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The name Kadazan, also known as Dusun or Kadazan Dusun, refers to a variety of people that collectively make up the biggest indigenous ethnic group in the Malaysian state of Sabah, which is located near the northeastern tip of the island of Borneo.

They communicate using the Austronesian language Kadazan, also known as Kadazandusun in some instances. The Kadazan formerly resided in 150–200 person longhouses in sizable familial groupings.

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Siamese Malaysians: Born in their blood, not in their births 

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Siamese Malaysians: Born in their blood, not in their births 

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People of complete or partial Thai ancestry who were born in or moved to Malaysia are known as Malaysian Siamese, Siamese Malaysians, or Thai Malaysians. Despite the fact that some members of the Siamese population are recent immigrants, the Siamese have resided in the northern region of peninsular Malaysia for hundreds of years.

50,211 people of Thai descent were recorded in Malaysia in 2000, of whom 38,353 (or 76.4%) were Malaysian citizens. These people primarily resided in rural areas of the northern provinces of Kelantan, Perak, Kedah, and Perlis, which are close to the Thai border.

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The indigenous or aboriginal people of Peninsular Malaysia are commonly referred to as "Orang Asli," a name that was formally created in 1960. The Orang Asli, who make up around 200,000 individuals (or 0.6% of Malaysia's total population), are Peninsular Malaysia's "first people" or first settlers.

The Orang Asli are "the descendants of the earliest known inhabitants who occupied the Malay Peninsula before the establishment of the Malay kingdoms," according to Colin Nicholas, a major expert on the Orang Asli.

Harry Lake, a mining engineer for the Johor government at the time, said in 1894 that the ancestors of the Orang Asli "roamed the jungle long before the advent of the Malays."

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1. Baba Nyonya

- Bakul Sia dance

2. Kadazandusun

- Sumazau dance

3. Malaysian Siamese

- Menora dance
- Dikir Barat dance

4. Minangkabau

- Piring dance
- Randai dance

5. Orang Asli

- Sewang dance

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This whole page's motive is to show the diversity of the different cultures of traditional dances in Malaysia which will be specifically mentioned in this Padlet page, and those cultures include Baba Nyonya, Kadazandusun, Malaysian Siamese, Minangkabau and Orang Asli.

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The Baba and Nyonya are Chinese of aristocratic origin who assimilated much of Malay culture into their own, often known as Straits-born Chinese or Peranakan.

Numerous waves of Chinese immigrants landed in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore as a result of the economic troubles on the Chinese mainland. They are known as the Peranakans because some of them adopted local customs while maintaining some elements of their ancestral culture.

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Elegant and beautiful are the words they deserved to be described! 

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To be honest, it's difficult to choose a favourite aspect of the Baba-Nyonya and Peranakan Chinese cultures because they both have so many distinctive cultural elements. However, their unique indigenous Peranakan dance sticks out (mostly known in the community as tarian bakul sia). Which is a cultural dance of the Baba Nyonya culture, which is performed by a group of six to eight female dancers known as Nyonya.

In this one-of-a-kind artistic and cultural presentation, dancers wear lovely traditional attire and use bakul sia and handkerchiefs as props. The wood, bamboo, or rattan baskets, which are often coloured black, crimson, and gold, are a sign of affluence.

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The Sia basket is composed of supple bamboo that has been covered in heavy paper. Typically, the decoration consists of paintings with floral or fretwork themes against a background of Chinese or Baba Nyonya culture. This basket serves as both a food container and a foundation for wedding presents given by the groom to the bride or the other way around.

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The dance movement depicts the civility and delicacy of the Baba Nyonya ladies, and the music for the dance is in the keroncong (traditional) beat. Trilalila Dance is another name for this dance. (✿◠‿◠)

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The signature dance of Sabah is the tarian Sumazau. The largest indigenous community in Sabah, the Kadazan and Dusun (or Kadazandusun), created this traditional dance.

Sumazau is often danced in groups of male and female partner pairs, moving to the beat of a gong and a drum. Sumazau is typically played during festivals and cultural events.

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Additionally, shawls and belts (tangkong) fashioned of silver coins are used by female dancers. Male dancers typically use a unique hat (tanjak) and dried salad leaves that are fastened around the waist. Six gongs of varying sizes and a gendang beat in time with the Sumazau Dance.

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In Kadazan, "dance" is referred to as sumazau. It comes in a variety of styles and goes by the names Sumayau, Mongigol, and Maragang among various Kadazandusun tribes. The most traditional rendition is by the Kadazan Penampang, a Kadazandusun sub-ethnic group residing on Sabah's west coast. When Malaysians discuss Sabah, images of couples dancing Sumazau in Kadazan Penampang come to mind.

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Mimicking the mannerism of a flying bird

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Sumazau dancers' hands move in a manner reminiscent of a bird's wings in flight, while their feet pulse to the rhythm of gongs. Couples of dancers perform; they stand facing one another and elevate their heels as they take short steps in time with the music being played. Dancers spread out their hands during the dance to mimic the motions of a bird's wing when it is flying.  Both male and female dancers perform Sumazau; they don all-black gowns embroidered with lovely designs in gold thread.

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Sumazau is frequently performed at weddings, festivals, parties, social gatherings, tourist attractions, and official welcomes. Tourists who wish to explore Sabah's vibrant cultures should also attempt this dance. Sumazau is generally a joyful dance, thus you won't see someone doing it while looking downcast.

The Sumazau dance serves the ceremonial purposes listed below:

In order to secure a plentiful harvest, it is necessary to revive "Bambaazon" (the rice spirit).

To heal a disease, call upon the spirits of the afterlife.

Rejoice  victorious retreat from head-hunting

To placate the miontong (home spirit guardian) so that everything returns to normal.

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The community was once referred to as "Thais," but recently altered their self-designation to "Siamese" since many were becoming perplexed and believing they were from Thailand while really residing in Malaysia.

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Menora is a Siamese dance drama performance that is traditionally performed in Malaysia, particularly in the states of Perlis, Kelantan, and Kedah. It entails acting, dancing, and singing. Additionally, it shares certain characteristics with the Makyung, Mek Mulung, and Jikey traditional theatres. The 12 stories that were presented mostly included fantastical elements involving gods and spirits. Characters called "Peran" perform comical scenes in these tales. Because Menora's traditional theatre originally featured performances in Buddhist temples, it incorporates aspects of Buddhism as well.

The Menora can be used for ritual, amusement, and therapeutic purposes. Initially, it was thought that the Menora performance included 12 dance steps and positions.

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The term nora is a shortened version of Manora, a well-known ancient tale's heroine who frequently provides the basis for this kind of dance-drama. 

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Though, the acts of Menora leaders, who develop new dance moves in accordance with the times and adapt them to taste while keeping their originality, are causing this dance movement to vanish with time.

The Tarian Masuk dance, the Burung Kenari dance, the Gerak Tari Pencak Besar dance, or goose movement dance, the Gerak Penjuru Kecil dance based on elephant movement, and the dance of Labah-Labah (spider) spinning their webs are among the dances that are frequently performed.

The dance steps used to enter the ring are known as the "Tarian Masuk dance." The Burung Kenari dance came about as a consequence of studying and copying bird behaviour. To do them, strong stamina is highly needed.

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Long, synthetic nails of the menora dance

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The Menora or Nora dance uses long, fake nails that are embellished with glass beads.

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Nora or Menora has its own musical culture, speaks a Southern Thai dialect, uses movement methods that seem to have originated in distant India, and has an undeniably mystical quality. Numerous theories have been made on where it came from. One idea holds that it is the foundational form of the other lakhon varieties as well as the link between the ancient theatrical traditions of the Malay Peninsula and the lakhon of Central Thailand.

The primary musical equipment used in this dance form consists of two hand cymbals, two small knobbed gongs, two wooden sticks, a barrel-shaped gendang, a reed instrument, and a single-headed drum in the shape of a vase. (*^▽^*)

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The Minangkabau, often known as the Minang, make up the majority of the Negeri Sembilan state in Peninsular Malaysia. The Minang of Malaysia are descended from the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, Indonesia, and have a distinctive culture and a long-standing royal dynasty.

Despite having their own dialect that reveals linguistic origins in the language of their Indonesian background, the Minang speak the national language of Malaysia. The Minang call themselves Orang Negeri, or person from Negeri, within Malaysia.

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Piring dance is a Minangkabau traditional plate dance. Though it is originated from Sumatra, Indonesia, the traditional dance is practiced in both Sumatra, Indonesia and Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

A group of women, men, or couples can execute the dance. They individually hold plates in their hands and quickly spin or half-rotate them in different forms and swift motions.

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Initially, this dance was a ritual of local community gratitude to the gods after obtaining abundant crops. The ritual is performed by bringing offerings in the form of food placed on a casual plate in a dynamic motion.

After the introduction of Islam into the realm of Minangkabau, the tradition of Piring dance is no longer used as a ritual of gratitude to the gods but as a means of entertainment for many people featured in the events of the crowd.

The Piring dance is generally to place two plates on both of the dancer's palms. The dancer will swing the plate in fast-paced motion and at the end of the dance, usually the plates used by the dancers are thrown to the floor and the dancers will dance on the broken pieces of the plates.

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The dance is commonly seen in the Seremban, Kuala Pilah and Rembau areas by a group of performers during weddings especially for families, nobles and tycoons in a village. Some are presented with complete costumes and some might show up in incomplete traditional dancing clothes.

A small fee will be charged if anyone were to invite this dance group to do the Piring dance. 10 - 20 minutes is provided for this dance performance.

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Both Piring and Silat dances are performed in front of the groom and bride outside of the house (where weddings are traditionally done at). A wedding or something of a party would be more lively if the Piring dance is involved. However, some people cannot accept the presence of dance groups because they are considered to be a mix of men and women. To solve the problem, the dance group was accompanied by only girls.

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The dance showcases the dancers' ability to maintain their balance while moving the ceramic plates quickly without dropping or shattering them. Dancers would swing plates around while holding the bottoms in the palms of their hands, using the inertia to prevent the plate from dropping.
(～￣▽￣)～

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Negeri Sembilan Traditional Dance #2 @ 2015 Royal FLORIA Putrajaya (4K UHD)

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One of the traditional dances of the Orang Asli (Indigenous) people of the Semai and Temiar ethnic groups in the state of Pahang is the Sewang, also known as the Jenulang Dance. According to the adequacy of the stage space, this dance mixes the elements of dance, music, and songs with 18 or more dancers of both sexes. The dance has several purposes, including amusement, the "opening up of love," marriage, pacifying the spirit of paddy, and healing.

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Sewang is thought to have been around for 100 years. It is originally a healing rite used by the Orang Asli people to treat the ill rather than a dance. Now, Sewang has been transformed into a dance performance that is typically presented during celebration events and Orang Asli custom rituals. This artistic genre incorporates aspects of singing, dance, and music.

The dance describes pleasing the spirits of one's ancestors and is associated with the preparation of a space for agricultural use. The bamboo and wood "centong" musical instrument is used to accompany this dance. The dancers use two leaf clasps as props and additional leaves, as well as wild flowers, as decorations in this performance with a ritualistic feel. A soloist sings in the midst of the circle, while the dancers walk around in a large circle while singing.

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Tok Halak, a senior citizen who is also the lead vocalist, directs this dance. The dancers march in a circle while stamping their feet on the ground, singing along to every word their leader says. A traditional musical instrument called a "Buluh Cetong" that is constructed of bamboo and pounded on a hard wood is used to accompany them.

Depending on the dancing function, there are four different dance formations. The dancers are firstly dancing in a straight line. Second, the dancers are circling each other in either a clockwise or anticlockwise motion. Thirdly, couples of both sexes execute the dance, occasionally holding hands. Fourth, work in teams.

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The purposes that danced along with Sewang

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The purposes that danced along with Sewang

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At wedding ceremonies and other events that have aspects of bliss, Sewang is danced for the purpose of gladness after rice harvesting, welcoming the homecoming of a brother who works far away, or the start of a new year.

The dance during circumcision ceremonies is known as "Ajok." The dance is done in the evening to promote healing. Until the dance is finished, visitors are not permitted to ascend the house where it is performed.

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The Sewang is one of the most obvious methods for foreigners to observe the Orang Asli culture and traditional belief systems, however the "version" they are given has been considerably altered to serve as a kind of entertainment. (*^▽^*)

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Sumazau has a strong cultural foundation in Sabah; it is to Sabahans what samba is to Brazilians. You can expect that a lot of well-known Sabah songs fall into the "Sumazau genre". Simply by listening to a few of them, such as Anak Kampung, Sayang Kinabalu, Sumandak Sabah, Original Sabahan, Jambatan Tamparuli, and Sumandak Kinabalu, Sabahans would be able to detect the particular rhythm and rhythms that inspire them to dance Sumazau. o(*￣▽￣*)ブ

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BABA NYONYA DANCE: BAKUL SIA. Baba Nyonya dance: Bakul Sia. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/state/subcategory/culture/173

Ng, S. (2023, March 29). Fun facts about Baba-Nyonya Culture & Traditions. Zafigo. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://zafigo.com/stories/zafigo-stories/20230329-fun-facts-baba-nyonya-culture-traditions/

Peranakan Life. Peranakan Life Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://www.peranakanlife.com/about/baba-nyonya-history

William, R. (2007, August 30). Peranakan: A unique culture - the Malaysian Bar. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/legal-and-general-news/general-news/peranakan-a-unique-culture

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Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Kadazan. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kadazan-people

MySabah.com. (2021, January 27). Sumazau dance, the cultural symbol of sabah. MySabah.com. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://www.mysabah.com/wordpress/sumazau-dance-of-kadazandusun/

SUMAZAU DANCE. Sumazau dance. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/culture/dis/348

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Malhi, R. S. (2021, November 27). History: The 'first people' of peninsular Malaysia. Malaysiakini. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://www.malaysiakini.com/columns/593792

THE SEWANG DANCE. The sewang dance. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/culture/dis/80

THE SEWANG OR JENULANG DANCE. The Sewang or jenulang dance. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/state/subcategory/culture/233

OA, G. (2021, May 4). Log Masuk Ke facebook. Facebook. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://m.facebook.com/geraioa/photos/the-sewang-is-one-of-the-most-visible-ways-the-orang-asli-culture-and-traditiona/10158983311252367/?locale=ms_MY

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The Malay communities in southern Thailand are where Dikir Barat is thought to have originated. The two arts of "dikir" (loosely translated as "song") and "pantun" (loosely translated as "quatrain") or "dikir" and "karut" (loosely translated as "story") came together to create the word "dikir." The notion "to tell stories in the form of quatrains or poems" is where the word "karut" comes from. As a result, the meanings of the names Dikir Barat, Dikir Karut, Dikir Pantun, and Dikir Syair are the same. Dikir Barat is a distinctive musical art form that combines singing, poetry recitation, timed dance, and of course, music. In 2009, this style of art was designated as a national treasure.

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Dikir Barat is said to have originated in southern Thailand and subsequently moved to Kelantan, where it was localised. This manifested itself in a variety of ways, including the addition of pantun (poetry) and the Kelantanese dialect to the musical medium. From Kelantan, Dikir Barat extended to Singapore and other regions of Malaysia.

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A Dikir Barat performance at a wedding ceremony

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This style of art is typically performed as entertainment or competition during the rice harvesting season and wedding festivities. The topics covered include current events and daily life in all civilizations.

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persembahan dikir barat di rumah kenduri kahwin kg sg bachok oleh kumpulan berlian muda jati tawang

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The establishment of a Dikir Barat group

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The establishment of a Dikir Barat group

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A Dikir Barat group normally consists of four key components: the tok juara (leader), the tukang karut (song starter), the awok-awok chorus of 10–15 performers, and a percussion ensemble. The tok juara establishes the performance's concept and maintains the group's cohesion throughout the performance. Common themes include love, marriage, and village or city life, as well as a wide spectrum of topical and societal issues.✧

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The tukang karut confronts opposing factions and elicits reactions. This is crucial since dikir barat is mostly a game of wits. Teams must create "a continuous stream of impromptu, rhythmic verses" while competing to mock and deride their rivals.

The tukang karut must be quick-witted and able to think quickly since he must create pantun, or four-line poetry, on the spot in response to the tok juara's topic or to refute his opponent.

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To support the words sung by the tok juara and tukang karut, the awok-awok creates enthusiasm by handclapping, chanting, and body gestures. The size of the percussion group that backs a dikir barat group varies. Two different-sized rebanas, a pair of maracas, plus a number of gongs make up a standard ensemble.

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A typical performance begins with a lyrical song by the tok juara that introduces the topic. He often sings slowly and without any other instruments. The tukang karut, who stands and moves while singing and improvising songs, follows him. The awok-awok, who are sat cross-legged on the floor, replies to the tok juara and tukang karut by singing and making rhythmic, coordinated gestures with their arms, hands, and upper bodies.

The link that's attached here tells us about the topic of the Coronavirus's living norms. Their creativity can be heard from the lyrics that the performers chanted!
o(*￣▽￣*)ブ

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Pertandingan Dikir Barat 2022: Sound Creative [1080i50]

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Dikir barat. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/state/subcategory/culture/140

Ho, S. (n.d.). Arts. Infopedia. Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2015-02-12_101207.html#:~:text=Dikir%20barat%20is%20believed%20to,the%20term%20dikir%20barat%20originated

MENORA. Menora. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/culture/dis/24

Nora, archaic dance-drama. Asian Traditional Theatre Dance. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://disco.teak.fi/asia/nora-archaic-dance-drama/

The Malaysian Siamese People In Malaysia. The Malaysian siamese people in Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://www.ipl.org/essay/The-Malaysian-Siamese-People-In-Malaysia-P3XJNR74SCF6

Tomar, K. (2023, April 6). Menora dance - Thailand. DanceAsk. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://danceask.net/menora-dance-thailand/

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Randai is derived from the term "merandai", which meaning to circle an open region in search of a lost object. The real story of Randai's birth has several different iterations. Before being immensely popular in Negeri Sembilan, Randai is thought to have originated as a subset of art in the Minangkabau people of Sumatra, Indonesia. The Minangkabau people's traditional theatre is known as Randai. Each performance incorporates aspects of acting (the performance is quite intense and passionate), humour, dancing, and music. The play's movements are all circular in nature.

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The cultural identity of Negeri Sembilan, known as Randai, comprises a variety of aspects, including as dance, martial arts, music, and literature. Randai is defined as "a type of dance danced by a group of people who stand curved while singing and clapping their hands" in the Fourth Edition of Kamus Dewan. One of the Minangkabau community's cultural arts is Randai, which is practised in the Jelebu, Kuala Pilah, and Mantin districts. In the past, it was frequently carried out during celebrations of the rice harvest, weddings, and other rituals.

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They are a group of tiny to medium-sized gongs with knobs.

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Randai performances in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan, however, have quite diverse features from one another. A performance featuring the idea of martial arts dance techniques interwoven with folk songs and accompanied by the music of caklempong, tambourine, salung, and gong can be considered as an example of the originality of the randai performance. Two gongs are used in each set, and padded sticks are used to beat them.

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In the evening, Randai is typically performed in public areas. Several hours may pass during a performance. Today's Randai performances are frequently held indoors in theatres or community centres.

The Randai language has several geographical variants because to the Minangkabau Diaspora. Taking Negeri Sembilan as an example. In contrast to the West Sumatran rendition, Randai is done with a distinctive local flair. Despite this, Randai continues to be a live example of Minangkabau inventiveness. It is covered in the Akademi Seni Kebangsaan (National Arts Academy) curriculum. In performances put on by the school, women perform with males, breaking with tradition.

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The dancers are dressed as warriors, yet the silat moves lack the violent nature of martial silat and are instead performed as a sequence of undulating gestures. With hand clapping, the dancers emphasise these motions. Silat is used in Randai to show off its adaptability.

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Each act's opening music establishes the mood for the subsequent story. It is presented as a theater in a circle to achieve equality and unity between the audience and the participants.

Stories are told through acting and singing and are mostly based on Minangkabau's lagends and folk tales.📖

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TEATER TRADISIONAL RANDAI "SI JUNDAI" (Panggung Seni Tradisional 2019)

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Kamaludin. (2020, April 21). Tarian Piring. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://tradisisarawak.blogspot.com/2020/04/tarian-piring.html

Piring dance. DBpedia. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://dbpedia.org/page/Piring_dance

Project, J. (n.d.). Minangkabau, Orang Negeri in Malaysia. Joshua Project. Retrieved April 13, 2023, from https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14208/MY

Randai. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2023, from http://malaycivilization.com.my/omeka/files/original/dc28ad84de772001ca13214fabc5067c.pdf

RANDAI. Facebook. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://www.facebook.com/minangnogori9/photos/a.691256581307802/1450122338754552/?type=3

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Nur Irdina binti Abdul Ghani ✧ LG243 ✧ 2023184623

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Nur Irdina binti Abdul Ghani ✧ LG243 ✧ 2023184623

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Dina's little note: Hello and greetings to everyone who are currently reading this! As you've already seen on the top of this picture of mine, I'm Irdina or Dina, as most would call me.

This little project's purpose is to introduce some of the traditional dances in Malaysia that you might or might not know about.

My take on this project is that Malaysian dances are magnificent and incredibly expressive. All dances have a narrative to tell, with vibrant clothing, precise movements, and captivating music.

The top traditional dances in Malaysia, some of which are traditional dance styles, which will be shown in the next upcoming sections.

Please take a seat and may you have a happy reading experience!
( •̀ ω •́ )✧