# data[].attributes.body
LO1 Relate the pathophysiology of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised host to its
clinical presentations

- Opportunistic infection: Pneumocystis jiroveci (disease, epidemiology, virulence)

- Stages for HIV (briefly)

- Pathogenesis, risk factors, complication for PCP

- Pathophysiology of symptoms (Worsening SOB, intermittent fever with chills, dry cough)

- Pathophysiology of emaciation, pathophysiology of crepitation, breath sounds (briefly)

LO2 Interpret the investigation results for PCP and HIV

- Pathophysiology of PE (PR, RR, BP, O2 Saturation) – state normal range, Interpretation and pathophysiology of FBC

- Interpretation and pathophysiology of ABG, mechanism of respiratory alkalosis and compensation

LO3 Apply the knowledge of pharmacology to treat PCP

- Treatment and management (antimicrobial agent MOA and HAART)

LO4 Discuss the ethical concerns with regard to PCP and HIV

- MERCI – advice, relationship, transmission mode for HIV

# data[].attributes.headline
He was diagnosed to have pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) with AIDS 

# data[].attributes.subject
He was diagnosed to have pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) with AIDS 

# data[].attributes.body
- AIDS main factor due to low immune system
-

# data[].attributes.body
normal - 500-1500cells/mm3

# data[].attributes.headline
Bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) for Pneumocystis jiroveci : Detected

# data[].attributes.subject
Bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) for Pneumocystis jiroveci : Detected

# data[].attributes.body
- definition
- learn more

# data[].attributes.body
pH: High, ALKALOSIS
pCO2: Low
pO2: Low,

Bicarbonate: Low
Base Excess: High

To assess lung and kidney bcoz both of these relate with acid base balanceAlkalosis
(check whether respiratory or metabolic alkalosis)
Low pCO2 and pO2 indicate respiratory alkalosis – that’s why he hyperventilating to remove CO2
Low bicarbonate and high BE show respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation

# data[].attributes.body
FBC

Hb: Low

TWBC: Low

Platelet: Low

PANCYTOPENIA
Bone marrow suppression, infection of bone marrow

# data[].attributes.headline
Lung auscultation revealed generalised fine end inspiratory crepitations

# data[].attributes.subject
Lung auscultation revealed generalised fine end inspiratory crepitations

# data[].attributes.body
- visceral or bronchial sound
- learn more on breath sounds

# data[].attributes.body
- Abnormally thin and weak due to illness or lack of food (indicate weight loss and fatigue)
- pale
- muscle wasting , cachexia???
- havent reached cachexia
- reduction of body weight is more than 20%

# data[].attributes.headline
respiratory rate of 24/minute, blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg and oxygen saturation of 85%

# data[].attributes.subject
respiratory rate of 24/minute, blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg and oxygen saturation of 85%

# data[].attributes.body
-High RR
-Normal but at the lowest limit for diastolic, hypotension

- Low O2 saturation (Normal: 95%)

# data[].attributes.headline
his temperature was 38.5ºC with pulse rate of 110 beats/minute,

# data[].attributes.subject
his temperature was 38.5ºC with pulse rate of 110 beats/minute,

# data[].attributes.body
- pulse rate increased
- High temperature ( low / border line grade )
-High PR

# data[].attributes.headline
 Admitted with three months history of worsening shortness of breath. It was associated with intermittent fever with chills and dry cough.

# data[].attributes.subject
 Admitted with three months history of worsening shortness of breath. It was associated with intermittent fever with chills and dry cough.

# data[].attributes.body
- prolonged
- Systemic review SOB due to cvs, respi, cns,
- dry cough, no sputum
- fever infection
- lungs can be affected , originates from lungs and gives a systemic review
eg, TB

# data[].attributes.headline
Diagnosed to have HIV infection on highly active anti-retroviraltherapy (HAART)

# data[].attributes.subject
Diagnosed to have HIV infection on highly active anti-retroviraltherapy (HAART)

# data[].attributes.body
- patient immunocompromised
- maybe side effect
- HIV could be risk factor
- learn more on treatment
- stages of HIV

# data[].attributes.body
- middle aged
- marriage status unknown
-

# data[].attributes.body
Mr Raju, a 37-year-old man, has been diagnosed to have HIV infection on highly active anti-retroviral
therapy (HAART), was admitted with three months history of worsening shortness of breath. It was
associated with intermittent fever with chills and dry cough.
On physical examination, his temperature was 38.5ºC with pulse rate of 110 beats/minute,
respiratory rate of 24/minute, blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg and oxygen saturation of 85% (room
air). He looked emaciated and lung auscultation revealed generalised fine end inspiratory
crepitations. Other systemic examinations were unremarkable