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(The Moveee, 2023) explains that the hadandawa is a traditional dance performed by the nomadic pastoral people of the Beja tribe. The tribe was known for making knives and swords for fights and battles. The dancers commonly wear traditional Sudanese clothing, which adds to the cultural and visual appeal. The presence of women’s dances conveys a sense of peace, love, and joy. The dance culture is very rich in Sudan and embraces their everyday life to express joy and good spirit.

The Moveee (2023, July 14). The Moveee. https://themoveee.com/the-dance-of-tradition/

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Smith, W. (2013, November 19). flag of the Sudan. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sudan-flag-of-The

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(Milner & Khawaja, 2010) State that 9 countries in North Africa surround Sudan. Most Sudanese refugees survived some of the worst forms of violence, threats, and human brutality to their own lives and their families due to the First World War, which began in 1955 and lasted until 1972, with over 500,000 people killed. According to (Murray, 2010), more than 20,000 refugees resettled in Australia since 1996. In 2006, it was stated that around 70% of Sudanese refugees were given no information about Australia before arriving, which resulted in extreme resettlement issues. Furthermore, this increased Sudanese people's levels of mental health issues.

Murray, K. E. (2010). Sudanese Perspectives on Resettlement in Australia. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.30

Milner, K., & Khawaja, N. G. (2010). Sudanese Refugees in Australia: The Impact of Acculturation Stress. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.19

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For me, the most relevant aspect of Competency Standard 1.2 from the (Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019) was trauma-informed care, particularly in understanding and addressing trauma’s impacts. I developed my understanding that a trauma-informed approach is crucial for effective care. I gained the ability to analyse scenarios where refugees exhibit agitation or aggression, which will assist me with future healthcare interactions.

This awareness is essential in the workplace as it enhances my ability to provide patient-centred, holistic care. By integrating trauma awareness into assessments and treatments, I improve my quality of care to better support patients from diverse backgrounds, tailoring to their needs.

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds competency standards frameworks for clinicians.

https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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BBC News. (2019, May 31). GM fungus rapidly kills 99% of malaria mosquitoes, study suggests. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-48464510

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Common Health issue and treatment options 

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Common Health issue and treatment options 

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(World Health Organisation, 2022) explains that Sudanese refugees face health concerns with Malaria, leading to 61% mortality. It is caused by the genus Plasmodium parasite transmitted by mosquitoes, which injects sporozoites into the bloodstream, leading to replication. This results in increasing numbers of anaemia and economic burdens on families. (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, n.d.) states refugees with positive screening tests are treated with a three-day course of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Administration (20+120 mg) for adults, children’s dosages are based on their weight. Tablets are taken orally with fatty meals, equalling 24 tablets in 6 doses.

Australian Refugee Health practice guide. (n.d.). Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/

World Health Organisation. (2022, April 25). WHO congratulates Sudan on adopting the “High burden to high impact” approach? https://www.who.int/news/item/25-04-2022-who-congratulates-sudan-on-adopting-the-high-burden-to-high-impact-approach

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(Street artist Medo Kagonka) Pulitzer Centre. (2021, July 1). Art on the front lines of a changing Sudan. https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/art-front-lines-changing-sudan

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This mural above is located on the wall of the Kratomoums morgue, where more than 200 bodies remain; many were protesters violently shot dead during the revolution. The art of Sudan boasts a dynamic scene that conveys its historically diverse and rich culture explained by (Pulitzer Centre, 2021). This art paves the way for stimulating global conversations while providing meaningful ways for individuals to express and transform the challenging emotions they may face into compelling stories shown in paintings.

Pulitzer Centre. (2021, July 1). Art on the front lines of a changing Sudan. https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/art-front-lines-changing-sudan

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Hynie, M. (2018). The Social Determinants of Refugee Mental Health in the Post-Migration Context: A Critical Review. Canadian journal of psychiatry, 63(5), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743717746666

Murray, K. E. (2010). Sudanese Perspectives on Resettlement in Australia. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.30

World Health Organization. (2024). Social Determinants of Health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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Rojas-Sandoval, J. (2022, November 21). Acacia polyacantha (white thorn). CABI Compendium, CABI Compendium. https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.2187

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(Karar & Kuhnert, 2017) Sudanese traditional medicine is characterised by a deep-rooted blend of Islamic, Arabic and African cultures. More than 90% of the Sudanese population relies on traditional medicines for their primary healthcare, which may be due to the lack of access to affordable care or limited resources.

One prominent example involves the dual use of plants for both nutrition and medicine within the Sudanese culture. For instance, A. polyacantha, (Abu-Sincina) is a plant from the Fabaceae family. They use its leaves for smoke infusion and decoction. It is also commonly used in the treatment of jaundice, sexual debility, and rheumatic pain.

Kuhnert, N., & Karar, M. E. (2017). Herbal drugs from Sudan: Traditional uses and phytoconstituents. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 11(22), 83. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_15_15

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Traditional Ful Medames bean dish Saffron & Herbs - COOKING WITH AROMATIC HERBS & SPICES. (n.d.). Ful Medames (Egyptian Fava Bean Stew) - Saffron & Herbs. https://saffronandherbs.com/2023/01/16/ful-medames-egyptian-fava-bean-stew/.

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Ful Medames is a seasonal dish that dates back to ancient times. Ful Medames is seen not only as a cuisine but also as a symbol of unity that transcends a shared heritage throughout regions. According to (travelandmunchies, 2022), the dish plays a central role in bringing communities together to savour the rich cultural meal. The unique cooking style and locally grown ingredients are the main factors behind this meal and its culinary richness. Ful Medames is a blend of fava beans soaked overnight and cooked until tender in a mixture of other ingredients.

travelandmunchies. (2022, December 12). Simple and Hearty Sudanese Ful Medames and Homemade Pita. https://travelandmunchies.com/simple-and-hearty-sudanese-ful-medames-and-homemade-pita/