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If you are born in the U.S then you are citizen of the U.S.

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No cruel or unusual punishment.

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Trial by Jury

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Rights of accused in criminal cases.

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No double Jeopardy/ cant be tried twice for the same crime.

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No unreasonable searches or arrests.

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Right to Bear Arms

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Freedom of speech, Press, religion, assembly, and petition

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During World War II, Presidential Executive Order gave the military authority to exclude citizens of Japanese ancestry from areas deemed critical to national defense. A Japanese man remained in California and violated Civilian Exclusion Order. The Court sided with the government and held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed man's rights.

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American Nazis wanted to march through Skokie Illinois but the town said they needed insurance.
Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Nazis saying that many groups can not afford the insurance and should be able to express themselves.

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false speech that damages a person's good name, character, or reputation.

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Slander- false speech intended to damage a person's reputation
Libel- false written or published statements intended to damage a person's reputation

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Speech urging resistance to lawful authority or advocating the overthrow of government.

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Legal racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens "by fact" rather than by legal requirement.

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This 1971 Supreme Court set standard for government funding of religious institutions- fund money cannot be used to fund "religious" activities as it would advance religion aka Christianity; The three part criteria must meet if it is to aid church-related schools:
1. It has a secular purpose (NON religious)
2. Its primary effect neither advances nor inhibits religion
3. It doesn't foster an excessive government entanglement with religion.

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Government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast.

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The 1st Amendment guarantee that prohibits government from unduly interfering with the free exercise of religion

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a test the Supreme Court developed to determine if a law is discriminatory, which is applied to laws dealing with age, disability, income, and similar categories

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In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

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was the infamous case that asserted that "equal but separate accommodations

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sued for his freedom and failed

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legalized abortion. The Court ruled that a woman has the right to an abortion without interference from the government in the first trimester of pregnancy, contending that it is part of her "right to privacy." The Court maintained that right to privacy is not absolute, however, and granted states the right to intervene in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

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is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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laws requiring racial segregation in such places as schools, buses, and hotels.

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govt policies that award jobs, govt contracts, promotions, admission to schools, and other benefits to minorities and women in order to make up for past discrimination.

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were used to deny suffrage and voting rights to African Americans.

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in which the U.S. Supreme court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the 4th amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as in federal criminal law prosecutions in federal courts

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provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws

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was another case that helped define the due process clause of the 14th Amendment.The Supreme Court overturned the conviction, ruling that criminal suspects must be warned of their rights before they are questioned by police. These rights are: the right to remain silent, to have an attorney present, and, if the suspect cannot afford an attorney, to have one appointed by the state. The police must also warn suspects that any statements they make can be used against them in court.

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Made segregation in schools illegal.

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separation between church and state.

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A process that extended the protections of the Bill of Rights against the actions of state and local government.

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nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some symbolic speech protection under the first amendment.

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It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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A reasonable  basis to believe a person or premises is linked to a crime.

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Segregation that is imposed by law

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classification made on the basis of race or national origin that is subject to strict judicial scrutiny.

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a law stating that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court

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the First Amendment guarantee that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion:"

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Principle in the 5th Amendment stating that the govt must follow proper constitutional procedures
in trials and in other actions it takes against individuals.

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Retrial of a person who was acquitted in a previous trial for the same crime.

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speech accompanied by activities such as sit-ins, picketing, and demonstrations. Protection of this form of speech under the first amendment is conditional, and restrictions imposed by state or local authorities are acceptable if properly balanced by considerations of public order