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Genotype: genetic makeup of a trait
Phenotype: observable trait

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Allele: alternative version of a gene
--> each gene is a sequence of nucleotides at a specific place along a chromosome

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Homozygote (BB/bb): identical alleles for a gene

Heterozygote (Bb): two different alleles for a gene

Dominant allele (B): if two alleles at a locus differ, then this one determines the organism's appearance

Recessive allele (b): has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance

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Two alleles for a heritable character segregate, separate from each other, during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Meiosis: the parent cell splits into two gametes; alleles segregate independently of each other.

Each gametes gets half of the genome of the parent cell, one allele out of the two that were on the parent cell.

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Dependent: If alleles are close to each other on the chromosome, then they will travel together to a gamete --> they are inherited together

Independent: Each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair of alleles during gamete formation

Meiosis: During gamete formation, different alleles segregate independently of each other

Dihybrid Cross: mating between two organisms that have two separate genes that are both heterozygous -->
YyRr x YyRr
Each parent can form the gametes YR, Yr, yR, yr