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Mnemonic instruction is a highly effective strategy to assist students with special needs in their ability to retain and recall science facts.

Common and Effective Mnemonics include:
1.First letter mnemonics-include acronyms and acrostics. they are useful for associating various list.
2.Linguistic-include the use of keywords in order to assist students in associating the new concept with familiar words to help remember the item.
3. Visual Mnemonics-are strategies that make use of pictures or visualization in order to create associations with a particular target concept to be learned.
4. Adapting Instruction and Differentiation- setting, content, materials, instruction and intervention, management, and affect.
5. Materials Adaptation- must be able to adapt materials.
6. Instructional Adaptations- those activities that a teacher does in the course of instruction and those activities that student have to do as a result of this instruction.

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Goals of science instruction is skill development, and specific inquiry oriented skills are the heart and soul of science instruction. Using observation, measurement, classification, communication, Data collection, inference, prediction, data interoperation, formation of hypothesis, experimentation.

Example: Classification- grouping things according to similarities or differences.

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In Science, instructional practices that reflect universal design principles will be important foundation for effective programs for students with special needs.

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Introduction, Attention-getting and motivating techniques, data gathering techniques, data processing techniques, and closure!

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1. Textbook approach- used frequently, in upper elementary and secondary levels.
2. Hands on/Activity based approach- stresses the use of process and inquiry skills.
3. Integrated Curriculum-sciene is an ideal subject for integration with other subject areas. powerful teaching strategy that engages students in different ways.

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Teachers can use journals and learning logs because it is hands on. Rubrics can be used to set clear expectations to focus on. Students can use self and peer evaluations. Think-alouds are a great strategies that students can use for a specific task.

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Competencies for special education teachers 

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Competencies for special education teachers 

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-Knowledge of basic content in the area of science
-Awareness of state content and performance standards for particular grade levels
-Ability to adapt materials and techniques to accommodate the needs of learners
-Understanding of laboratory skills

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Science Instructional Considerations for Students with Special needs 

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Science Instructional Considerations for Students with Special needs 

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In most recent years students with special needs are becoming more exposed to science. IDEA mandates that students with disabilities must be provided with access to all gen ed curriculum which includes science. Also more students with disabilities are spending increased amounts of time In inclusive settings.

SOME SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGES
-Learner Characteristics: (Ex: in cognitive abilities, difficulties in thinking, problem solving, or reasoning).
- Instructional Demands: the main instructional strategies used in traditional general education classrooms typically including textbook or lectures. Students with disabilities typically struggle to grasp concept when these are the sole techniques used in classrooms.
-Teacher Preparation: Many general education teachers are faced with significant challenges in meeting the needs of students with learning and behavior problems.

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1. Spiral Curriculum- textbook-driven approach where topics are repeated each year- common model of science instruction at the elementary level.

2. Intensified Curriculum- more in-depth cover-age of fewer topics- more hands-on, activity oriented.

3. Integrated curriculum- combined two or more areas that are used as the basis of the curriculum.

4. Theme-based curriculum- approach is organized according to broad-based themes.

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These three major objectives are woven throughout science education.
- The acquisition of relevant content and knowledge
- The development of inquiry-related skills
- The nurturing of a scientific attitude

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Science Curriculum and Students with Special Needs 

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Science Curriculum and Students with Special Needs 

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4 Goals for science education
1.  Science for meeting personal needs
2. Science for resolving societal problems
3. Science for career awareness
4. Science for preparation for further study