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Citizenship in the Early Republic (1790)

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Citizenship in the Early Republic (1790)

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The first naturalization act, passed by Congress on March 26, 1790 (1 Stat. 103), provided that any free, white, adult alien, male or female, who had resided within the limits and jurisdiction of the United States for a period of 2 years was eligible for citizenship.

this made it so people could become citizens of the US but under heavy restrictions

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Voting Qualifications in the Early Republic (1787)

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Voting Qualifications in the Early Republic (1787)

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Only white men age 21 and older who own land can vote.

in the original republic only white male land owners were able to vote, and this is because they were also the only people to have power/ a say in what went in to the constitution so they got to make the rules, this is a major constriction because it only let a select few to vote, and they were already getting everything they wanted

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Universal male suffrage was re-established in France in the wake of the French Revolution of 1848. In the United States, the rise of Jacksonian democracy from the 1820s to 1850s led to a close approximation of universal manhood suffrage among white people being adopted in all states by 1856.

this expanded voting rights, by giving all white men the right to vote, this is important because its the first step in the long line of expansions, but its an extremely small one, only giving all white men the right to vote

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Felony disenfranchisement in the United States is the suspension or withdrawal of voting rights due to the conviction of a criminal offense

As of 2020, 5.2 million Americans were prohibited from voting due to laws that disenfranchise, and these rules differ from state to state by they prevent convicted people or post convicts, but if you are charged for a election offence you are prohibited from voting in any state

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grant citizenship to “All persons born or naturalized in the United States,” thereby granting citizenship to formerly enslaved people and equal protection of the law

the purpose of the 14th amendment was to end slavery, but it also gave citizens ship to all Americans that were born in the US, and in doing this they got to be citizens (of course this still wasn't entirely true and people didn't get true freedom to vote for many decades)

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By this most white men without property were enfranchised. But African Americans, women, Native Americans, non-English speakers, and citizens between the ages of 18 and 21 had to fight for the right to vote in this country.

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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

this gave African Americans the right to vote,

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poll taxes were taxes at voting polls, they were used as a way to raise money, but in reality, they were used to prevent former slaves from voting

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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

this gave women the right to vote, at this point many states had already allowed this to happen but it was now federal law,

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Literacy Tests were used to prevent former slaves from voting, this is because it was illegal to teach a slave how to read or write before the 13th amendment.

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allows American citizens residing in the District of Columbia to vote for presidential electors, who in turn vote in the Electoral College for President and Vice President

this once again expanded the right to vote because it allowed the people in Washington DC the right to vote for the president

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constitutional mechanism passed by seven Southern states during Reconstruction to deny suffrage to Blacks. It meant that those who had enjoyed the right to vote prior to 1867, or their lineal descendants, would be exempt from educational, property, or tax requirements for voting.

the clause said you could not vote unless your grandfather had voted -- an impossibility for most people whose ancestors were slaves.

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Not long ago, citizens in some states had to pay a fee to vote in a national election. This fee was called a poll tax. On January 23, 1964, the United States ratified the 24th Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.

the main point of poll taxes was to prevent people of color from voting, specially former slaves because people knew they wouldn't have any money so it was to take their right away,

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Voter ID laws in the United States are laws that require a person to provide some form of official identification before they are permitted to register to vote, receive a ballot for an election, or to actually vote in elections in the United States.

voter ID laws are laws that require you to show ID when you vote, this is just to make sure they know who you are when you vote, and that you only vote once. the state gets to decide what is required.

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B.

this expanded voting because it prevented people of color to be rejected or prevented (such as poll tax or tests) allowing people of color to have the right to vote without some kind of added prevention

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Florida try admitting laws to prevent voting early (2012)

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Florida try admitting laws to prevent voting early (2012)

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former GOP party chairman in Florida admitted a law restricting early voting was passed specifically because “early voting is bad for Republican Party candidates.” many other states adopted theses plans as well

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Passed by Congress March 23, 1971, and ratified July 1, 1971, the 26th amendment granted the right to vote to American citizens aged eighteen or older.

they did this because, the draft age was 18, and it seemed not right to have people be sent to war, but then also not be able to vote and have their voice heard by the government

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On June 25, 2013, the United States Supreme Court held that it is unconstitutional to use the coverage formula in Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act to determine which jurisdictions are subject to the preclearance requirement of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act,

Section 4
the right to register and vote may not be denied to those individuals who have completed the sixth grade in a public school, such as those in Puerto Rico, where the predominant classroom language is a language other than English.

this part of the act was seen as unconstitutional and was repealed from the act,

Section 5
was designed to ensure that voting changes in covered jurisdictions could not be implemented used until a favorable determination has been obtained. The requirement was enacted in 1965 as temporary legislation, to expire in five years, and applicable only to certain states.

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 Voting Rights Act expanded to protect language minorities (1975)

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 Voting Rights Act expanded to protect language minorities (1975)

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Congress added new provisions to the Voting Rights Act to protect members of language minority groups. The amendments required jurisdictions with significant numbers of voters who have limited or no proficiency in English to provide voting materials in other languages and to provide multilingual assistance at the polls.

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“exact match” system. The program suspends a person’s voting status if the information they enter on their voter registration form doesn’t precisely match state driver’s license and social security records.

these means if Someone goes by a nickname such as tom short for Thomas, and they put the wrong name on voting registration their file is put into pending until it is fixed the many point of doing this is to prevent people of color for voting once again, and it is a clear act of racism

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 Voting Rights Act expanded to protect language minorities (1975)

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 Voting Rights Act expanded to protect language minorities (1975)

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Congress passed a law extending the Voting Rights Act for another 25 years. As part of the extension, Congress required states to take steps to make voting more accessible for the elderly and people with disabilities.

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The efforts to restrict voting have continued into this year. As of January 14, legislators in at least 27 states have introduced, pre-filed, or carried over 250 bills with restrictive provisions, compared to 75 such bills in 24 states on January 14, 2021.

this just goers to show how the right to vote is always trying to be restricted, and if people stop voting they will lose the ability all together

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in responds to the pandemic and the presidential election, many states changed their mail in ballot laws, this was a wonderful responds to COVID, because it still allowed the elderly to vote but also make sure they were being safe