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- reign of George III (the longest in English history)
- William Pitt prime minister influenced by the ideas of Adam Smith that proposed the practice of free trade in foreign trade
- TORY GOVERNMENT, violently repressed any form of protest
- act of Union (passed by the English and Scottish Parliaments in 1707, led to the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on 1 May of that year)

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Participants at the Congress of Vienna in1814-1815. Austria, 19th century.

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- self-proclamation emperor of France (1804)
- increase of Britain’s armed forces
- defeated two times: Trafalgar, battle of Waterloo
- England, Austria, Prussia, Russia in Vienna for the new map of Europe

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Liberty Leading the People, 28 July1830, c.1830-31

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- political and social change
- bloody power struggle between different groups
- the jacobins (led by Maximilien Robespierre):
• radicalised the French constitution (first democratic constitution)
• justice for all
- in Britain many supporters
https://youtu.be/VEZqarUnVpo

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The Industrial Revolution made our lives easier, but did it make them better?

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the cities started a rapid expansion, the factory owner became rich but the urban masses lived in terrible poverty (despite people worked up to sixteen hours a day and women were underpaid, also child was forced to work) and the air was polluted by the factory smoke. fields and land were closed to in order to make small segregated holdings.
https://youtu.be/nN-mmQuyU_8

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the main innovation was the utilisation of powered machines that played a central role because they improved transportation and communication in general. so all those factors brought a wide range of wealth thanks to the fact that also the workers conditions became better.
https://youtu.be/K40XrR67fas

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Two women munition workers operate a shell case forming machine

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industrial Revolution (economic and technological development) which transformed Britain from an agricultural country —> to an industrial one.