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Epigenetics (sometimes also called epigenomics) is a field of study focused on changes in DNA that do not involve alterations in the underlying sequence. The letters in DNA and the proteins that interact with DNA can have chemical modifications that change the level at which genes are turned on and off. Certain epigenetic modifications can be passed from the parent cell to the daughter cell during cell division or from one generation to the next. The set of all epigenetic changes in a genome is called the epigenome.

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DNA modifications that do not change the DNA sequence can affect gene activity. Chemical compounds that are added to individual genes can regulate their activity. These modifications are known as epigenetic changes.

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Epigenetic changes can help determine whether genes are on or off and can influence the protein production of certain cells, ensuring that only the necessary proteins are produced

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What is epigenetics? - Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna

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The most typical example, to understand it, would be that of monozygotic twins: they have the same DNA but they can be different and, above all, have different diseases.

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Epigenetics plays a fundamental role in the development of prevalent diseases (cardiovascular, cancer and brain). Thus, for example, mechanisms such as memory and learning, cognitive deterioration associated with old age or behavioral disorders, are largely epigenetically regulated..