# data[].attributes.body
1.What kind of democracy did ancient Athens have?
Ancient Athens had a direct democracy, which is different from today's representative democracy. Political positions were filled by randomly selecting a citizen volunteer from a lottery system, known as sortition. In addition, any of the 6,000 citizens that attended monthly assembly meetings had the right to propose government decisions. Elections were only held for positions that required experience, like the aristocratic position of a general.

2.Which cultural VALUES or principles do you think underpinned this form of democracy?
The Athenian direct democracy valued the concept of rule by many, not by experience. They valued the principle of "anyone who wishes," meaning any citizen could attend government assembly meetings. Their government did not believe that decisions needed to be made only by aristocrats. They supported collective effort in decision making between everyone who was considered a citizen.

3.What was seen as 'civic duty' for an Athenian?
It was seen as a 'civic duty' for citizens participate in the government. Citizens were obligated to vote and engage in government decisions and assembly meetings.

KEY TERMS: democracy, lottery, sortition, election

# data[].attributes.body
1. What was the process of ostracism and how did it work?
Ostracism in Ancient Greece was the process of citizens  banishing someone from their city or government for 10 years. Every year, a meeting was held where citizens would suggest people they thought did not benefit the democracy, and instead put their government at risk.

2. Which cultural VALUES or principles do you think underpinned this process?
The process of ostracism in ancient Greece reveals balance of power as a cultural value. This means that ancient Athens believed that no one person should become intensely powerful over the people. The principle of giving more power to citizens rather than wealthy aristocrats also underpinned the practice of ostracism. Finally, the value of public opinion from citizens also proves to be a value of ancient Greece, since citizens expressing their dislike of or intolerance for a particular person was supported.

3. What do you think could be the danger of one person getting too 'high' up in power?
Someone who gains too much power can be threatening because they start to have an entitled mindset of indispensability, meaning that person thinks they are so important to an organization that it could not possibly survive without them. People who are too 'high' up in power have of a lot of choice and like to exercise their dominance over a group. Also, people with a lot of power are almost seen as above the law and exempt from discipline or change.

KEY TERMS: un-election, ostraca, ostracism

# data[].attributes.body
1. Explain HUBRIS and NEMESIS in your words with at least one example.
Hubris is the negative quality of being foolishly full of oneself, prideful, and arrogant. Nemesis is the justice or vengeance that comes around as punishment for ones hubris actions. Hubris and nemesis are related because nemesis is the punishment of misfortune for people behaving with hubris. The Greek myth about Phaethon is an example of hubris and nemesis. Phaethon was the son of the sun god, Helios. However, no one believed Phaethon since he did not have a resemblance similar to other Greek heroes. The skepticism caused Phaethon to beg his father to prove to the people that he was Helios' son, but Phaethon's father said he would grand him any one wish instead. Phaethon wished to ride his fathers chariot and drive the sun across the sky, but because of his pride and trying to be like the sun god, Phaethon could not control the horses and burned the Earth. Before he could do any more damage, Zeus struck Phaethon down with a lightning bolt, sending him into the Eridanus river where he died.

2. Which cultural VALUES or principles do you think underpin the concepts of hubris and nemesis?
A cultural value of ancient Greece is the Greek gods and how people feared them.  If people behaved with hubris, they knew they would offend the gods and nemesis would quickly follow. They also valued ostracism to provide someone with punishment if they were too prideful or powerful to balance their good fortune with consequence. Finally, ancient Greece valued peace and equality. Since people knew the consequence of acting with hubris, they would be afraid of  nemesis, keeping peace in society. People overstepping their boundaries and testing their mortal limitations led to an imbalance in control between the gods and the people, therefore the gods had to establish their control again with a punishment.

3.How are hubris and nemesis illustrated in the famous Greek myth of Icarus & Daedalus OR can you think of another famous movie/book that illustrates the terms?
The Greek myth of Icarus and Daedalus tragically embodies the concept of hubris and nemesis. Icarus was Daedalus' son, and they were both imprisoned together when Daedalus made 2 pairs of wings for them to escape the prison. Daedalus gave Icarus strict instructions on how to use the wings, to not fly close to the sun or the wings will be scorched, and to not fly too low, or the waves will weight the wings down. At first, Icarus followed his fathers instructions, but ego and pride soon set in as he took advantage of the freedom and flew closer and closer to the sun. Icarus was too confident in himself and did not think he had to listen to the wise instructions of his father. Nemesis followed his hubris. Icarus' wings fell a part as they melted by the heat of the sun, and Icarus quickly fell into the depths of the ocean.

Key terms: Hubris, Nemesis, Hamartia

# data[].attributes.body
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/12wJTBz0CU7HJhoWPKN2Q2ZXUpJhXR7sqn6ImoFSGuL0/edit#slide=id.g21c2df84b91_3_1

# data[].attributes.body
1. What were the aims of the Dionysia?
The Dionysia aimed to honor the god Dionysus. It also aimed to show the different forms of talent within the Greek community and provide friendly competition. The Dionysia also had political aims, as political leaders from the ten political tribes in Athens got together to discuss politics and plan future festivities .

2. Whilst set up as a religious festival, how was the festival potentially political?
The festival was potentially political because the judges of the dithyrambic competition represented Athenian political tribes. Getting all the ten tribes together in one place allowed them to discuss political matters and be potentially biased in the competition.

3. How was it similar and different to modern day arts festivals, like the Oscars or SYTYCD?
The festival was similar to the idea of SYTYCD because judges from each political tribes judged artistic performances like song, dance, and choreography. The festivals were different from todays's Oscars and SYTYCD competitions because political leaders judged the performers in the festival. Now, professional performers that are experienced in dance, singing, acting, and choreography judge the competition candidates.

# data[].attributes.body
1. In your words, why were funeral rites so important for the ancient Greeks/ Athenians? (3-6 sentences)

Funeral rites were important in Ancient Greek culture because it showed respect for the gods and secured the deceased's passage into their afterlife. It was considered a major offense to the gods and the deceased person to not grant them formal burial rites. Proper burials were a sign of respect, as women would dress the deceased in armor for a soldier or beautiful jewellery and garments for noblewomen. Burial rites were seen as part of the circle of life for the Ancient Greeks. If the formal burial rites were not performed, the deceased would have to aimlessly roam the river Styx in the underworld for 100 years.

2. How did women lead the funeral rites? (3-6 sentences)

Women led funeral rites and were a part of the three stages of laying-out, funeral procession, and burial. Women performed the laying-out of burial rites by cleaning the deceased body and anointing it with oils. The women would dress the body in armor for a soldier or beautiful jewellery for a noblewoman. The women would also situate the body with their feet to the door and with a coin under their tongue to pay for their journey into the afterlife. During the funeral procession, musicians lead the procession, men carried the body on a cart, but women had the role of lamenting, tearing their hair, and striking their chest with their fist. After the burial of the deceased was properly performed, women would go home to manufacture a large funeral feast in honor of the deceased.

# data[].attributes.body
The blind Theban prophet Tiresias appears as the voice of fate and the gods in Homer's The Oddyssey, Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and Antigone, and the Greek myth of Tiresias. According to the myth of Tiresias, Hera, the wife of Zeus, transforms Tiresias, born a man, into a women after he struck mating snakes with his cane. After marrying and having children, Tiresias later transformed back into male form and carried with him the knowledge and understanding of dual nature. Revered by Creon, the king in Antigone, and Oedipus in Oedipus Rex, Tiresias demonstrates clairvoyance and an ability to speak for the gods, often reviled for telling painful truths. Artistic renderings reveal this prophet of Apollo's nature. A sculpture by D. Avramidis and an illustration by A. Elias provide two artists differing perspectives. The sculpture displays Tiresias' with a open eyes, a furrowed brow, and a hand raised in a cautionary gesture, indicating the shrouded character possess abilities as a seer. Parted lips leave the viewer to wonder what he may say about what he sees in his mind's eye. Avramidis depicts Tiresias with a stature laden with the burden of knowledge and the truth. In contrast, the illustration by A. Elias portrays Tiresias encircled by a glowing, green light and a stature of destructive power, causing fear in his audience. Intimidating as he stands tall and powerful above his surroundings, Tiresias represents the force of fate and freedom. Often despised and resented by the community as a useless old blind man, Tiresias lacks physical vision but foretells the future with cryptic speech and deciphers omens with frightening accuracy. Tireasias' ironic gift of being a blind seer and revealing fate makes him a pivotal figure in Greek literature as he uncovers the conflicts that drive the story to tragic endings.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Greek Underworld & How to Get There (1) (1)