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Puritans built teachings and theologies of John Calvin (Calvinism). They believed in the ideas of total depravity, predestination, limited atonement, theocracy, and education. The Puritans believed in these things because they thought that living a simple and conservative life would please God. They also heavily pushed education towards the men. This was because they wanted the men to train and teach others about God.

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The Puritans believed that Satan was active and recruiting people. Every bad event or thought was always immediately pinned on the devil. Tituba, a slave, gathered bored teenage girls and told them stories of black magic and witchcraft. After spending time with Tituba, the girls started showing unexplainable witchlike symptoms. Because of this, Tituba was accused of being a witch. She was later put on trial.

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The witch trials caused neighbor to turn against neighbor. In a lot of the cases, many people would accuse others of performing witchcraft to obtain land property. Even just one accusation would put the other in jail. During trials, the accused would be unclothed and tortured. They would use and control the teenage girls for proof of evidence.

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By 1692, more than 200 people were jailed from accusations of witchcraft. The only way to survive the trials was to confess. If people confessed, then the Puritans believed that God would punish them accordingly. Nineteen men and women were hanged. People would only be hanged if they did not confess to being a witch. These nineteen men and women did not confess because they did not want to sin before God.

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Arthur Miller was an American playwright and essayist. He was also married to Marilyn Monroe. He wrote "The Crucible" to make the connection between the Salem witch trials and the McCarthy interrogations in the 1950s. Miller had been interrogated and was asked to name every communist he knew. But he refused to give evidence before the House Un-American Activities Committee. He wrote "The Crucible" to alert Americans against government misinformation. Miller went against the social "norm" and made efforts to make connections.