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Persecution is when individuals, which are the victims are identified and separated from the rest of society due to their ethnic or religious identity. An example of this was during the holocaust, upon entering the concentration camps, or if the Jews were identified as being Jews from the Nazi, they would be stamped with a number, not only did this dehumanize them, but it also clearly identified the Jews as other people, and separated the Jews from the rest of the German society. At this stage, a Genocide emergency must be declared.

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How does this play out in the Darfurian Genocide?

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How does this play out in the Darfurian Genocide?

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This took part in the Darfur Genocide since the Non-Arabs were identified as different and were killed because of this. They had been separated from the majority of Darfur, which was Arabs, and they had been persecuted and killed because of this. Persecution relates to religion and ethnic identity, and the fact that the people that were killed because of their religion and ethnic identity relates completely to persecution and how the Janjaweed persecuted the Non-Arabs of Darfur.

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What did they do when everybody accused them? 

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What did they do when everybody accused them? 

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The Sudanese government continued to deny their involvement with the militia and the killings of the Darfurian people despite the evidence against the President, Omar al-Bahsir. They have also been trying to cover up the evidence as well. Aid groups that worked with victims of systematic rape were forcibly removed from the country. Khartoum also denied observer missions by the UN/African Union to investigate the attacks on civilians. There are also multiple aid "black spots" where aid organizations cannot go to. Khartoum has also denied journalists and human rights investigators access to their country. The President has also threatened officials to keep quite on the situation in Darfur

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After giving heavy discrimination to the non-Arabs in Darfur, the Sudanese government funded militia group such as "Janjaweed" which in Arabic literally translates to "devil on horseback." Also by preventing international aid, everything was prepared for a full-scale genocide. While the Comprehensive Peace Agreement ended the North-South War between North Sudan and South Sudan in 2005, granting additional political power to South Sudan, it failed to take into account the effects of the war on Darfur. Darfur remained underdeveloped and marginalized at the federal level, lacking infrastructure and development assistance. This neglect, combined with allegations that the government was arming Arab tribesmen (Janjaweed) to raid non-Arab villages, was threatening to the Darfurian people.

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Political cartoon of president Omar-Al Bashir

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Political cartoon of president Omar-Al Bashir

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Genocide: by definition the deliberate killing of a group of people who are part of one specific cultural, ethnic, racial, or religious group. In Darfur this was organized by the Sundanese government, but the government hides behind militias to provide them with deniability. For Darfur the militia that the Sundanese government hid behind is Janjaweed. The Janjaweed during the Darfur genocide were a group of government-armed and funded Arabs thirsted for non-Arabs part of the rebellion or not. In the end the Sundanese government worked the ropes behind the scenes while letting the militias do all the dirty work so they can deny all connections to them and the genocide.

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The dictionary definition of this word is quite evident and marginally strait forward. In essece it is the deprivation of human qualities from a specific group. In the case of the Darfur genocide this group was the Fur and the Zaghawa who were continually raped and sexually violated to an extreme magnitude. This consisted not just of the female individuals, but of the men and boys as well. You may be wondering; 'why does raping all of these people constitute dehumanization?' Well, in the Muslim religion when one is raped; the victim is usually seen to be more at fault than the rapist who raped them. It is very shameful , embarrassing and looked down upon if someone is a victim of a rape. As well as this, in many instances within this cultural/social construct people are forced into marrying the perpetrator of the rape if they are assaulted by them. The Arab-Sudanese government (or people affiliated with it,) intentionally raped woman and children to enforce the idea that they were in fact not on the same moral and anthropomorphic level as them. Or in other words as if they were merely sex toys. Finally this would dilapidate these "inferiors'" feeling of self worth and confidence thus making them less or even not human as the normal Sudanese were seen to have been.

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The number of aid workers halved from 2009 to 2014 when the Sudanese government were kicking out aid groups.

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The Sudanese government expelled 13 international agencies from Sudan and 3 local agencies from Darfur

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Approximately 2.5 million people survive but were displaced to Internally Displaced Persons camps and more than a million people have been displaced by the hostilities fleeing to other places in Sudan or across the border to Chad trying to escape the slaughter

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In 2009, Sudanese President Omar al Bashir, became the first president to be called by International Criminal Court for directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur

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In the Darfurian genocide non-Arabs were segregated from no Arabs to neglect the lives of the non-arabs in Darfur. The Sudanese government made it extremely difficult for countries to offer international aid. Many of the Darfurian citizens were abandoned to die of starvation and disease. And after Darfur rebelled, the country and the Darfurian region became even more discriminatory to non-arabs.

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While there was no real symbolism in Darfur, there were numbers and memories. Over 400000 people were killed in Darfur and that number symbolizes the brutality and inhuman characteristic of the genocide. The memories of destruction, rape, and death symbolize how agonizing pain of the people who were lucky enough to survive and continue in life.

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Skulls of the persecuted and genocide stricken Darfuris.

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Skulls of the persecuted and genocide stricken Darfuris.

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In September of 2004 the Darfur genocide was declared as a genocide saying it was the worst humanitarian crisis in the 21st century

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Since 2003 a estimated 400,000 people died directly or indirectly from the constant attacks.

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The racial divide that started the Darfur Genocide was between the Arab Muslims of Sudan and the Black African Muslims of the Darfur region of Sudan. More in depth it was the Janjaweed Militia that instigated the mass slaughter and the attacks of the people of Darfur. The Janjaweed Militia was funded by the Sudanese government who provided them with weapons, ammo, etc. The main fighting began between the two rebel groups, the Sundanese Liberal Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement against the Government of Sudan. The start of the extermination started when the SLM and JEM attacked an air force based in Al-Fashir killing over 70 people. The Sudanese government countered attacked by sending their army to eliminate the rebellion which lead to mass slaughter of the people in Darfur.

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Who was behind all the killing?
Who were the victims?

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Who was behind all the killing?
Who were the victims?

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There were many people who were behind the genocide. At the top was the President Omar al-Bahsir. He was behind most of the killing commanding his armies to bomb towns after towns and slaughter thousands. He was also the one who tried to hide the fact that their was a genocide happening within his country. Also the Khartoum government launched the attacks and was in "the pocket" of the President. They encouraged the killings and genocide and they helped to hide the fact that there was a genocide happening. Also the Janjaweed carried out a lot of the killing that took place. The majority of the victims were Darfuri men, women, and children from the Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa tribes. They were killed by the constant bombings and the Janjaweed coming through there areas.

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Over the course of this land cruiser war that was taking place in Sudan (and still is) which was deemed in some aspects a genocide in September 2004 by George W. Bush slewed about 400,000 Darfuris and displaced countless others into camps and refugee establishments in the surrounding countries (mostly Chad). They killed so many of these people by bombing Darfuri institutions and towns relentlessly from the air and then on the ground deployed the Jenajweed to scorch the rest of the population. They burned towns, and poisoned the wells and the inhumane deaths tallied to an immense number.

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This instrumental atrocity stemmed from a conflict that has an ample multitude of roots. First of all, some of the violence in these parts of Sudan was fueled by the discovery of gold, oil and other precious commodities in the southern part of Sudan (or the Darfur region). Because of the fact that this land wasn't controlled by the Khartoum or Arab-Sudanese government. Naturally the government wanted this land to have access to these commodities for their own benefit. As well ad this; in February of 2003  two rebel groups—the Justice and Equality Movement (J.E.M) and the Sudan Liberation Army (S.L.A)—rose up against the Khartoum government claiming years of inequitable treatment and economic marginalization, among other grievances. These non-Arab rebellious groups who were mostly of the Fur, and the Zaghawa. To put down this rebellion this government manifested a campaign of slaughter killing or seriously injuring the people of this non-Arab group (weather militant or civilian). The Sudan president Omar Al-Bashir called this plan to "get at the fish by draining the sea" and by draining the sea he meant mercilessly killing an adequate amount of people within this group (or just every single one of them) in order to squander the rebellion.

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The Darfur genocide began during February 2003, it is considered the first genocide of the twenty-first century. It hasn't officially ended, there is no date set to the ending of this genocide currently. Conflict has faded from Darfur, but there is still violence, displacements, injuries and death throughout various close locations. The first civil war ended in 1972, but broke out again in 1983. The second war resulted in over 4 million people being displaced and more than 2 million deaths. Since the conflict increased between the North and the South in the 1990's, the government ignored the more common reports of violence in Darfur. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement which primarily ended the conflict between the North and South in 2005. Lots of conflict still remains however, due to the fails of peace talks. The most successful peace talk occurred in Abuja from 2005-2006. Early in 2008, the UN issued a hybrid United Nations-African Union mission to maintain peace in Darfur. In 2014 and 2015, government forces backed up by the Janjaweed led counterinsurgency campaigns in Darfur where they repeatedly attacked villages, burned and looted homes,  beat, and  raped, and executed villagers.

Violence continued into 2016. Amnesty International alleged the government used chemical weapons against civilians, and a little over 190,000 people were displaced due to violence. Over 3 million victims are still heavily impacted by the conflict.

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The "Darfur genocide" refers to the mass slaughter and rape of men, women, children in western Sudan from 2003-2004. This genocide was carried out by a government armed group and funded Arab militia known as Janjaweed(evil men on horseback), but before you continue you must know that The rebellion, the historic rivals of the Janjaweed were Made up of JEM(The justice and equality movement) and the SLA(Sudan liberation army). Now going back these people named the Janjaweed were unleashed on non-Arab tribes in the Sudan area whether they were part of the rebellion or not, burning villages, looting economic resources, polluting water sources, and murdering, raping, and torturing civilians.

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Discrimination always has at least two groups involved, the perpetrators and the victims. The perpetrators are almost always those that either have more money, greater authority, or part of a dominant group in their society. The victims primarily have less money, less authority, and are part of an inferior group of society. The victims are more powerless, and aren't really given the opportunities and resources needed in order to defend themselves.

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As you can see in this image, there are two groups shown. The first group represents the perpetrators, or those that are colored white in this image. They are pointing at the victim, or the person that is colored red in this image. The group colored with white has more people, therefore they have support. This could also represent that they are the majority of society, or that they have the ability to outnumber and have more dominant ideas since they are what makes up society.

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This applies to Darfur since during the 3rd stage of this genocide. The Janjaweed, or Evil Men on Horseback picked out and separated those that happened to be African-Darfurians, and oppressed them. As it states in the 10 Stages of Genocide, "A dominant group uses law, custom, and political power to deny the rights of other groups.  The powerless group may not be accorded full civil rights or even citizenship". The general takeaway from this is that a group of power, or more authority restricts and controls what those that do not have the same power as them and are part of an inferior social group. It also states that they may not even be given full civil rights or citizenship. This is discrimination because a certain group is excluded and not provided the resources and opportunities that the dominant and middle class are given. In the Darfurian genocide, the Janjaweed had the power since they clearly had lots of firepower and a very stable form of military. If they didn't have such a good military and lots of firepower they wouldn't have been able to commit mass murders and slaughter over 400,000 African-Darfurians. The victims were clearly the African-Darfurians, since they were the ones being mass slaughtered, and over 400,000 of their own people were killed during this genocide. It also states in Holocaust Museum Houston's article that the Janjaweed caused serious bodily or mental harm to members in the group, imposed measures intended to prevent birth,  and forcibly transfer children from one group to the other. This shows how the Janjaweed were extremely unfair and unjust with how they treated the Darfurians.

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source: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sudan/11566578/Sudans-Bashir-re-election-condemns-Darfur-to-more-suffering.html

Adam Abdel is a young boy who lives in the Darfur region of Sudan. He was struck by a bomb from the sky, raining down from the hellscape that was the airstikes of the Jingaweed ass they called the airforce from the Arab Sudanese oppressive government. He had contracted serious burns and sustained other injuries that still plague him today and will continue to be his burden for the rest of his existence.

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Sudan is currently the 3rd largest country in Africa having 718, 723 sq. miles. The capital is Khartoum is located in the Northeastern region of Sudan. Darfur is a large region located in Western Sudan.
The Genocide happened in Darfur, Sudan. The population of Darfur is estimated at 7 million people. The conflict in Darfur has also increased tensions in neighboring Chad and the Central African Republic as hundreds of thousands of refugees stream over the two countries’ borders to escape violence.

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Overall, in the Darfurian genocide, discrimination, which is one of the stages of genocide played a big role since it was what separated and clearly set out the Darfurians from the Janjaweed, motivating the Janjaweed to slaughter the Darfurians. The Janjaweed had their own reasons for this genocide but the discrimination was part of the execution of the genocide.