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*The author made the strong contrast of Briony's inner repentance and her strong personal desires to show how a human's spirit will choose on the question of good or evil.
* through fiction vs fiction, the narrator shows us the struggle of anxious feelings, leaving a rational insight into the hearts of meditation.
* techniques of the meta-fiction are carried out on one hand to celebrate imagination creation.
* On the other hand validity of reproduction is questioned with a strong sense of self-consciousness through language,literature and fiction.

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13 year old Briony Tallis vs Old Briony Tallis.

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*On the last part of the novel,England 1999's. The author uses Fiction within Fiction.
*Briony clearly writes the incident that occurred in the past.
*We find another story within the novel. Novel opens with a 13 year old narrator, Briony Tallis describes the melodramatic atmosphere, the ends with a 7 year old Briony Tallis.

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The mind of the protagonist is clearly pictured through this intertextual reference of art. Gainsborough’s portraits are often displays the unique individuality

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*The picturisation of the mansion in this novel is very minute when compared to other postmodern text of the age.
*To enhance the characters disturbed mind author uses the reference to the artist Thomas Gainsborough and his portraits.
*The text says "The portrait, in the style f Gainsborough, showed an aristocratic family - parents, two teenage girls and an infant, all thin-lipped, and pale as ghouls - posed before a vaguely Tuscan landscape" (McEwan, 126). The portrait which is a part of the household is portraying a happy family with a background of Tuscan landscape.

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Basically this is an 18th century Neo-classical style of interior design and architecture.

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The Piazza Berberini is used to describe the architectural features of the Tallis family paves way to its Allergorical symbolism.

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Piazza Barberini in Rome: the square with famous fountains by Bernini and the Museum of Ancient Art

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Piazza Barberini named after the aristocratic Renaissance-era family to whom Palazzo Barberini belonged. Famous two fountains by Bernini located in the square and it is surrounded by luxury hotels, restaurants and bars

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The novel itself is a reproduction of the past baroque architecture in some instances.

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France second world war-  INTERTEXTUALITY

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France second world war-  INTERTEXTUALITY

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On the second part of the book, the family presented is a replica of ARISTOCRACY.

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Briony Tallis is engaged with Lennox's character.

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Jane Auten's protagonist from Northanger Abbey

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Ian McEwan's main character from Atonement

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Begins with a quote from a novel of Jane Austen, Northanger.

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Shades of Austen in Ian McEwan's Atonement - The Jane Austen ...

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Shades of Austen in Ian McEwan's Atonement - The Jane Austen ...