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Access AMH or MM to research whether it is safe on a reliable source

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Look at websites that end in .gov or .org rather than .com
Access AMH

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Web pages that are health organisation

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By looking at the URL of the website, if it ends in EDU or ORG it is definitly a more reliable source, However I would advise them to wait as i consult a doctor to determine if taking panadol would be acceptable.

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- Avoiding using medications that are not necessary
- If the relevant infant dose is less than 10% most medications are relatively safe
- Choose drugs that have extensive research studies
- evaluate the infant for risks
- caution with premature or Neonates
- Meds used in the first 3 days generally produce subclinical level in the infant due to the limited volumes of milk
- Recommended that the mothers get treated for depression as most medication used is safe
- Discontinuing breastfeeding for some hours/day may be required
- Choose drugs with short half lives, high protein binding, low oral bioavailability, or high molecular weight

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1. What steps should the nurse take prior to administering medicines to a pregnant or breastfeeding patient?
- Research medicines on AMH prior to administering to see advice in regards to pregnant and breastfeeding patients
- Monitor patient
- Taking lowest possible dose
- Take medicine straight after a feed, or before baby is due for a long sleep

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what steps should a nurse take prior to administering medications to a pregnant or breastfeeding pt?
- its your medication short-acting or long-acting?
short acting should be immediately taken after a nursing session while long acting should be taken just before your babies longest sleep period
- watch for baby if any reactions
-plasma drug calculations should be reduced in pregnancy
-provide an adequate therapeutic response

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Potential effects of the drug on milk production.

Amount of the drug excreted into human milk.

Extent of oral absorption by the breastfeeding infant.

Potential adverse effects on the breastfeeding infant.

Warfarin therapy should be avoided at least during the first trimester (because of teratogenicity) and from about 2 to 4 weeks before delivery to reduce risk of hemorrhagic complications.

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Note: Always consider:
Is there anything in the patient's condition/ past history that may increase the risks?

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Pregnant and breast feeding patients and medications

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Pregnant and breast feeding patients and medications

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1. What steps should the nurse take prior to administering medicines to a pregnant or breastfeeding patient?

Look up the prescribed medications to see if they are safe to administer.
Remember there may be an additional resource that you may want to access

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Mylanta/Omeprazole
Class: proton-pump inhibitors

MOA: Bind to the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme system (proton pump), inhibiting both stimulated and basal acid secretion.

Indications for use:
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
GORD
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
H. pylori eradication, as part of an effective regimen

Nursing considerations - Advise patient to avoid alcohol and foods that may cause an increase in GI irritation.

Instruct patient to report about prolonged side effects, including skin problems (itching, rash) or GI effects (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, heartburn, flatulence, abdominal pain).

Risk of electrolyte disturbances may be increased in the elderly

Drug - drug interactions: can interact with clopidogrel, warfarin, and certain HIV medications.

Mylanta -
Class - Antacids

MOA - Neutralize hydrochloric acid secreted by gastric parietal cells.

Indications for use - Symptomatic relief of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease and GORD

Nursing Considerations -

Drug Interactions - Avoid taking any other medicine within 2 hours before or 2 hours after you take aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and simethicon as it can make harder for your body to absorb other medicines.

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Metoclopramide
Class: Antiemetic

MOA: What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide?

Metoclopramide promotes gut motility by the following three mechanisms: inhibition of presynaptic and postsynaptic D₂ receptors, stimulation of presynaptic excitatory 5-HT₄ receptors and antagonism of presynaptic inhibition of muscarinic receptors

Indications for use:

- Nausea and vomiting

- Gastric stasis (eg after gastric surgery, diabetic gastroparesis)

- Difficult small intestinal intubation

Nursing considerations:

use short term only (maximum of 5 days); risk of tardive dyskinesia increases with cumulative dose and length of treatment

metoclopramide has been used for lactation stimulation but is not recommended due to safety and efficacy concerns; use non-pharmacological measures

Drug - drug interactions:
Metoclopramide may inhibit metabolism of suxamethonium, increasing neuromuscular block and causing respiratory insufficiency; use cautiously, monitor respiratory function.

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What would they be for this medication chart?

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Significant risks / drug-drug interactions???

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Significant risks / drug-drug interactions???

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How / why does it occur?
What are they and what signs and symptoms would we see?
What do we as nurses do;
- prevent and/ or manage these?

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Gliclazide
Class: Sulfonylurea

MOA: increase secretion of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas.
Also potentially decreases insulin resistance.

Indications for use: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Nursing considerations: a risk of hypoglycaemia due to an increase in insulin production and a decrease in insulin resistance.

Drug - drug interactions: use of sulfonylurea with fluconazole may increase the concentration of sulfonylurea and therefore increase the risk of hypoglycaemia.

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Compare and contrast the mode of action of the drug classes

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Compare and contrast the mode of action of the drug classes

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Did you find a simpler way to describe them?
Could you say in your own words what they are?
Did you need to go and look them up again? Do you need to rethink your explanation into your own words?

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Novorapid
Class: fast-acting insulins and analogues

MOA: regulates the metabolism of glucose, produces a rapid onset 10-15minutes compared to soluble insulins

Indications for use: diabetes

Nursing considerations:
- Risk of hypoglycaemia, may occur with excessive dosage, delayed or insufficient food. Symptoms may include sweating, faintness, palpitation, tremor, headache, confusion, altered mood
- Allergic reactions, itching
-give immediately before meals

Drug - drug interactions:
antipsychotics, steroids, blood pressure medications

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Optisulin
Class: insulin

MOA:
Increase or restore ability to metabolise glucose by enhancing cellular glucose uptake; inhibit endogenous glucose output and lipolysis.

Indications for use:
Diabetes mellitus, including type 1, type 2 or gestational diabetes

Nursing considerations:
- accidental overdose
- weight gain
- allergic reaction
- BGLs
- monitor food intake

Drug - drug interactions:
pioglitazone + insulin
Pioglitazone in combination with insulin increases risk of oedema and heart failure above that of pioglitazone alone; there may also be an increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Use combination cautiously; monitor blood glucose concentration and for signs of heart failure; consider reducing insulin dose if hypoglycaemia develops.