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The Yalta Conference was a meeting between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin. The meeting was held to discuss post-war plans during the Second World War and resulted in the agreed-upon solutions to divide Germany up into four regions, one each for France, Britain, the US, and the USSR, as well as the independence of Poland, the annexation of eastern Poland by the USSR (with compensation via eastern German territories being given to Poland), as well as the re-establishment of the independence of multiple liberated European nations.

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Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6 August,9 August 1945

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Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6 August,9 August 1945

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The United States demonstrated its power as the only nuclear-capable nation in 1945 by dropping two atomic bombs on Japan, the first being on Hiroshima, and the second on Nagasaki. The bombings forced Japan to surrender to the United States unconditionally, officially ending the Second World War. The atomic bombings also sparked a new fear of the United States in many foreign powers, including the Soviet Union, who immediately began development of nuclear weapons to counter the growing power and influence of the United States across the world.

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Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech (5 March 1946)

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Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech (5 March 1946)

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Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain speech, also known as the Sinews of Peace speech, was a speech that highlighted the United States and the United Kingdom as the world powers responsible for the protection of the Western World from Communist influence. The speech derived its nickname from Churchill's term "Iron Curtain", which defined the borders of the Soviet sphere of influence in Europe.

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Truman Doctrine First Applied in Greece (1947)

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Truman Doctrine First Applied in Greece (1947)

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Following a Yugoslav and Soviet-supported Communist uprising in Greece, US President Harry S. Truman declared that the United States should be responsible for supporting any and all Western nations against Communist influence. The united States provided both Greece and Turkey with $400 million as well as weapons to resist Communist influence.

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Introduction of the Marshall Plan (3 April 1948)

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Introduction of the Marshall Plan (3 April 1948)

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This plan gave the United States the job of repairing post-war Europe following the Second World War. The aid efforts were focused mostly toward western Europe.

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Berlin Blockade & Airlift (24 June 1948-12 May 1949)

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Berlin Blockade & Airlift (24 June 1948-12 May 1949)

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Soviet troops blockaded the western portion of the Western-occupied city of Berlin from the rest of West Germany, prompting the West to launch airlifts to provide the Western occupying forces in order to keep influence over the city. This blockade lasted almost an entire year.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in April of 1949 with the purpose of defending Western Europe from Communist influence.

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USSR's First Atomic Bomb (29 August 1949)

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USSR's First Atomic Bomb (29 August 1949)

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The USSR tested the RDS-1, its first atomic bomb, in Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, signaling the beginning of the nuclear arms race.

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Chinese Communists Win Chinese Civil War (1 October 1949)

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Chinese Communists Win Chinese Civil War (1 October 1949)

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The People's Liberation Army win the Chinese Civil War for the Chinese Communists on 1 October 1949, bringing an end to the civil war and appointing Mao Zedong as their new nation's leader.

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McCarthyism/Red Scare Hit the US (February 1950)

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McCarthyism/Red Scare Hit the US (February 1950)

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Following President Truman's Executive Order 9835, which called for a screening of federal employees for loyalty to the United States, Senator Joseph McCarthy took the role of persecuting potential communist sympathizers in the US, the majority of which cases did not have substantial proof of communist sympathy. These often unlawful persecutions sparked the Second Red Scare.

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Following a surprise invasion of South Korea by North Korea, the United States became involved in the Korean War, a conflict which saw both capitals of both Koreas captured and recaptured by Western and Eastern belligerents. The war ended in a stalemate and divided the Korean Peninsula in two along the 38th Parallel between communist North Korea and capitalist South Korea.

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First H-Bomb Tested by US at Bikini Atoll (1 March 1954)

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First H-Bomb Tested by US at Bikini Atoll (1 March 1954)

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One of the first hydrogen-powered nuclear bombs was tested by the United States on Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. This bomb was codenamed "Castle Bravo" and was the most devastating nuclear weapon at the time of its testing. However, the Soviets would go on to produce a larger nuclear weapon much later on.

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CIA-Supported Iranian Coup (August 1953)

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CIA-Supported Iranian Coup (August 1953)

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The Central Intelligence Agency of the United States operated alongside British intelligence to overthrow the democratically elected leadership of Iran in favor of the Western-aligned Iranian Shah. This would later spark the Iranian Revolution and the Iran Hostage Crisis.

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The Soviet KGB was a security service responsible for the protection and surveillance of Soviet party officials. It served the role of keeping Soviet politicians in line and in accordance with the goals of the Soviet Communist Party.

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CIA-Supported Guatemalan Coup (March 1954)

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CIA-Supported Guatemalan Coup (March 1954)

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The Central Intelligence Agency of the United States supported the overthrow of the democratically elected President Jacobo Árbenz in favor of the Western-aligned military dictator Carlos Castillo Armas, ending the Guatemalan Civil War.

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Formation of the Warsaw Pact (14 May 1955)

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Formation of the Warsaw Pact (14 May 1955)

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The Warsaw Pact was formed in order to unite the Eastern Bloc of communist nations against Western influence. The members of this pact were required to defend one another should a Western invasion occur.

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Hungarian Revolution Put Down (23 June- 11 November 1956)

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Hungarian Revolution Put Down (23 June- 11 November 1956)

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The Western-sympathetic Hungarian Revolution was put down following an invasion by the Soviets, who brutally squashed the uprising with force. The end result was over 3,000 revolutionaries killed and over 200,000 Hungarian citizens fleeing the country.

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First Soviet ICBM Launched (21 August 1957)

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First Soviet ICBM Launched (21 August 1957)

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The first Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile was the R-7, launched from Kazakhstan in August of 1957, showcasing for the first time the Soviets' ability to strike targets from a continent away.

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Gagarin's Start, проспект Королёва, Байқоңыр, Kazakhstan

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First Satellite Launched (4 October 1957)

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First Satellite Launched (4 October 1957)

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The first artificial satellite, nicknamed "Sputnik", was launched into orbit by the Soviets in October of 1957, signaling the first major step of the Space Race.

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Fidel Castro Takes Power in Cuba (16 February 1959)

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Fidel Castro Takes Power in Cuba (16 February 1959)

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Following the Cuban Revolution, Fidel Castro seized power over Cuba by force, declaring himself Representative of the Rebel Armed Forces of the Presidency. He ensured the Cuban provisional government set to work at fighting illiteracy, hunger, and capitalism by threatening violence.

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US Spy Plane Shot Down Over Russia (1 May 1960)

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US Spy Plane Shot Down Over Russia (1 May 1960)

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On the first day of May, 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by Soviet defense forces whilst flying over the Soviet Union. The incident soured relations further between the two major powers, but the pilot, Gary Powers, was later traded off for the US-captured Soviet spy Colonel Rudolf Abel.

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Failed Bay of Pigs Invasion (17-20 April 1961)

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Failed Bay of Pigs Invasion (17-20 April 1961)

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On the night of 17 April 1961, US-supplied Cuban Counterrevolutionaries landed in the Bay of Pigs, Cuba, with the goal of liberating Cuba from its communist government. The invasion ultimately failed, as the ill-prepared invaders were met with heavy resistance and the majority were later captured and/or killed.

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Construction of the Berlin Wall (13 August 1961)

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Construction of the Berlin Wall (13 August 1961)

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The Berlin Wall began construction in August of 1961 with the goal of keeping West Berliners from entering and East Berliners from leaving Soviet-occupied East Berlin. This wall was guarded by armed personnel and fortified with guard towers, minefields, sand, barbed wire, and spotlights to keep intruders from entering and to keep citizens from fleeing to West Berlin.

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Cuban Missile Crisis (16-29 October 1962)

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Cuban Missile Crisis (16-29 October 1962)

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Following the installation of US missiles in Italy and Turkey, the Soviet Union installed nuclear-capable missiles in Cuba, sparking a national emergency in the US and beginning the Cuban Missile Crisis, a standoff between the US and the Soviets which could have seen the world go up in nuclear flames had it not been for the eventual cooldown of tensions following an agreed disarmament.

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Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (5 August 1963)

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Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (5 August 1963)

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The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, and banned the above-ground test of nuclear weapons. This marked the beginning of the end of the Nuclear Arms Race.

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident/Consequences (August 1964)

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Gulf of Tonkin Incident/Consequences (August 1964)

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The Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred when the destroyer USS Maddox was supposedly attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo ships. This incident led to the US Senate giving emergency powers to then-President Lyndon B. Johnson, who used these powers to involve the US further in the Vietnam War.

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US Troops Invade Dominican Republic (24 April 1965)

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US Troops Invade Dominican Republic (24 April 1965)

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The first democratically elected President of the Dominican Republic, Juan Emilio Bosch Gaviño, was suspected of being a communist and was overthrown in a military coup which replaced him with Donald Reid Cabral. This sparked a counterrevolution which attempted to reinstate Bosch as the President, which was put down by Dominican Loyalist forces and intervening US military personnel.

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President Lyndon B. Johnson sent over 200,000 US troops to Vietnam to assist the South Vietnamese government in combating Communist guerrilla forces. This would be the beginning of direct US military involvement in Vietnam.

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Operation Rolling Thunder (2 March 1965- 2 November 1968)

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Operation Rolling Thunder (2 March 1965- 2 November 1968)

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The United States Air Force began Operation Rolling Thunder to destroy North Vietnamese transport systems and North Korean military targets which supported communist guerrilla forces in South Vietnam. The operation turned into a campaign lasting a good part of the Vietnam War, and extended into Laos and Cambodia in search of the elusive Ho Chi Minh Trail.

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Czechoslovakian Revolt (5 January- 21 August 1968)

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Czechoslovakian Revolt (5 January- 21 August 1968)

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Following peaceful protests calling for democratic reforms and freedom of speech and Czechoslovakian government compliance with said protests, the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia to repress any potential anticommunist activity, resulting in conflict between occupying Soviet troops and Czechoslovaks.

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NASA Mission Control Center, Houston, TX

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Apollo 11 Lands on the Moon (16-20 July 1969)

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Apollo 11 Lands on the Moon (16-20 July 1969)

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The US's NASA mission to the moon, titled "Apollo 11", was the first time man set foot on the moon, marking the end of the Space Race with the Soviet Union and one giant step for man.

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New York Times Building, 8th Avenue, New York, NY

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers (13 June 1971)

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Publication of the Pentagon Papers (13 June 1971)

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The publication of the Pentagon Papers by the New York Times gave the public access to information regarding the unlawful bombing campaigns in Laos and Cambodia as well as US Marine Corps attacks in North Vietnam, astounding the mainstream media with the extent of US involvement in Vietnam.

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US President Nixon Visits China (21-28 February 1972)

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US President Nixon Visits China (21-28 February 1972)

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In February of 1972, US President Richard Nixon visited China to establish relations with the People's Republic of China, marking one of the first instances of Western/Eastern cooperation and friendship since the Second World War.

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In May of 1972, the United States and the Soviet Union both agreed to limit the number constructed of ballistic missiles and ballistic missile silos in hopes of easing tensions between the two rival powers.

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In September of 1973, the socialist President Salvador Allende was overthrown by a US-supported military coup led by Augusto Pinochet, who then took power as the military dictator of Chile.

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The Yom Kippur War was a conflict in which Eastern-backed Egyptian and Syrian military forces attempted to invade Israel due to religious rivalry and the desire to occupy the Holy Land. The coalition forces were repulsed by the Israeli military, which was heavily supplied and supported by the West.

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North Vietnam Wins Vietnam War (17 April 1975)

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North Vietnam Wins Vietnam War (17 April 1975)

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Following the US's military withdrawal from Vietnam, the South Vietnamese were quickly overwhelmed and overran by North Vietnamese forces, who stormed across the border and rapidly advanced throughout the country with minimal resistance. The final invasion ended with the North Vietnamese capture of the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon, which they renamed Ho Chi Minh City after the leader of the North Vietnamese-backed Viet Cong guerrilla movement.

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Angolan Communist Takeover and Civil War(February 1976)

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Angolan Communist Takeover and Civil War(February 1976)

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Following its independence from Portugal, Angola entered a civil war between pro-communist and pro-democratic rebel forces. With support from Cuba and the Soviet Union, the MPLA eventually won the civil war and established a communist regime over Angola.

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US and China Officially Establish Full Relations (January 1979)

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US and China Officially Establish Full Relations (January 1979)

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Following a series of meetings, the United States and People's Republic of China officially recognized one another and established bilateral trade, marking the end to Chinese relations with the Warsaw Pact and many communist countries, including the Soviet Union.

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Sino-Vietnamese War (17 February-16 March 1979)

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Sino-Vietnamese War (17 February-16 March 1979)

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Following the Vietnamese-backed overthrow of the Chinese-backed Cambodian dictatorship of the Khmer Rouge, Chinese military forces invaded Vietnam, starting the Sino-Vietnamese War. This war would result in a defeat for China and would symbolize the isolation of China from the communist sphere.

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Iranian Revolution (7 January 1978-11 February 1979)

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Iranian Revolution (7 January 1978-11 February 1979)

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The Iranian Revolution began following modernization reforms instituted by the well-disliked Shah of Iran, which insulted the culture and the desires of the Iranian people. This led to the Iranian Revolution, which resulted in the Shah fleeing the country and the establishment of the radical Islamic Republic of Iran. This also led to the Iran Hostage Crisis, in which 52 American civilians were held hostage by student protesters and Irani military personnel for 444 days before they were finally negotiated back to the US.

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Soviet-Afghan War (24 December 1979-15 February 1989)

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Soviet-Afghan War (24 December 1979-15 February 1989)

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Rebel forces fighting against the previously installed and Soviet-backed communist regime in Afghanistan threatened the sanctity of Afghanistan as a communist nation. This prompted a response from the Soviet Union, which launched a full-scale invasion against the rebel forces in December of 1979, signaling the beginning of a 10 year long guerrilla war between the Soviets and Communist Afghan Government and the radical Sunni Muslim Mujaheddin movement. The war ended with a Soviet withdrawal from the region, which resulted in the continuation of the Afghan Civil War between varying factions.

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US Beats Soviet Hockey Team at Lake Placid Olympics (22 February 1980)

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US Beats Soviet Hockey Team at Lake Placid Olympics (22 February 1980)

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Following a Soviet hockey team victory against the US hockey team with a score of 10-3, the US hockey team won a miracle game against the Soviet hockey team at the Lake Placid Olympics in 1980, boosting Western morale.

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US Boycotts Moscow Summer Olympics (June-August 1980)

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US Boycotts Moscow Summer Olympics (June-August 1980)

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Following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the US boycotted the Moscow Summer Olympics in a show of support for the Afghan resistance forces.

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US President Reagan Proposes SDI (23 March 1983)

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US President Reagan Proposes SDI (23 March 1983)

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US President Ronald Reagan proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative in March of 1983. This was an orbital defense system which would prevent nuclear warheads from striking US soil with concentrated nuclear lasers, radar signals, missiles, interception systems, etc.

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US Invasion of Grenada (25-29 October 1983)

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US Invasion of Grenada (25-29 October 1983)

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The US intervened in Grenada following the Grenadian Civil War between the Cuban-backed Grenadian communist regime and the Grenadian Opposition, which was supported by the US when it invaded the island nation with over 7,300 troops. The civil war ended in the overthrow of the communist regime of Grenada and the establishment of a Western-backed government body.

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Eastern Bloc Boycotts LA Olympics (July-August 1984)

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Eastern Bloc Boycotts LA Olympics (July-August 1984)

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In response to the US boycott of the Moscow Summer Olympics, the Eastern Bloc boycotted the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, costing the Olympics 14 previously participating nations.

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Gorbachev Begins Glasnost and Perestroika Reforms (1985)

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Gorbachev Begins Glasnost and Perestroika Reforms (1985)

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Following political and economic problems in the USSR, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev began political and socioeconomic reforms to better the condition of the Soviet economy and politics. These reforms adopted small businesses and the freedom of speech, which mostly backfired for him and took too much power away from the authoritative Soviet government.

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Soviet Troops Withdrawal from Afghanistan (January 1989)

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Soviet Troops Withdrawal from Afghanistan (January 1989)

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Following a series of defeats against Afghan resistance forces and Soviet economic and political stress, the Soviet Union withdrew its military forces from Afghanistan, leading to the almost anarchic Afghan Civil War increasing in severity.

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania Oust Communist Governments (1989)

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Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania Oust Communist Governments (1989)

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Following sociopolitical unrest and continuous economic failures, the nations of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania ousted their Communist governments in favor of more democratic ones, signaling the beginning of the end of the Warsaw Pact and Soviet influence over Eastern Europe.

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The Tiananmen Square Massacre occurred after a series of Chinese student protests against the Chinese communist government were put down by force, resulting in the deaths of an unconfirmed number of civilian protesters.

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Following a series of German civilian protests, a large group of East Berliners and West Berliners rushed the Berlin Wall, forcing the East and West Berlin guards to put down their arms and allow the crowds to break down the German wall by force, signaling the beginning of the end of Soviet occupation of East Germany.

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Boris Yeltsin Wins Presidential Election in Russia (16 June 1996)

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Boris Yeltsin Wins Presidential Election in Russia (16 June 1996)

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Boris Yeltsin won the Russian presidential election of 1996 as a politically independent candidate against the communist party's candidates, signaling the end of communist leadership in Russia.

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Following Soviet withdraw from East German occupation, Germany reunified in front of the Reichstag, signaling the end of Germany's foreign occupation.

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Collapse of the Soviet Union (25 December 1991)

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Collapse of the Soviet Union (25 December 1991)

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Following a coup of the Soviet government, the Russian Federation was declared as an independent state from the United Soviet Socialist Republics, resulting in the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of 15 nations.