm, evacuees had been registered in all 50 states and in 18,700 zip codes-half of the nation's residential postal zones. Most evacuees had stayed within 250 miles (400 km), but 240,000 households went to Houston and other cities over 250 miles (400 km) away and another 60,000 households went over 750 miles (1,200 km) away.

Criticism of government response

USNS Comfort takes on supplies at Mayport, Florida, en route to the Gulf Coast.

The criticisms of the government's response to Hurricane Katrina primarily consisted of criticism of mismanagement and lack of leadership in the relief efforts in response to the storm and its aftermath. More specifically, the criticism focused on the delayed response to the flooding of New Orleans, and the subsequent state of chaos in the city. The neologism Katrinagate was coined to refer to this controversy, and was a runner-up for "2005 word of the year".

Within days of Katrina's August 29 landfall, public debate arose about the local, state and federal governments' role in the preparations for and response to the hurricane. Criticism was initially prompted by televised images of visibly shaken and frustrated political leaders, and of residents who remained stranded by floodwaters without water, food, or shelter. Deaths from thirst, exhaustion and violence days after the storm had passed fueled the criticism, as did the dilemma of the evacuees at facilities such as the Louisiana Superdome and the New Orleans Civic Center. Some alleged that race, class, and other factors could have contributed to delays in government response. For example, during A Concert for Hurricane Relief, a benefit concert for victims of the hurricane, rapper Kanye West veered off script and harshly criticized the government's response to the crisis, stating that "George Bush doesn't care about black people."

In accordance with federal law, President George W. Bush directed the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, Michael Chertoff, to coordinate the Federal response. Chertoff designated Michael D. Brown, head of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as the Principal Federal Official to lead the deployment and coordination of all federal response resources and forces in the Gulf Coast region. However, the President and Secretary Chertoff initially came under harsh criticism for what some perceived as a lack of planning and coordination. Brown claimed that Governor Blanco resisted their efforts and was unhelpful. Governor Blanco and her staff disputed this. Eight days later, Brown was recalled to Washington and Coast Guard Vice Admiral Thad W. Allen replaced him as chief of hurricane relief operations. Three days after the recall, Michael D. Brown resigned as director of FEMA in spite of having received recent praise from President Bush.

Politicians, activists, pundits, and journalists also directed criticism at the local and state governments headed by Mayor Nagin of New Orleans and Louisiana Governor Blanco. Nagin and Blanco were criticized for failing to implement New Orleans's evacuation plan and for ordering residents to a shelter of last resort without any provisions for food, water, security, or sanitary conditions. Perhaps the most important criticism of Nagin was that he delayed his emergency evacuation order until 19 hours before landfall, which led to hundreds of deaths of people who could not find any way out of the city.

The destruction wrought by Hurricane Katrina raised other, more general public policy issues about emergency management, environmental policy, poverty, and unemployment. The discussion of both the immediate response and of the broader public policy issues may have affected elections and legislation enacted at various levels of government. The storm's devastation also prompted a Congressional investigation, which found that FEMA and the Red Cross "did not have a logistics capacity sophisticated enough to fully support the massive number of Gulf coast victims". Additionally, it placed responsibility for the disaster on all three levels of government. An ABC News poll conducted on September 2, 2005, showed more blame was being directed at state and local governments (75%) than at the Federal government (67%), with 44% blaming Bush's leadership directly. A later CNN/ USAToday/ Gallup poll showed that respondents disagreed widely on who was to blame for the problems in the city following the hurricane-13% said Bush, 18% said federal agencies, 25% blamed state or local officials and 38% said no one was to blame.

International response

United States Navy personnel unload Canadian relief supplies from a Royal Canadian Air Force transport aircraft in Pensacola, Florida.

Over seventy countries pledged monetary donations or other assistance. Cuba and Venezuela (both considered as hostile to US government interest) were the first countries to offer assistance, pledging over $1 million, several mobile hospitals, water treatment plants, canned food, bottled water, heating oil, 1,100 doctors and 26.4 metric tons of medicine, though this aid was rejected by the U.S. government. Kuwait made the largest single pledge, $500 million; other large donations were made by Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (each $100 million), South Korea ($30 million), Australia ($10 million), India, China (both $5 million), New Zealand ($2 million), Pakistan ($1.5 million), Norway ($1.8 million), and Bangladesh ($1 million).

India sent tarps, blankets, and hygiene kits. An Indian Air Force IL-76 aircraft delivered 25 tonnes of relief supplies for the Hurricane Katrina victims at the Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas, on September 13, 2005.

Countries like Sri Lanka, which was still recovering from the Indian Ocean Tsunami, also offered to help. Canada, Mexico, Singapore, and Germany sent supplies, relief personnel (like Technisches Hilfswerk), troops, ships and water pumps to aid in the disaster recovery. Belgium sent in a team of relief personnel. The United Kingdom's donation of 350,000 emergency meals did not reach victims because of laws regarding mad cow disease.

Russia's initial offer of two jets was declined by the U.S. State Department but accepted later. The French offer was also declined and requested later.

Non-governmental organization response

The American Red Cross, America's Second Harvest (now known as Feeding America), Southern Baptist Convention, Salvation Army, Oxfam, Common Ground Collective, Burners Without Borders, Emergency Communities, Habitat for Humanity, Catholic Charities, Direct Relief, Service International, "A River of Hope", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and many other charitable organizations provided aid to victims in the aftermath of the storm. They were not allowed into New Orleans proper by the National Guard for several days after the storm because of safety concerns. These organizations raised US$4.25 billion in donations from the public, with the Red Cross receiving over half of these donations. Some smaller organizations and individuals ignored the access restrictions and provided early relief. For example, two privately chartered planes from FasterCures evacuated 200 patients from Charity Hospital in New Orleans.

Volunteers from the Amateur Radio Emergency Service provided communications in areas where the communications infrastructure had been damaged or totally destroyed, relaying everything from 911 traffic to messages home. In Hancock County, Mississippi, ham radio operators provided the only communications into or out of the area and even served as 911 dispatchers.

Many private corporations also contributed to relief efforts. On September 13, 2005, it was reported that corporate donations amounted to $409 million, and were expected to exceed $1 billion.

During and after the Hurricanes Katrina, Wilma and Rita, the American Red Cross had opened 1,470 shelters and registered 3.8 million overnight stays. None were allowed in New Orleans, however. A total of 244,000 Red Cross workers (95% of which were non-paid volunteers) were utilized throughout these three hurricanes. In addition, 346,980 comfort kits (including such basic necessities as toothpaste, soap, washcloths, and toys for children) and 205,360 cleanup kits (containing brooms, mops, and bleach) were distributed. For mass care, the organization served 68 million snacks and meals to victims of the disasters and to rescue workers. The Red Cross also had its Disaster Health services meet 596,810 contacts, and Disaster Mental Health services met 826,590 contacts. Red Cross emergency financial assistance was provided to 1.4 million families. Hurricane Katrina was the first natural disaster in the United States in which the American Red Cross utilized its "Safe and Well" family location website.

Direct Relief provided a major response in the Gulf states so health providers could treat the local patients and evacuees. Direct Relief furnished $10 million in medical material aid and cash grants to support clinics and health centers in the area.

In the year following Katrina's strike on the Gulf Coast, The Salvation Army allocated donations of more than $365 million to serve more than 1.7 million people in nearly every state. The organization's immediate response to Hurricane Katrina included more than 5.7 million hot meals and about 8.3 million sandwiches, snacks, and drinks served in and around New Orleans. Its SATERN network of amateur radio operators picked up where modern communications left off to help locate more than 25,000 survivors. Salvation Army pastoral care counselors were on hand to comfort the emotional and spiritual needs of 277,000 individuals. As part of the overall effort, Salvation Army officers, employees, and volunteers contributed more than 900,000 hours of service.

Analysis of New Orleans levee failures

View of the eyewall of Hurricane Katrina taken on August 28, 2005, as seen from a NOAA WP-3D hurricane hunter aircraft before the storm made landfall on the United States Gulf Coast

According to a modeling exercise conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), two-thirds of the deaths in Greater New Orleans were due to levee and flood wall failure. On April 5, 2006, months after independent investigators had demonstrated that levee failures were not caused by natural forces beyond intended design strength, Lieutenant General Carl Strock, chief of engineers and commander of the Corps of Engineers, testified before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Energy and Water that "We have now concluded we had problems with the design of the structure."

A June 2007 report released by the American Society of Civil Engineers determined that the failures of the levees and flood walls in New Orleans were found to be primarily the result of system design and construction flaws. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers had been federally mandated in the Flood Control Act of 1965 with responsibility for the conception, design, and construction of the region's flood-control system. All of the major studies in the aftermath of Katrina concluded that the USACE was responsible for the failure of the levees. This was primarily attributed to a decision to use shorter steel sheet pilings during construction in an effort to save money. According to a report published in August 2015 in the official journal of the World Water Council, the Corps misinterpreted the results of a 1985 study and wrongly concluded that sheet piles in the flood walls needed to be driven to depths of only 17 feet (5 m) instead of between 31 and 46 feet (9 and 14 m). That decision saved approximately US$100 million, but significantly reduced overall engineering reliability.

In January 2008, Judge Stanwood Duval of the U.S. District Court ruled that despite the Corps' role in the flooding, the agency could not be held financially liable because of sovereign immunity in the Flood Control Act of 1928. Exactly ten years after Katrina, J. David Rogers, lead author of a new report in the official journal of the World Water Council, concluded that the flooding during Katrina "could have been prevented had the corps retained an external review board to double-check its flood-wall designs".

Other factors may have contributed to the flooding. According to the authors of Catastrophe in the Making (Island Press, 2009), the straight design and lack of outward flow into the Gulf allowed the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Canal to become "the perfect shortcut for salt-water intrusion" which damaged buffering cypress forests and wetlands which historically had protected New Orleans from storm surge. The Army Corps of Engineers built and maintained the canal. Furthermore, according to storm surge researcher Hassan Mashriqui:

Storm surge pushing across shallow Lake Borgne from the east is constrained by these MRGO levees to the south and, to the north, by the long-standing levees of the Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW). Initially ten or more miles apart, these two channels meet, and when they do, the water building between their levees is squeezed into a single channel - the Funnel - only 260 yards wide, constrained by levees 14 feet to 16 feet high....In concert with the denuded marshes, it could increase the local storm surge hitting the Intracoastal Waterway by 20 percent to 40 percent - a critical and fundamental flaw.

View of flooded New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

The Corps of Engineers disputes these causalities. Nonetheless, in June 2008, the Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District submitted a Deep-Draft De-authorization Study of the MRGO which stated that "an economic evaluation of channel navigation use does not demonstrate a Federal interest in continued operation and maintenance of the channel." Congress ordered the MRGO closed as a direct result.

Many of the levees have been reconstructed since Katrina. In reconstructing them, precautions were taken to bring the levees up to modern building code standards and to ensure their safety. For example, in every situation possible, the Corps of Engineers replaced I-walls with T-walls, which have a horizontal concrete base that protects against soil erosion underneath the flood walls.

Media involvement

Many representatives of the news media reporting on the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina became directly involved in the unfolding events, instead of simply reporting. Because of the loss of most means of communication, such as land-based and cellular telephone systems, field reporters in many cases became conduits for information between victims and authorities. The authorities, who monitored local and network news broadcasts, as well as internet sites, would then attempt to coordinate rescue efforts based on the reports. One illustration was when Geraldo Rivera of Fox News tearfully pleaded for authorities to either send help or evacuate the thousands of evacuees stranded at the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center. The role of AM radio was also of importance to the hundreds of thousands of persons with no other ties to news, providing emergency information regarding access to assistance for hurricane victims. Immediately after Katrina, WWL-AM was one of the few area radio stations in the area remaining on the air. This emergency service, simulcasted on shortwave outlet WHRI, was named " United Radio Broadcasters of New Orleans". Their ongoing nighttime broadcasts continued to be available up to 500 mi (800 km) away. Announcers continued to broadcast from improvised studio facilities after the storm damaged their main studios. The cellular phone antenna network was severely damaged and completely inoperable for several months.

The storm also brought a dramatic rise in the role of websites-especially blogging and community journalism. One example was the effort of NOLA.com, the web affiliate of New Orleans's Times-Picayune. A group of reporters were awarded the Breaking News Pulitzer Prize and shared the Public Service Pulitzer with the Biloxi-based . The newspaper's coverage was carried for days only on NOLA's blogs, as the newspaper lost its presses and evacuated its building as water rose around it on August 30. The site became an international focal point for news by local media, and also became a vital link for rescue operations and later for reuniting scattered residents, as it accepted and posted thousands of individual pleas for rescue on its blogs and forums. NOLA was monitored constantly by an array of rescue teams-from individuals to the Coast Guard-which used information in rescue efforts. Much of this information was relayed from trapped victims via the SMS functions of their cell phones, to friends and relatives outside the area, who then relayed the information back to NOLA.com. The aggregation of community journalism, user photos, and the use of the internet site as a collaborative response to the storm attracted international attention and was called a watershed moment in journalism. In the wake of these online-only efforts, the Pulitzer Committee for the first time opened all its categories to online entries.

As the U.S. military and rescue services regained control over the city, there were restrictions on the activity of the media. On September 9, the military leader of the relief effort announced that reporters would have "zero access" to efforts to recover bodies in New Orleans. Immediately following this announcement, CNN filed a lawsuit and obtained a temporary restraining order against the ban. The next day the government backed down and reversed the ban.

In September 2022, the Associated Press issued a style guide change to Katrina stating that reporters when writing about the storm in New Orleans should note that "...levee failures played a major role in the devastation in New Orleans. In some stories, that can be as simple as including a phrase about Hurricane Katrina's catastrophic levee failures and flooding...."

Retirement of name

Because of the large death toll and destruction of property along the Gulf Coast, the name Katrina was officially retired on April 6, 2006, by the World Meteorological Organization at the request of the U.S. government. The name will never again be used for another North Atlantic hurricane. It was replaced by Katia on List III of the Atlantic hurricane naming lists, which was used in the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season.

Studies concerning post-Katrina victims

An article published in the Community Mental Health Journal from January 2016 revealed information about a recent study on the psychosocial needs of Hurricane Katrina evacuees that temporarily resided in Dallas, Texas. More than one-fourth of the sample met the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). About one-third of the individuals received a referral to mental health services for meeting symptom criteria for incident MDD and PTSD.

In a study published in Maternal and Child Health Journal, five to seven years after the disaster, 308 New Orleans pregnant women were interviewed about their exposure to Katrina. Researchers found that there were associations between experiencing damage during Katrina and birthweight, thus researchers concluded that natural disasters may have long-term effects on pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, it was concluded that women who are most vulnerable to disaster may be more vulnerable to poor pregnancy outcome.

From a September 2015 journal of Current Psychology, a study examined the attitudes of older, long-term residents of Baton Rouge, Louisiana toward displaced newcomers to their community. After using multiple tests, analyses, and descriptive statistics, the study suggested residents grew to become more patient, tolerant, and friendly towards newcomers. The study also suggests, however, that residents felt more fearful and suspicious of the evacuees, as well as the fact that they were being taken advantage of more.

Reconstruction

Reconstruction of each section of the southern portion of Louisiana has been addressed in the Army Corps LACPR (Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration) Final Technical Report, which identifies areas to not be rebuilt and areas where buildings need to be elevated.

The Technical Report includes:

locations of possible new levees to be built

suggested existing levee modifications

"Inundation Zones", "Water depths less than 14 feet, Raise-In-Place of Structures", "Water depths greater than 14 feet, Buyout of Structures", "Velocity Zones" and "Buyout of Structures" areas for five different scenarios.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers submitted the report to the U.S. Congress for consideration, planning, and response in mid-2009.

Katrina is the costliest tropical cyclone on record, tying with Hurricane Harvey in 2017. The storm was the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record to make landfall in the contiguous United States, behind the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, Hurricane Camille in 1969, and Hurricane Michael in 2018. Katrina was also the earliest eleventh named storm in the Atlantic until Tropical Storm Kyle surpassed it on August 14, 2020, beating Katrina by 10 days, as it was named on August 24, 2005.

Other similar tropical cyclones

References

1. ^ Richard D. Knobby; Jamie R. Rhome; Daniel P. Brown. "Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Katrina" (PDF). National Hurricane Center.

2. Charles F. Anderson, Jurjen A. Battjes; et al. (2007). "The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why" ^ (PDF) Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved July 25, 2016.

3. ^ United States Congress (February 19, 2006). A Failure of Initiative: Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina (PDF). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2009.

4. ^ Knabb, Richard D.; Rhome, Jamie R.; Brown, Daniel P. (January 4, 2023). ""Tropical Cyclone Report, Hurricane Katrina 23-30 August 2005" (PDF)" (PDF). NOAA.GOV.

5. ^ Schleifstein, Mark (January 14, 2023). ""How many people died in Hurricane Katrina? Toll reduce 17 years later"". The Advocate.

6. ^ Knabb, Richard D; Rhome, Jamie R; Brown, Daniel P; National Hurricane Center (December 20, 2005). Hurricane Katrina: August 23-30, 2005 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.

7. ^ Blanco, Kathleen (August 28, 2005). Governor Blanco asks President to Declare an Emergency for the State of Louisiana due to Hurricane Katrina (PDF) (Report). Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Government of the State of Louisiana. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2012.

8. ^ "Hurricane Katrina Probabilities Report Number 15". Archived February 20, 2006, at the Wayback Machine and Hurricane Katrina Probabilities "Report Number 21". Archived February 20, 2006, at the Wayback Machine National Hurricane Center. August 26, 2005. Retrieved on June 5, 2006.

9. Staff Writer. ^ "Katrina Heads for New Orleans". Archived August 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Fox News/Associated Press. August 29, 2005. Retrieved on June 5, 2006.

10. ^ Diary From the Dome is a 2008 memoir written by a tourist who was stuck inside the Superdome during Katrina and the levee failures. It offers an overview of the conditions inside the stadium as well as a critique of the media's coverage of the disaster.

11. Brunkard, Joan; Namulanda, Gonza; Ratard, Raoult (August 28, 2008). "Hurricane Katrina deaths, Louisiana, 2005". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2 (4): 215-223. doi:10.1097/DMP.0b013e31818aaf55. PMID 18756175.

12. ^ Reports of Missing and Deceased (Report). Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. August 2, 2006. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012.

13. ^ Hurricane Katrina Service Assessment Report (PDF). National Weather Service (Report). Silver Spring, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2013.

14. Devenas, Andy ^ "Marathon Tornado Survey Report". National Weather Service Forecast Office Key West, Florida Retrieved on June 5, 2006.

15. Associated Press, "Katrina at a Glance" (August 31, 2005), page 4A, ^ Mobile Register, web: MobileRegister-083105-PDF Archived October 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.

16. Rosenzweig, C., G. Casassa, D.J. Karoly, A. Imeson, C. Liu, A. Menzel, S. Rawlins, T.L. Root, B. Seguin, P. Tryjanowski. (2007). "Assessment of observed changes and responses in natural and managed systems. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability". Chapter 1 in ^ Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. (url : http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter1.pdf Archived March 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine). p. 92. Accessed December 19, 2011.

17. Transcript from, ^ The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. "Hurricane Damages Gulf Coast". Archived January 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine . August 29, 2005. Retrieved on June 5, 2006.

18. Mowbray, Rebecca. ^ "Evacuations to hotels come with own set of hazards". Archived July 1, 2009, at the Portuguese Web Archive Times-Picayune. August 30, 2005. Retrieved on June 5, 2006.

19. ^ Davis, Robert; Johnson, Kevin (October 17, 2005). "La. looks into 215 Katrina deaths - Inquiry includes euthanasia report". USA Today. Arlington, VA.

20. ^ Abandoned & Abused: Report on the effects of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans Prisons (PDF) Archived March 26, 2016, at the Wayback Machine ([1] Archived March 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine), American Civil Liberties Union, August 9, 2006. Retrieved November 28, 2012.

21. ^ Federal Emergency Management Agency (November 2005). "Mississippi Hurricane Katrina Surge Inundation and Advisory Base Flood Elevation Map Panel Overview" (PDF). FEMA. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 20, 2015.

22. ^ Canadian Tropical Cyclone Season Summary for 2005 (Report). Gatineau, Quebec: Environment Canada. January 15, 2014. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015.

23. Fagot, Caryl; Winbush, Debra. ^ "Hurricane Katrina/Hurricane Rita Evacuation and Production Shut-in Statistics Report as of Wednesday, February 22, 2006". Archived May 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine U.S. Government Minerals Management Service. Archived November 26, 2005, at the Wayback Machine February 22, 2006. Retrieved on June 5, 2006.

24. Anthony E. Ladd, John Marszalek, and Duane A. Gill. ^ The Other Diaspora: New Orleans Student Evacuation Impacts and Responses Surrounding Hurricane Katrina. Retrieved on April 14, 2010.

25. ^ United States Geological Survey (September 14, 2005). "Daupin Island - Pre- and Post-Storm 3D Topography". Hurricane Katrina Impact Studies. USGS. Archived from the original on March 12, 2015.

26. ^ "USGS Reports Latest Land Change Estimates for Louisiana Coast", USGS National Wetlands Research Center, Oct 3, 2006 Archived May 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, accessed May 7, 2008.

27. ^ Tidwell, Mike (2006). The Ravaging Tide: Strange Weather, Future Katrinas, and the Coming Death of America's Coastal Cities. Free Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-7432-9470-6. The Ravaging Tide: Strange Weather, Future Katrinas, and the Coming Death of America's Coastal Cities book.

28. United States Fish and Wildlife Service (September 9, 2005). "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Conducting Initial Damage Assessments to Wildlife and National Wildlife Refuges". USFWS. Archived from the original on October 29, 2005.

29. ^ Chapman, Elise (2008). "Hurricane Katrina Impacts on Forest Trees of Louisiana's Pearl River Basin". Forest Ecology and Management. 256 (5): 883-889. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.05.057.

30. ^ Henkel, Theryn (2016). "Delayed Tree Mortality and Chinese Tallow Explosion in Louisiana Bottomland Hardwood Forest Following Hurricane Katrina". Forest Ecology and Management. 378: 222-232. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.036.

31. ^ Chambers, Jeffrey Q.; Fisher, Jeremy I.; Zeng, Hongcheng; Chapman, Elise L.; Baker, David B.; Hurtt, George C. (January 1, 2007). "Hurricane Katrina's Carbon Footprint on U.S. Gulf Coast Forests". Science. 318 (5853): 1107. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1107C. doi:10.1126/science.1148913. JSTOR 20051600. PMID 18006740. S2CID 477946.

32. ^ "Hurricane Katrina : Aug 31: Looting in Mississippi". KLRT. Little Rock, Arkansas. August 31, 2005.

33. ^ Verano, Paul (January 1, 2010). "A Tale of Three Cities: Crime and Displacement after Hurricane Katrina". Journal of Criminal Justice. 38: 42-50. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.11.006. Archived from the original on September 13, 2015.

34. ^ Settles, Tanya; Lindsay, Bruce (August 23, 2010). "Crime in post-Katrina Houston: the effects of moral panic on emergency planning". Disasters. 35 (1): 200-219. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01200.x. PMID 20735458.

35. ^ United States Government Accountability Office (July 2006). Coast Guard: Observations on the Preparation, Response, and Recovery Missions Related to Hurricane Katrina (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 1, 2006.

36. California Political Desk. ^ "Pelosi: Davis Report on Katrina Leaves Unfinished Business". Archived October 27, 2006, at the Wayback Machine California Chronicle. Archived June 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine February 15, 2006. Retrieved on June 5, 2006.

37. ^ Times-Picayune, September 26, 2005, page A-12. Retrieved on June 5, 2006.

38. Staff Writer. ^ "U.S. Grateful for Pakistan's Assistance for Hurricane Katrina Victims". Embassy of the United States. September 8, 2005. Retrieved on April 14, 2010.

39. ^ Staff Writer (September 16, 2005). "ARRL President Submits Congressional Testimony on Hams' Katrina Response". 24 (36). American Radio Relay League. Archived from the original on December 21, 2010.

40. ^ "Hurricane Season 2005: Facts and Figures". American Red Cross. September 29, 2006. Archived from the original on May 1, 2006.

41. Charles F. Anderson, Jurjen A. Battjes; et al. (2007). "The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why" ^ (PDF) Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved July 25, 2016.

42. ^ Heerden, Ivor van; Bryan, Mike (May 18, 2006). The Storm: What Went Wrong and Why During Hurricane Katrina - the Inside Story from One Louisiana Scientist. Penguin. ISBN 9781101201701. Archived from the original on April 28, 2016 - via Google Books.

43. ^ Burdeau, Cain (February 12, 2008). "White House Budget for Levee Work Riles Many Louisiana Elected Officials". Associated Press.

44. ^ ""Hurricane Tropical Guide". AP Stylebook The Associated Press". The Associated Press. September 27, 2022.

45. ^ King, Richard V.; Polatin, Peter B.; Hogan, David; Downs, Dana L.; North, Carol S. (January 1, 2016). "Needs Assessment of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees Residing Temporarily in Dallas". Community Mental Health Journal. 52 (1): 18-24. doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9938-5. ISSN 1573-2789. PMID 26507550. S2CID 9817578.

46. ^ Harville, Emily W.; Giarratano, Gloria; Savage, Jane; Barcelona de Mendoza, Veronica; Zotkiewicz, TrezMarie (November 1, 2015). "Birth Outcomes in a Disaster Recovery Environment: New Orleans Women After Katrina". Maternal and Child Health Journal. 19 (11): 2512-2522. doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1772-4. ISSN 1573-6628. PMC . PMID 26122255.

47. ^ Kamo, Yoshinori; Henderson, Tammy L.; Roberto, Karen A.; Peabody, Kimberly L.; White, Jamikka K. (August 2, 2015). "Perceptions of Older Adults in a Community Accepting Displaced Survivors of Hurricane Katrina". Current Psychology. 34 (3): 551-563. doi:10.1007/s12144-015-9356-4. ISSN 1046-1310. S2CID 146488181.

48. ^ United States Army Corps of Engineers (2009). "The LACPR Home Page". United States Army. Archived from the original on August 25, 2009.

49. ^ "Continental United States Hurricanes (Detailed Description)". United States Hurricane Research Division. June 2020.

Further reading

Augustson, Alan (August 31, 2008). Bernstein, Jonathan (ed.). "Katrina: Three Years Later, The Lessons We Haven't Learned". Crisis Manager. Bernstein Crisis Management. ISSN 1528-3836.

Brennan, Virginia (2009). Natural Disasters and Public Health: Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9199-1.

Center for Public Integrity, ed. (2007). City Adrift: New Orleans Before and After Katrina. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-3284-5.

Dyson, Michael Eric (2006). Come Hell or High Water: Hurricane Katrina and the Color of Disaster. New York: Perseus Books Group. ISBN 978-0-465-01761-4.

Eyerman, Ron (2015). Is This America? Katrina as Cultural Trauma. The Katrina Bookshelf. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9781477303689. OCLC 900609113.

Harris, Paul (2008). Diary From the Dome. New York: Vantage Press. ASIN B003M69KSC.

Hartman, Chester; Squires, Gregory D., eds. (2006). There Is No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster: Race, Class, and Hurricane Katrina. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-95487-7.

Hirsch, Arnold R. "Fade to black: Hurricane Katrina and the disappearance of Creole New Orleans." Journal of American History 94.3 (2007): 752-761. https://doi.org/10.2307/25095136

Horowitz, Andy. Katrina: A History, 1915-2015 (Harvard University Press, 2020), long-term scholarly perspective.

Camden Burd, "How To Plan A Disaster: Politics, Nature, and Hurricane Katrina" Reviews in American History (2021) 49#2 pp. 303-309 doi:10.1353/rah.2021.0030 online review

Robinson, Sue. "A chronicle of chaos: Tracking the news story of Hurricane Katrina from The Times-Picayune to its website". Journalism 10.4 (2009): 431-450 online.

Rosenthal, Sandy. Words Whispered in Water: Why the Levees Broke in Hurricane Katrina (Mango, 2020), non-fiction account of author's battle to expose Army Corps of Engineers.

Saint-Saens, Alain (2010). Ordeal at the Superdome. Escaping Katrina's Wrath. New Orleans: University Press of the South. ISBN 978-1-889431-87-1.

Scott, Cathy (2008). Pawprints of Katrina: Pets Saved and Lessons Learned. Hoboken: Howell Book House. ISBN 978-0-470-22851-7.

Spielman, David G. (2007). Katrinaville Chronicles: Images and Observations from a New Orleans Photographer. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-3252-4.

Taylor, William M., ed. (2015). The "Katrina Effect": On the Nature of Catastrophe. London; New York: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781472595164. OCLC 893894307.

Usher, Nikki. "Recovery from disaster: How journalists at the New Orleans Times-Picayune understand the role of a post-Katrina newspaper". Journalism Practice 3.2 (2009): 216-232.

External links

Disaster recovery:

Images:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hurricane Katrina was a devastating Category 5 Atlantic hurricane that caused 1,836 fatalities and damage estimated between $97.4 billion to $145.5 billion in late August 2005, particularly in the city of New Orleans and its surrounding area. At the time, it was the costliest tropical cyclone on record, later tied by Hurricane Harvey of 2017.

# data[].attributes.body
Hurricane Katrina

add
king cake info

Michael Matuza
6m
king cake info
The name “king cake” comes from the Biblical story of the three kings who bring gifts to Baby Jesus. A blend of coffee cake and cinnamon roll, king cake is usually iced in yellow, green and purple – the colors of Mardi Gras -- and is, indeed, a heavenly treat for New Orleanians when it appears in supermarkets and bakeries between early January and Ash Wednesday. Frequently packed with fruit fillings, king cakes also contain a surprise. Hidden in its interior is a small plastic baby. Whoever finds it must either bring the next cake or throw a party, thus sparking an unending round of food or fun. And while we hold firm to our belief that king cakes taste best in New Orleans, don’t fret if you aren’t here during Carnival. Several bakeries offer fast delivery anywhere in the United States.
 Your avatar

Add comment
new orleans flag

Michael Matuza
11m
new orleans flag
click on the flag to see the full flag
1 comment

Aster Oh 10m
nice
Your avatar

Add comment
how strong hurricane katrina was.

Aster Oh
10m
how strong hurricane katrina was.
hurricane katrina was so strong that it destrroid more then 100 feet

 Your avatar

Add comment
hurricane Katrina facts

Michael Matuza
10d
hurricane Katrina facts
Hurricane Katrina was the largest and 3rd strongest hurricane ever recorded to make landfall in the US. In New Orleans, the levees were designed for Category 3, but Katrina peaked at a Category 5 hurricane, with winds up to 175 mph.
 Your avatar

Add comment
hurricane katrina -wikipedia

Cadence Park
10d
hurricane katrina -wikipedia
 Your avatar

Add comment
new orleans cemetary

Michael Matuza
10d
new orleans cemetary
1 comment

Cadence Park 6m
st.Louis Cemetry no.1
Your avatar

Add comment
 Mardi Gras Krewe

add
Mardi gras celebration

Calvin Osterman
1m
Mardi gras celebration
NEW ORLEANS, Louisiana — A toddler in a red wagon waves to the crowd. He is dressed as a shellfish.


This toddler's family marched in the Krewe of Confetti Kids parade. It is held every year during the Carnival season. Carnival is a Christian holiday. It is celebrated before Lent. Christians ask for forgiveness during Lent. Tuesday is the last and most exciting day of Carnival. It is called Fat Tuesday, or Mardi Gras.


Other children dressed as princesses, mermaids and firefighters. A band played for the crowd.



Dressing Up For Parades Is Family Fun

"I love Mardi Gras," said Virginia Strong. She is 7 years old. Virginia wore a 1950's-style polka-dot dress. Virginia said it is fun to dress up and have fun with her friends.


Many people think Carnival is a holiday for adults. And to be fair, that's certainlytrue in parts of New Orleans, Louisiana. In other areas, children and families are a big part of the fun. Many even say they're the heart and soul of the holiday. Children stand along the parade routes. Families spend weeks making costumes. There are even parades just for kids.




Image 2. Royal court troubadour Andrew Perret heralds the king and queen at the Little Rascals Mardi Gras Ball in Kenner, Lousiana. Photo by AP.


Ariana Maria Ybarra is a mother of two young girls. She said Carnival is a great time for families to be together. She and her children spend their weekends making costumes. They all go to parades together. "It's just wonderful," she said.


The largest of the children's parades is Little Rascals. It has floats and marching bands. There are even groups of dancers. Kids toss cups, beads, toys and snacks to the crowd.



Little Rascals Parade

This year, thousands of people watched the Little Rascals parade. The weather was rainy. Yet, even the bad weather didn't keep them away.


In New Orleans, kids are at all the Carnival parades. Families bring picnics. They watch parade after parade go by. The kids catch beads thrown by people on the floats.




Image 3. A member of the royal court adjusts the hat of Cason Stephens, 2, before the start of the Little Rascals Mardi Gras Ball in Kenner, Louisiana. Photo by AP.


The Spittler family started the Little Rascals parade in 1983. That was more than 30 years ago. 


Joshua Maurice is their great-grandson. He is 18 years old. He has been in every Little Rascals parade since he was born.


He said he is proud to carry on his family tradition.



Coming Back Year After Year

"I play with all the little kids, make them feel like they're a part of something," he said. "So that ... it's something that they're going to want to come back and do every year
 Your avatar

Add comment
Mardi Gras

John Mowry
1m
Mardi Gras
mardi gras is a big hoilday  it takes place 
 Your avatar

Add comment
Laffyette Cemetery No.1

Calvin Osterman
3m
Laffyette Cemetery No.1
 Your avatar

Add comment
Laffayette Cemetery No.2

Calvin Osterman
3m
Laffayette Cemetery No.2
 Your avatar

Add comment
there is a lot of rivers

John Mowry
10d
there is a lot of rivers
 Your avatar

Add comment
Ride the streetcars

Valentina Balducci
7m
 Ride the streetcars with the  jazzy pass, available via the new orleans rta's  
 Your avatar

Add comment
Louis Armstrong

Valentina Balducci
10d
Louis Armstrong
Louis armstrong park is 32 acres
 Your avatar

Add comment
there is a lot of grass

John Mowry
10d
there is a lot of grass
 Your avatar

Add comment
 New Orleans Kings

add
Animals at the New Orleans

William Leung
1m
Animals at the New Orleans 
 Your avatar

Add comment
Mississippi river

Nicholas Rosenberg
1m
Mississippi river
 Your avatar

Add comment
New Orleans

William Leung
10d
New Orleans
 Your avatar

Add comment
mardi gras muesem

Nicholas Rosenberg
1m
mardi gras muesem
 Your avatar

Add comment
the brige is cool

Nicholas Rosenberg
1m
the brige is cool
 Your avatar

Add comment
THE AMA Gavin Lin 1m THE

William Leung
10d
 THE AMA

Gavin Lin
1m
THE AMA
 Your avatar

Add comment
 Your avatar

Add comment
I did not know that new orleans had a football team

William Leung
10d
I did not  know  that new  orleans  had a football team
 Your avatar

Add comment
 

# data[].attributes.body
Guys did you know Yulman staduim has to university around
the staduim?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Newsela | Creatures of the night inhabit Audubon Zoo's newest building

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hundreds of bats fly through the Creatures of the Night exhibit at the Audubon Zoo's new night house in New Orleans, Louisiana.

# data[].attributes.headline
Hurricane Katrina was the third major hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season,as well as the fourth most intense tropical cyclone on record to make landfall in the United States,behind only the 1935 labor day hurricane,hurricane Camile in 1969,

# data[].attributes.subject
Hurricane Katrina was the third major hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season,as well as the fourth most intense tropical cyclone on record to make landfall in the United States,behind only the 1935 labor day hurricane,hurricane Camile in 1969,

# data[].attributes.body
| StreetcarsAll aboard for a trip into New Orleans' past on the oldest continuously operating streetcar in the world!

New Orleans MapsNo sense of direction? With these maps you'll be able to navigate to and within New Orleans like a native.
ParkingParking in New Orleans can be challenging, considering the millions of visitors who visit by car every year. Know the rules.
Bike New OrleansThink you've seen New Orleans? Well you haven't seen it until you've seen it by bike.RELATED: New Orleans Bike Routes

Cabs and TaxisA listing of taxi/cab companies in the Greater New Orleans area, with phone numbers.
PedicabsLooking for a fun, relaxing way to get from point A to point B while still being able to see the city. Try a pedicab.
LimousinesYou'll ride in style with any of New Orleans' premier limousine services.
RTA Bus LinesOn a budget? Get a VisiTour pass and let the Regional Transit Authority get you where you want to be.
Algiers FerryTake a ride across the Mississippi and find out why New Orleans is called the Crescent City!
Other Fun Ways
to See the CitySometime the way you see the city is just as fun as things you see along the way. Visit our tours section for other ways to see the city.
Horse and Carriage | Riverboat | Airplane
Helicopter | Scooter | Walking | Bike | Limo |   | Take a Cruise
Out of New OrleansEmbark on an exotic cruise or relax on a themed Mississippi River voyage. Since you're here, stay a few days.

Louis Armstrong International AirportAirlines serving New Orleans from the Louis Armstrong International airport
Airport ShuttleRide into the heart of the city from Louis Armstrong International Airport on a local shuttle.
Ride SharingUse these rides sharing services to connect with a local New Orleans driver and travel around the city in minutes.Uber | Lyft

Need More Help Getting
to and from New Orleans?Handicap Accessible Transportation
Take a Bus
Take a Train

NEW ORLEANS TRANSPORTATION VIDEOSTake A Ride Down the St. Charles Streetcar Line in New Orleans 1:27 A St. Charles Streetcar Ride Through New Orleans 1:04 New Orleans City Park Gondola Rides 1:20 A Ferry Ride from the New Orleans French Quarter to Algiers 1:03 New Orleans Pedicabs: A New Way To Get Around 1:45

# data[].attributes.body
mardi gras is a big hoilday it takes place around januray 6

# data[].attributes.body
did

# data[].attributes.body
nothin kidees!

# data[].attributes.body
The name “king cake” comes from the Biblical story of the three kings who bring gifts to Baby Jesus. A blend of coffee cake and cinnamon roll, king cake is usually iced in yellow, green and purple – the colors of Mardi Gras -- and is, indeed, a heavenly treat for New Orleanians when it appears in supermarkets and bakeries between early January and Ash Wednesday. Frequently packed with fruit fillings, king cakes also contain a surprise. Hidden in its interior is a small plastic baby. Whoever finds it must either bring the next cake or throw a party, thus sparking an unending round of food or fun. And while we hold firm to our belief that king cakes taste best in New Orleans, don’t fret if you aren’t here during Carnival. Several bakeries offer fast delivery anywhere in the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
Your avatar

Add comment
how hurricane katrina changed CSR forever

Sadie Oconnell
10d
how hurricane katrina changed CSR forever
 Your avatar

Add comment

more_vert
tim hightower's career high for rushes is 28 on 12/13/15

Brighten Sun
10d
tim hightower's career high for rushes is 28 on 12/13/15
4 comments

Charles Jia 10d
HURICANE!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Noah Chen 10d
awsome

Brighten Sun 10d
err tim hightower is a rb

Brighten Sun 10d
actully I dont know who tim hightower is
Your avatar

Add comment
 Louisiana Saints

add
city park is as big as central park

Gavin Lin
10d
city park is as big as central park 
1 comment

Gavin Lin 10d
but not exactly
Your avatar

Add comment
📎 Google Earth

Charles Jia
10d
Your avatar

Add comment
MERCEDES BENZ STATUIM

Gavin Lin
10d
MERCEDES BENZ STATUIM
 Your avatar

Add comment
THE AMAZING SAINTS BEAT THE UNDEFEATED RAMS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Gavin Lin
10d
THE AMAZING SAINTS BEAT THE UNDEFEATED RAMS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YA
5 comments

Nicolas Caravati 10d
so cool and the rams are really good

Savannah Dare 10d
amazing saints?

Elyes Hannachi 10d
Saints rule

Charles Jia 4m
Flag of Louisiana.svg Name	Louisiana Use	Civil and state flag Proportion 7:11 Adopted	Original design: 1912 (current version of design November 22, 2010)[1] Design	Image of a pelican feeding her young with her own blood on a field of azure. Below the pelican, a ribbon displays "Union Justice Confidence"

Charles Jia 1m
6cb3bh87fc0o
Your avatar

Add comment
 New Orleans Saints

add
guys did you know that the siants stadiam is the yulman stadiam

Nicolas Caravati
10d
guys did you know that the siants stadiam is the yulman stadiam

# data[].attributes.body
click on the flag to see the full flag

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The municipal flag of New Orleans is the representative banner of the U.S. city of New Orleans, Louisiana. The flag has a large white field that contains three gold fleurs-de-lis and is bordered on the top by a red stripe and from below by a blue stripe.

# data[].attributes.body
hurricane katrina was so strong that it destrroid more then 100 feet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Aw snap! Google Earth isn't supported by your browser yet. Try this link in Chrome instead. If you don't have Chrome installed, download it here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Aw snap! Google Earth isn't supported by your browser yet. Try this link in Chrome instead. If you don't have Chrome installed, download it here.

# data[].attributes.body
Hurricane Katrina was the largest and 3rd strongest hurricane ever recorded to make landfall in the US. In New Orleans, the levees were designed for Category 3, but Katrina peaked at a Category 5 hurricane, with winds up to 175 mph.
Hurricane Katrina

2005 hurricane

Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly Category 5 hurricane that struck the Gulf Coast of the United States in August 2005, causing catastrophic damage from central Florida to eastern Texas.Wikipedia

Total fatalities: 1,833

Start date: August 23, 2005

Location: Gulf Coast of the United States

Category: Category 5 Hurricane (SSHWS)

Affected areas: New Orleans, Louisiana, Mississippi, Cuba, MORE

Did you know: Katrina is the costliest Atlantic hurricane ($125.0 billion in damage).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Aw snap! Google Earth isn't supported by your browser yet. Try this link in Chrome instead. If you don't have Chrome installed, download it here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Aw snap! Google Earth isn't supported by your browser yet. Try this link in Chrome instead. If you don't have Chrome installed, download it here.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Aw snap! Google Earth isn't supported by your browser yet. Try this link in Chrome instead. If you don't have Chrome installed, download it here.