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The diamond rush initiated in Kimberly South Africa. The De Beers Company accounted for 90 percent of the world’s diamond production by 1891. Diamonds were used to forge cutting tools and create jewelry.

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Ivory was product of elephant tusks. Ivory trade took place in the Ivory Coast of Africa. It was used for piano keys, billiard balls, knife handles, and ornamental carvings.

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The palm oil is native to West Africa. Palm oil plantations were established by European colonists in Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. Palm oil was used as a lubricant for machinery during the industrial revolution.

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Rubber trees are indigenous to South America's Amazon rainforest. Seeds from Brazil were sent to Sri Lanka and Singapore. This later allowed for rubber plantations in Malaya, Indochina, the Dutch East Indies, and parts of Southeast Asia. Rubber was crucial in the manufacturing of tires, hoses, gaskets, waterproof clothing, etc.

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Cotton originated in Africa, Egypt and India. The raw cotton from India and Egypt were used to make the textiles that Britain exported around the world. Additionally, the British textile factories relied on American cotton for 80% of their supplies during the Industrial Revolution.

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European powers began to establish control over the guano islands and exporting guano to agricultural regions around the world, signifying the expansion of European empires. The trade in guano generated significant profits and allowed cash crops to efficiently be cultivated.

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The economic growth of European countries was facilitated by the cultivation of cash crops, which allowed European powers to extract valuable resources and make huge profits. These profits were used to fund the expansion of European industries, including railways. Ultimately, railroads aided in European imperialization.

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The telegraph made it easier for ideas and cultural influences to diffuse, which gave European powers more influence over their colonies. The telegraph made it possible for businesses and governments to communicate more quickly over great distances further developing the economy and international trade.

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Steamships enabled efficient transportation of goods, people, etc. over long distances. This made it easy for European powers to expand their influence and empires. Steamships facilitated the expansion of international trade and commerce by making it simpler to reach distant markets and resources.

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Cecil Rhodes founded the British South Africa Company(De Beers Diamonds), which further aided the British imperialization of Southern Africa. In addition, the company heavily controlled Southern Africa's mineral resources, such as diamonds and gold.

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The construction of railroads allowed imperial powers to go deeper into the territories they were colonizing. This permitted them to better exploit and efficiently extract resources which led to economic development.