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1) What's TCP/IP?
*The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) & the Internet Protocol (IP) is the foundational protocols in the suite of communication used to interconnect network devices on the Internet.

*The IP suite is the conceptual model & set of communications protocols used in the Internet & similar computer networks.

*TCP/IP can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (an Intranet or an Extranet).

2) How TCP/IP is working?
*TCP/IP uses the client/server model of communication that a user or a machine known as a client is provided a service (like sending a webpage) by another computer known as a server in the network.

*TCP/IP suite of protocols is classified as stateless.

3) How TCP/IP contribute in Networking?
*TCP/IP applies to network communications in transport is used to deliver data across IP networks known as a connection-oriented protocol.

*TCP works by establishing a virtual connection between two devices via a series of request & reply messages sent across the physical network.

4) Compare TCP/IP with OSI 7 Reference Model.
*TCP/IP & OSI are the two most widely used networking models for communication.

*TCP/IP is a four layered model, whereas, OSI has seven layers.

*TCP/IP is a standard protocol used for every network to establishing a connection & communicating through the network.

*OSI is a conceptual model which is not practically used for communication, & is not a protocol but a reference model used for understanding & designing the system architecture.

Hence:
a) TCP divides a message or file into packets that are transmitted over the Internet & then reassembled when reach their destination.

b) IP is responsible for the address of each packet that can get the correct destination.

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0201679
1) TCP/ip is the communication protocol for communication between computers on the internet

2) TCP/IP uses client or server model of communication in server model of communication in which user or machine is provided a service by another computer in network

3) The TCP protocol breaks data into packets then travel from router to router over the internet according to the IP protocol.
Finally the TCP protocol ressembles the packet into the original  whole.

4) TCP/IP (4 Layer)
- Application
-Transport
- Internet
-Network interface

OSI Model (7 Layer)
-Application
-Presentation
-Session
-Transport
-Network
-Data link
-Link

# data[].attributes.body
TCP/IP.

1) Is a language that computer use to access the network/internet.
Is a protocol to provide a host with access to the internet.

2) It responsible for full-fledged data connectivity and transmitting the data end to end by providing functions which mapping, addressing and acknowledge. TCP/IP technically applies to network communications in which the TCP transport is used to deliver data across IP networks. Known as a connection-oriented protocol, TCP works by establishing a virtual connection between two devices via a series of request and reply messages sent across the physical network.

3)

4) OSI Model 7 Layers

1) Application(7).
Is a top most layer in ISO network model. Provides application services for file transfers, email and network software.

2) Presentation(6).
If it receive any data from application layer it make sure the data is in proper format and no error. if not it will covert the data to proper format. for example comparison, encryption and code set can interpreted to on other side.

3) Session(5).
This layer is to establishing, managing, and terminating connections between applications at each end of the communication. it has rules which must be agree, if apply the data transfer phase begins.

4) transport(4).
The Transport layer handles transport functions such as reliable or unreliable delivery of the data to the destination. Segment sequencing, sequencing is a connection-oriented service that takes TCP segments that are received out of order and place them in the right order.

5) Network layer(3).
The Network layer of the OSI model is responsible for managing logical addressing information in the packets and the delivery of those packets to the correct destination.

6) Datalink layer(2).
It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization.

7) Physical (1).
It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards and physical aspects.

TCP/IP.
1) Physical layer.
Consists protocols  that operate only a link.  the network component that interconnect nodes or host in the network.
2) Internet Layer.
Connects independent network to transport the packet across network. protocol are IP and Internet control message protocol.

3) Transports layer.
Maintain end-to-end communications across.

4) Application layer.
Provide  applications with standardized data exchange.  for example HTTP,  FTP and many more.

website:     http://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/osi-model.php

video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XNas3Nhh9k

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Kiew Yu Sheng
0201029
Part 1(correction)

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Kiew Yu Sheng
0201029
Part 2

# data[].attributes.body
Kiew Yu Sheng
0201029
Part 1

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1.What is TCP/IP?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the language a computer uses to access the internet. It consists of a suite of protocols designed to establish a network of networks to provide a host with access to the internet.
TCP/IP is responsible for data connectivity and transmitting the data end to end by providing other functions, including addressing, mapping and acknowledgment.

2.How TCP/IP is working?
The Transmission Control Protocol is responsible for ensuring the reliable transmission of data across Internet-connected networks. TCP checks packets for errors and submits requests for re-transmissions if any are found.

3.How TCP/IP contributes in networking?
In base terms, TCP/IP allows one computer to talk to another computer via the Internet through compiling packets of data and sending them to right location. For those who don't know, a packet, sometimes more formally referred to as a network packet, is a unit of data transmitted from one location to another.

4.Compare between TCP/IP and OSI Model
TCP/IP is a four layered model whereas OSI is a seven layered model.
TCP/IP is a client server model. For example, when the client requests for service, it is provided by the server. On the other hand, OSI is a conceptual model.
TCP/IP is a standard protocol that used for every network including the Internet whereas OSI is not a protocol but it is a reference model that used for understanding and designing the system architecture.
TCP/IP follows vertical approach while OSI supports horizontal approach.
TCP/IP is tangible and OSI is not.
TCP/IP combines the presentation and session layer into its application layer.
TCP/IP combines the data link layer and physical layer into one layer.

# data[].attributes.body
Guys, today you are required to conduct research about the TCP/IP.
Find out:
1) What is TCP/IP?
2) How TCP/IP is working?
3) How TCP/IP contributes in networking?
4) Compare TCP/IP and OSI 7 Layer Reference Model.

Prepare your work using MS-Power Point or Ms-Word and then upload your findings here.

You are required to present your findings later.

~NFC

# data[].attributes.body
1) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks.

2) TCP works by compiling the data into smaller packets of data, and then sending them to where they can be received by another TCP layer, where the IP is responsible for defining exactly where data needs to be sent and ensuring that packets of data are sent and received to the same place.

1. The Link Layer is used to physically connect networks using hardware like a server.

2. The Internet Layer connects different hosts together on different networks.

3. The Transport Layer is used to resolve host-to-host connections.

4. The Application Layer makes sure that applications on a network are able to communicate.

3) TCP/IP is the underlying communication language of the Internet. In base terms, TCP/IP allows one computer to talk to another computer via the Internet through compiling packets of data and sending them to right location.

4) Application  - Application
Presentation
Session

Transport    -    Transport

Internet       -     Network

Network Interface   - Data Link
Physical

-OSI model is a generic model that is based upon functionalities of each layer. TCP/IP model is a protocol-oriented standard.

-OSI model distinguishes the three concepts, namely, services, interfaces, and protocols. TCP/IP does not have a clear distinction between these three.

-OSI model gives guidelines on how communication needs to be done, while TCP/IP protocols layout standards on which the Internet was developed. So, TCP/IP is a more practical model.

-In OSI, the model was developed first and then the protocols in each layer were developed. In the TCP/IP suite, the protocols were developed first and then the model was developed.

-The OSI has seven layers while the TCP/IP has four layers.

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Mong Yong Han 0191836

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1)TCP | IP is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect…

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1. TCP/IP or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect the network device on the internet.

2.

TCP/IP also can be used as a communications protocol in a private network. It is designed to make network reliable, with the ability to recover automatically from the failure of any device on the network.

The application layer is concerned with providing network services to applications. Example: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

The transport layer is responsible for maintaining end-to-end communications across the network. TCP handles communications between hosts and provides flow control, multiplexing and reliability. Example: TCP and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is sometimes used instead of TCP for special purposes.

The network layer, also called the internet layer, deals with packets and connects independent networks to transport the packets across network boundaries. Example: the IP and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), which is used for error reporting.

The physical layer is the lowest level of the TCP/IP protocol stack and functions carried out here include encapsulation of IP packets into frames for transmission, mapping IP addresses to physical hardware addresses (MAC Addresses) and the use of protocols for the physical transmission of data. Example:  Ethernet for local area networks (LANs) and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).

3. TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It is also manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address. IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination.

4. TCP/IP is a client server model that used for transmission the data over the network. OSI is a theoretical model which used for the computing system. TCP/IP is standard protocol used for every network including the internet. OSI is not a protocol but a reference model used for understanding and designing the system architecture. TCP/IP is follow Vertical approach and OSI is support Horizontal approach. TCP/IP follow top to bottom approach and OSI model follow a bottom-up approach.