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Equality and equity always seem to be mixed up as the photo above shows equity how the people who cant reach that healthcare are given a "height" in order to reach it and in this situation it is money. if this was a photo of equality they all would've been given only one coin under but this would mean 2 of them wouldn't be able to attain health still making it inequity but here it is now shown with equity as everyone is able to reach that healthcare needed.

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Achieving health equity means valuing all individuals equally in efforts to confront inequalities, past injustices, and eliminate health care disparities. It allows for physicians to provide the best health care to all patients regardless of an underlying conditions. To provide health equity, we must put ourselves in another victims shoes and see the disparity in their perspective. It is essential for health facilities to provide care with equity so there is a universal oppurtunity to attain to his/her health potential and no one is disadvantaged from achieving this. One way we can do this is to engage staff in health equity through awareness in the facilities. To initially begin the optimization of population health and achievement of health equity, we can respond to current public health issues.

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Social Exclusion often refers to the phenomenon where certain groups of people feel isolated and unimportant. In other words, it is individuals or groups being excluded from facilities, benefits, and opportunities that others experience. The image I choose to demonstrate social exclusion is an individual blocking and restricting a group of people from passing, while the group of people are about to be pulled back by a slingshot. As social exclusion has a group of people feeling excluded from benefits, facilities, and opportunities; a group of people from all different ethnicities, socioeconomic levels, etc. are about to be pulled back as the individual will not let them join him. I choose this image specifically due to its significance of the picture. The group of people came to take benefits and opportunities, but are met or marked by society to place them in a specific type of group that will exclude and hold them back from experiencing it.

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The above photo represents a couple of different health concerns. We see the difference between equality and equity portrayed in the photo. Many people do not know the differences between equality and equity, which can result in many health inequality issues. Health equality is the idea of everyone in society having the same amount of help and resources to succeed no matter what their race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status is. Health equity brings together determinants of an individual based on what their needs are to succeed to determine what resources and help they will receive. As these two factors can be factored incorrectly, this brings health inequality to the table. Health inequality represents when people do not all have the same standards of care and resources depending on their socioeconomic status. In order for health inequality to be eliminated, we need to achieve equity in healthcare.

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Social exclusion is the concept that a person belonging to a social group (race, ethnicity, disability, etc.) is prevented from participating in society and gaining equal opportunity. An individual belonging to a social group in which they did not have control of being born into is barred from receiving normal participation. The impact of social exclusion is detrimental to to the health of those experiencing it (mental and physical). This photo depicts a differently colored individual who is excluded from the group that is all one color. It clearly shows that the one red individual is excluded from any participation or activity that the other group is in.

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Graphic showing the different characteristics of intersectionality 

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The concept of intersectionality refers to the fact that we each have a number of identities that interact to form who we are. Different facets of who we are frequently intersect with one another and ultimately reflect how we experience life. As a result, it's possible that factors like ethnicity, gender, religion, financial background, etc. may have a lasting impact on how you were treated throughout your life. All the various elements that may ultimately collide and have an impact on an individual are depicted in the figure above. In the end, it demonstrates how one's healthcare can also be influenced by their race and sexual orientation. A person's treatment in the healthcare system or the type of care they receive may be impacted by intersectionality. This can be a result of their low income, immigration status, or status as a single mother, all of which may act as impediments to how they are handled in the healthcare system. They may merely have access to necessities, or they may not even have that. Intersectionality can demonstrate the connections between many forms of systematic discrimination and the problems they can cause for these people and their communities. The system is set up to be against these people, this can frequently make them confront a lot more obstacles and hurdles. If one is intersected with many of these characteristics, then there may be additional difficulties.

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Opportunity means having the ability to acquire the benefits of participating in society, goods, and services. Examples of obstacles one can face in getting access to these things include geographic distance, lack of awareness, transportation, and more. In the image above, we can not tell what the reason is to explain the lack of access to community resources, but we can assume there is an obstacle in the way. In the image on the right, we can see that community resources have been distributed appropriately instead of equally, which can maximize the most potential benefits on both sides of the city. If one cannot access goods, services, and benefits, opportunities in life will look different from one person/community to the next. Lack of opportunity can ultimately result in loss of potential quality of life.

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Social exclusion refers to the state at which individuals are unable to participate in social events due to their economic, social, political, and cultural lifestyle. This is important because it excludes individuals form being part of something they'd wished to be, but society sets intense norms and roles for groups over the years that effects with peoples social opportunities. This image shows a groups of people interacting with each other, while there is one individual isolated by himself only interacting with his phone. The people that are interacting are probably unaware about the individual left out or how they might feel, whereas the individual might be feeling unwanted and would be willing to do anything he isn't comfortable with to interact with them.

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Social exclusion refers to a situation in which a person is not able to gain equal access to opportunities and suffer from discrimination in society due to economical, cultural, or political differences. Disadvantage groups in society such as people of color, people living in poverty, religious minorities, people with physical/mental disabilities, and LGBTQ people experience social exclusion due to their differences. This image demonstrates social exclusion because it represents a woman isolated by herself due to having physical disabilities at her job. The people are interacting with each other while leaving her out in their work environment. In this situation, excluding her out of activities and conversations just because of her disabilities could lead to less opportunities for herself at work.

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Health equity means everyone has a fair and just opportunity in health. I chose this image because it shows how the children are given the necessary resources to access the same healthcare as others, and there exist no barriers for them to receive equal care. It also shows that no matter what gender or skin color you are, equal care will be provided.

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Intersectionality can be defined as the fact that people belong to different identities that "intersect" to form their unique perspectives and experiences in life. The image I used shows that people can belong to a certain sexuality, racial identity, gender, nationality, or disability, which all combine to form a unique individual. With that being said, it's important to note that everybody belonging to a certain identity will face different systemic discriminations and a combination of those identities will only heighten the discriminations they personally face. This concept is especially important to consider in healthcare because although we may feel like we are adequately serving the community, we need to ensure that we are providing adequate care to the entire community and not just a subset of it. For example, providing educational material for pap smears to women may be effective for English-speaking women, but if that material is not provided in Spanish then Spanish-speaking women are not going to receive the same education or care as their counterparts. In other words, care for women is being provided, but the care is not accessible to women with different intersections of racial identity and therefore needs to be taken into consideration.

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Cultural humility is where an individual learns about other people’s cultural beliefs, identities, and values, including their own culture. This is a process of self-reflection where an individual learns about other cultures through interactions or education and intends to acknowledge the cultural differences of someone else. This process isn’t something that a person can achieve. It is a learning process that is developed and essential to have in healthcare. Cultural humility in healthcare would allow the patient-provider relationship to evolve more from just giving a diagnosis. It will enable the provider to connect deeply to patients and may provide higher-quality care. The picture attached showcases some tips about cultural humility. Creating a safe space, engaging in open and crucial conversations, listening for what matters and self reflect, and addressing issues of cultural humility are all examples of cultural humility in the workplace. All of these examples can be used in healthcare. The picture also has questions and guidelines for where to start when it comes to the process of cultural humility. Awareness is essential in this process, and training healthcare staff and professionals on cultural humility helps reduce implicit bias and enhance patient care. I chose this image because it gives us a starting point for changing the dynamics of a workplace. This image helps those who may wonder about what they should do or say to practice cultural humility.

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Cultural Humility is an individual's commitment to lifelong learning of their own culture and others. It is to understand that I as an individual will never fully know or experience what other cultures may feel or go through despite how much I learn about it. Although we may never know how an individual feels, when practicing cultural humility, we can better understand others and respect all cultures. Practicing cultural humility starts at the individual level by intentionally critiquing oneself through their own biases and assumptions. When addressing cultural humility with other individuals we can make sure to connect on interpersonal levels by hearing their experiences and asking questions to deeper our understanding. Cultural humility can help create not only quality patient care experiences but a quality life experience for all individuals through connection and respect.

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Health Equity is a term that often gets misconstrued with Health Equality. Surprisingly, these two terms have quite opposite meanings. To achieve health equity, different people must be offered different levels of help or assistance in order to equalize prior inequalities. In this photo, for example, the smaller person on the left needs three blocks in order to reach the apple from the tree, whereas the bigger person on the right only needs one. Offering these three people different assistance practices the concept of health equity. It is essential in a world of individuality for these differences to be recognized and acknowledged in the health field.

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Health equity is a term that can be used to demonstrate that all human beings deserve access to healthcare and the opportunity to receive that regardless of any barriers. This picture shows that health equality is everyone receiving the same block , although some of them need a bigger block. Health equity on the right hand side shows how each person received a block according to their needs in order to all be the same.

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Structural racism in known as racism in the form as official policies, laws and regulations of organizations and societies. This image represents both of these people being affected by COVID-19. On the right, the older white man is seen to have COVID-19 and be concerned. On the left, the older African American woman is also seen to have COVID-19 and be concerned but she is also carrying a purse which has the weight of 400 years worth of oppression and racism from society. African American voices have always been underrepresented in healthcare, and this image in showing that it has been going on for years. There has always been certain misconceptions when it comes to patient care with African Americans and it is this belief that they are "stronger" in terms of dealing with health crisis, and is part of the reason why their concerns are overlooked. This image shows the unfair advantage that comes with being African American in terms of healthcare treatment.

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This image is a visual representation of the differences between equality, equity, and justice.

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Understanding equity is the first step in being able to understand health equity. Equity is the absence of avoidable, unfair, or remediable differences among groups of people whether it being socially, economically, or another mean of stratification. Health equity comes in when everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be healthier. Achieving health equity means removing the barriers that have created unfair advantages for some, while understanding others may need extra assistance in order to receive the same care.

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Health equity is when everyone has the chance and the same opportunities to obtain health regardless of social determinants or health disparities. In the image above, there is a justice scale representing health professionals providing care for all patients regardless of any underlying conditions. Health equity in this image shows that people should be able to access healthcare regardless of any barriers. Additionally, regardless of age, race, gender, social determinant, they receive the resources they need to access the same healthcare and medical help as others with no barriers that limit them from equal care. In public health, health equity is to create equitable opportunities for everyone to be healthy.

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I chose this photo to post as a good representative of social exclusion. I believe that the most common social exclusion to happen in today’s day and age is the one we place upon ourselves. Ever since COVID lockdown, it has become literally much too easy for a person to get lost inside their own little digital world too wrapped up in what’s going on on their phone to notice anything else. The young adolescents of the next upcoming generation have no interest in playing outside or riding their bikes with their friends they all just want to be left alone to play on their phones and it’s horrifying.

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Nurse providing care by being mindful and communicating with empathy. 

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Cultural humility is considered as a more appropriate objective in multicultural medical education. Cultural humility entails a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique, restoring power dynamics in the patient-physician interaction and developing mutually advantageous and non-paternalistic medical and activism relationships with communities on behalf of people and defined populations. I chose this image of a nurse that is explaining the care plan in detail the doctor gave to the mother of the girl. It is important to take time and explain in detail medical terminology to patients whose first language may not be english so they can understand what the doctor suggest them to do to feel better. Throughtout this interaction, the nurse can respect the mother's cultural values and answer the mother's questions about the care plan.

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From my understanding of Health Equity, it seems to be one of the most critical factors in one's health. It's the basis of getting everyone the right tools and access to what they want/desire but also acknowledging that others may need extra assistance along the way. As shown in the photo above, on the left panel all three persons have been given the same and equal opportunity to watch the baseball game, however, the last one on the right is much shorter so he cannot view that baseball game whatsoever. Then versus the right side of the photo, we can see that the taller gentlemen did not need the box but passed it along to the much shorter man on the right. This is not to say the taller gentlemen had that access/resource removed but rather reallocated the source to someone who needed it more than him. Now if we were to apply this to medical needs, the shorter gentlemen might be represented the vulnerable community, whose public health officials may have felt additional assistance was needed in order to achieve the same health degree or treatment.

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Health equity is the state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health, this includes those with disabilities. When it comes to a person's health, everyone should have the opportunity to achieve the best health they want. If we want actual change we need to make improvements to those who have less or more disabilities than us. In the image we see people of all ages, ethnicities and disabilities. In the image to the left the elderly lady is in a wheelchair, but with a ramp she's able to be at the same height or level as the other able bodies people. There should be systems put in place, for example there's a ramp to support those in wheelchairs, there should also be a system to support those who want to better their health, but don't have the resources to make it happen. When people have the available knowledge and expectations, it enables change.

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Health inequity refers to the uneven distribution of quality care across multiple groups. Health inequity has a similar meaning to health disparities in which marginalized populations often receive poorer health care due to conscious and implicit bias. The image above shows a scale representing equality. However, often time, equality does not guarantee health equity because delivering care should be distributed more intensively toward disadvantaged groups instead of treating all groups the same. The image also reveals health inequity as one group consisting of two individuals is "heavier" than a group with three people. This shows health inequity as the group weighted more might experience more privileges such as stable income, healthy food, and medicine. Thus, it is essential to address health accordingly instead of equally.

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Intersectionality is how one's identity is shaped and interpreted by others. This can include race, class, gender, sexuality, ability, age, and other aspects related to identity. This image shows how other people can interpret someone by their ethnicity, gender, age, etc. Intersectionality also recognized that certain groups of people face many different forms of discrimination. It is important to recognize these hardships and be inclusive of everyone's perspective.

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This image is showing health equality vs. health equity

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Health equity is the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people. The groups can range from different social groups, economic groups, demographics, age, or even people with disabilities, as seen in the image above. Overall, health equity is defined as everyone having a fair and just opportunity to be healthier. Differences lie between health equity and health equality, as with health equality, everyone would receive the same treatment. This is shown with the image since everyone is giving an equal bike, regardless of their age or physical differences. In the image, they give a full size bike to a child who is much smaller and is struggling to ride, as well as giving the same bike and not allowing proper accommodation to the senior lady. The bike is even given to the large man, who is also struggling to ride it. We can see in the Health Equity example that everyone is given a bike that accommodates to their needs. For example, the senior lady has a bike that allows her to ride even though she is typically limited to her wheelchair. The child and older man are also given a bike that scales to their needs. That is how health equity is able to adjust and accommodate for everyone and their needs, and why it is important to prioritize to have equity

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This image is a visual representation of intersectionality.

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Intersectionality is explained as someone's reality that relates to their personal identity. Someone's personal identity can be described by their race, gender, religion, age, capabilities, and many other factors. Intersectionality can be a very prominent aspect in someone's life, but it can also be completely ignored depending on someone's situation and how it impacts their life. All of these different factors come together to create a certain individual's reality and can be an advantage or a disadvantage, whether that is having certain abilities or strengths, or something negative such as discrimination. It is very important to consider intersectionality when thinking about an individual's situation because each person is different and it is important to recognize the different forms of discrimination, and treating everyone equally, regardless of their differences. Intersectionality can also lead to recognition of individual differences amongst humans and appreciating what makes us unique and learn more about it.

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Health equity is something that we need to strive for if we are going to have a healthcare system that is equally beneficial to all of the people who participate in it. Currently our healthcare system tends to favor people who are more economically privileged and allows those privileged few easier access to the healthcare system in the United States while excluding disadvantaged groups from receiving the same treatment. If we are going to get rid of health inequity in our country these barriers have to be removed so that everyone can have equitable access to all parts of the system. The picture that I posted above demonstrates health inequity in showing the people on different levels all trying to reach for the apples but only 1 person being able to grab one. On the far end of the picture health equity is shown with all 3 people being able to grab apples out of the tree after the barriers were removed.

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As a Christian in who I believe in god and attend church twice a week and study my bible. The way I feel is not me going against my religion. In my church or outside church friends who have expressed their wants in a connection with god but feel that the church judges them based on their sexuality or physical appearance. Intersectionality is a framework for understanding the aspects of an individual's social and political identities and can be affected by the amount of discrimination or disadvantages. I have had friends that I've invited friends to church and I've been denied my offer multiple times. Their response is always "well I don't define myself by my gender", "I have a partner of the same sexuality" or, "I don't dress feminine or masculine enough" "ill be judged because I don't believe in god". Many of these comments have actually been made to me based off my invitation, and its so sad to think that other people of the same religion look down on these groups of people. I try my very best to not make the people I know from my church to be this way. These groups of individuals all mostly have the same opinion because of the way society looks at them. To me, this is so heartbreaking and as public health majors, we definitely need to do something about this and help continue to change and evolve for equity as humans! So think to yourself maybe is there something different we can do in our daily lives to help these groups of individuals feel comfortable in their own selves and allow them to feel welcomed anywhere.

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This photo is from 2020 during the pandemic.

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Health inequity refers to health disparities specific groups of people face compared to other protected groups due to power. In society, discrimination and racism have been institutionalized and practiced in the modern day, causing marginalized populations to be disadvantaged when improving health. Health inequity highlights how specific groups are systematically oppressed through gentrification and accessibility to quality resources to improve health. In the photo above, people walk across avoiding a health center. Walking towards the facility looks like a maze, capturing the challenges minority groups face entering healthcare. These barriers may include transportation, insurance, payment, and quality of services. Everyone should have the opportunity to reach their highest health potential.

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I chose the image above because it displays how a person's social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege. For instance up above we see how having a disability can lead to ableism, having a different sexual orientation can lead to individuals being homophobic and even being a different gender a person can experience discrimination with sexism. This is so crucial to understand because discrimination is so prominent in our society and we need to be knowledgeable how our identities can lead to us being more or less privileged.

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Intersectionality refers to the various identities we hold as individuals that create who we are. Identities include race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, ability, and other prominent categorizations that often contribute a significant part of an individual's identity. The experiences humans have differ from each person to the next, because we all have our own set of intersecting identities that contribute to our perspectives. In the image I chose, there are varying individuals that are representing different components of their identities, many of which I mentioned previously. The image also shows each identity in a form of a ven diagram, indicating there is overlapping and intersecting of other parts of their identity. Several of these identities can put a person at advantages or disadvantages in their life, which is found both directly and indirectly in the image. For example, the image shows gender symbols and two people on an equally-balanced scale, but oftentimes gender identity can lead to discrimination in several environments. The image ultimately recognizes the characteristics that diversify individuals, serving as a reminder that several identities often place individuals at significant difficulties and hurdles to cross over.

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Health equity is the opportunity for every individual to have fair and equal quality treatment to be healthy. In order to achieve health equity, barriers and disparities such as age, gender, race discrimination, poverty, poor education, low-paying jobs, unemployment, and poor housing conditions must be addressed and possibly eliminated. When addressing these disparities, it is  important to focus on disadvantaged populations that are economically or socially underprivileged and have inadequate access to health-promoting resources or other opportunities. Based on the visual, this best illustrates health equity as it shows that every individual has a type of disability or health condition that is given assistance. For example, the elderly man with a cane and the lady in the wheelchair both have disabilities in the image, but with the implementation of a ramp and a crosswalk signal and speaker was able to accommodate their disabilities when crossing the street. As well, the child and the man in the image are guided to crosswalk the street with the sign signal and speaker. This allows all individuals who are walking to be guided and safe.

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Cultural humility describes an individuals commitment to not only learning but genuinely understanding the importance of a person's cultural beliefs and identities. This image portrays many people from varying backgrounds and cultures saying "hello" in different languages. This provides an accurate example of cultural humility because is shows the attempt of peop;e from differing backgrounds going out of their way and trying to share and understand the culture of those around them through their languages. By trying to learn another's language or making an effort to understand the words they are saying, these individuals are taking a step toward practicing cultural humility.

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Health Equity is the opportunity for all people to achieve optimal health based on each one's different needs. The difference between health equality and equity is that equity focuses on the needs of different individuals. Resources are distributed differently based on these needs to reach an optimal health outcome for each individual. I chose this image as it shows how many factors can go into health equity, not just within the health field, but society as a whole. Each section shows that many facets of society can affect each individual's health opportunities, resources, and treatments.

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This illustration shows a patient entrusting two health providers with their health concerns in a medical facility as they listen to her with respect. 

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Cultural Humility refers to an individual's willingness to self-reflect and continually learn about others' cultural backgrounds, beliefs, attitudes, and values. This process allows individuals to grow by understanding how other cultures differ from their cultural backgrounds and how to communicate with others by being culturally sensitive. By eliminating previous biases or preconceived notions, the individual can ask questions to help further their cultural knowledge and connect with others from a new perspective. I chose this image because the picture shows the two healthcare providers listening to their patient attentively so that they can meet their health concerns and needs. Cultural humility promotes inclusivity and qualitative patient care in public health. Healthcare professionals that practice cultural humility build trust and comfort in their patients, centering their treatment around the patient's preference for care.
- Ellen Bui

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Health Equity can described as the opportunity for every individual to have an equal and just opportunity to achieve the highest and optimal level of health. I really enjoyed how the book put it into a the simple definition of everyone getting what they need, even if certain individuals need a little more than others. When it comes to one's health, every inidivual should be given the same opportunity to achieve optimal health. It is important to not only recognize that some have unequal opportunities as a result of discrimination and racism but to act on it to make health equity happen. The image I chose illustrates the importance of programs being put into place to help those who have been marginalized due to oppression or disabilities. It is essential to provide the resources necessary to those who do not have the same accessibility to anything they may need to be the healthiest version of themselves.

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The best way to describe equity alone it means that their is no unfair or difference between groups or individuals. So when it comes to health equity it would mean that everyone involved has a fair opportunity in attaining the highest level of health. Health equity’s number 1 role is to eliminate all disparities that are present in both health and health care. With the photo above it demonstrates how with everyone being equal their is still an unfair advantage when it comes to viewing the soccer game. Now with the side showing equity it demonstrating how they aided the individual that is shorter than the other two and providing the child an opportunity to view the game just like that other two individuals.

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Cultural humility is the ability to self- reflect about one’s culture not only by learning about another’s culture but by examining their own beliefs. The goals for cultural humility is be aware of one’s culture values and beliefs to be able to form a connection and combination to other culture to increase understanding. I chose this image because it is important to for individuals in the healthcare system to practice culture humility to be able to create a better atmosphere to clients.
-Jocelyn amador

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Equity is defined as the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically. Therefore, health inequities involve more than lack of equal access to needed resources to maintain or improve health outcomes. The equitable solution allocates the exact resources that each person needs to access the fruit, leading to positive outcomes for both individuals. Therefore, in the picture you can see the two individuals with two different ladders which the ladders can mean the different group they may be in, the status they are in but both groups are able to grab fruits from the tree in order for both groups to eat or in this case, have positive outcomes for both individuals. I chose this image as you can see the sides of the tree is unequal as one is leaning more lower than the other; but, the ladder makes it both equal for both groups to bear fruit.

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According to the text, to have health equity is to have the equal opportunity to be healthy regardless of the circumstances that reduces access to healthy care, education, safe environment, etc. such as poverty or discrimination. The picture showcases health equity because every individual in the image are at the same height to view the scenery of the mountain, regardless of the differing heights of every individual at the beginning which can be equivalent to the individual’s circumstances that reduces the opportunity to be healthy. Although each individual received different number of boxes to help view the mountain, the one box for the middle person, and the two boxes for the person on the far right helps every individual in the image receive equity.

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Cultural humility is the ability to make lifelong commitments to self evaluating and critiquing one’s own power imbalances by learning about the differences between one’s culture and the many other cultures through communication and interactions. Learning about other peoples culture, beliefs, morals, values, and more is required to develop the professional humbleness in reducing implicit bias in any situation. Cultural humility is not something that can be easily done, especially alone, and requires the want for change using connections to many other individuals and cultures.

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Discrimination toward working women, especially women in higher lever management, takes root from a common gendered culture in the workplace. Influenced by this gendered culture, senior managers, who are primarily male, construct a "gendered" culture that excludes and devalues women. This culture is comprised of a number of organizational norms and practices that support and encourage and beliefs, stereotypes, behaviors in favor of "masculine" managers. Put another way, they believe men are more appropriate in leadership roles than women. Besides, women of color often suffer negative stereotypes in the workplace. For example, Asian women are usually seen as quiet, submissive, and obedient, which are not good characteristics for a leader who is supposed to be tough, unemotional, self-reliant, sometimes even ruthless, and aggressive. Therefore, women of color are discriminated not by their gender but also by their race.